문화대혁명(文化大革命) 시기 광서(廣西) 무선현(武宣縣)의 파벌투쟁과 식인(食人)

구소영 ( Ku¸ Soyoung ) 중국사학회 2021 中國史硏究 Vol.- No.134

In this article, I explored that the political causes of cannibalism in Wuxuan, Guangxi, China between spring and summer 1968. Wuxuan’s cannibalism was not just the result of the decisions of some leaders in the center of the Chinese Communist Party or intermediate leaders of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In addition, it cannot be seen only by the decision of the perpetrators, such as cadres of Wuxuan County and each district, and members of 'the Alliance Command'. It should be understood as a result of the interaction between the central and autonomous districts, prefectures, and districts on the literary situation of Guangxi Autonomous Region at the time. The center of China stimulated slaughter and cannibalism by defining the forces that denied the Revolutionary Committee as "enemies" of the counter-revolution and justifying attacks on them. In addition, the leaders of Preparation Group of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Revolutionary Committee and Armed Forces Department attempted to achieve important ideological or political purposes by inducing many people to participate in attacks against those perceived as "class enemies" by stigmatizing political rivals by fabricating the "Anti-Communist National Salvation Army in Guangxi". In the meantime, the perpetrators of Wuxuan devised slaughter and cannibalism as the final solution that was very effective in preventive suppression of the current entire social group or members. Therefore, the strategic goals of the leaders of the central and Guangxi autonomous districts of China and the situational pressure of Wuxuan County interacted, acting as a strong motive for Wuxuan cannibalism in 1968.

캐나다의 임신중지 의료 지원 동향

이소영 ( Lee¸ Soyoung ) 한국보건사회연구원 2021 국제사회보장리뷰 Vol.18 No.-

캐나다에서 임신중지는 합법이다. 임신중지는 1988년 대법원이 형법에서 규정하는 낙태죄가 여성의 권리를 침해하기 때문에 위헌이라는 판결을 내림으로써 합법화가 되었다. 캐나다에서 임신중지가 합법화되는 이러한 과정은 우리나라에서 2019년 낙태죄를 규정하고 있는 형법 조항이 헌법불합치라는 판결을 내린 헌법재판소의 결정 과정과 유사한 점이 있다. 캐나다에서는 임신중지가 합법화된 이후 국가 의료보장 체계 내에서 임신중지 비용이 지원되고 상담 서비스가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 접근성에서의 격차 문제와 임신중지를 제한하려는 지속적인 시도가 있다. 이러한 캐나다 사례는 입법 개정 과정에 있는 한국에 주는 시사점이 있다.

The Study on the Semantic Function of Korean Distributive Plural Marker-tul

김소영 ( Kim¸ Soyoung ) 현대영미어문학회 2018 현대영미어문학회 추계학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.-

Transcription of human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) is downregulated by curcumin through AMPK signaling in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells

An So-Young,Kim Kyoung-Sook,Lee Young-Choon,Kim Seok-Ho 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.7

Background In this study, we observed that in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells mRNA level of the human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) was decreased by curcumin. FACS analysis using the α2,6-sialyl-specific lectin (SNA) also showed a noticeable decrease in binding to SNA by curcumin. Objective To investigate the mechanism for curcumin-triggered downregulation of hST6Gal I transcription. Methods The mRNA levels of nine kinds of hST genes were assessed by RT-PCR after curcumin was treated in HCT116 cells. The level of hST6Gal I product on cell surface was examined by flow cytometry analysis. Luciferase reporter plasmids with 5’-deleted constructs and mutants of the hST6Gal I promoter were transiently transfected into HCT116 cells, and the luciferase activity was measured after treatment with curcumin. Results Curcumin led to significant transcriptional repression of the hST6Gal I promoter. Promoter analysis using deletion mutants proved that the − 303 to − 189 region of the hST6Gal I promoter is required for transcriptional repression in response to curcumin. Among putative binding sites for transcription factors IK2, GATA1, TCF12, TAL1/E2A, SPT, and SL1 in this region, by site-directed mutagenesis analysis the TAL/E2A binding site (nucleotides − 266/− 246) was proved to be crucial for curcumin-triggered downregulation of hST6Gal I transcription in HCT116 cells. The transcription activity of hST6Gal I gene in HCT116 cells was markedly suppressed by compound C, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. Conclusion These indicate that gene expression of hST6Gal I in HCT116 cells is controlled through AMPK/TAL/E2A signal pathway.

Induction of autophagy by oleifolioside A in HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells

An So-Young,An Hyun-Kyu,Kim Kyoung-Sook,Lee Young-Choon,Kim Seok-Ho 한국응용생명화학회 2023 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.66 No.-

In current study, we addressed the anti-cancer effect of oleifolioside A and its mechanism on the regulation of cell death in HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells. Oleifolioside A inhibited HCT-116 cell proliferation and caused apoptosis associated with sequential activation of caspases 8 and 3, followed by PARP cleavage. Moreover, anti-LC3-positive granules and the increased LC3-II level were observed in HCT-116 cells treated with oleifolioside A, which is the specific characteristics of autophagy. Treatment of autophagy inhibiors, 3-MA and Wort, markedly accelerated the cell death by oleifolioside A and, furthermore, knockdown of Beclin-1 and Atg7 using shRNA increased oleifolioside A-induced apoptosis, suggesting a cytoprotective function of autophagy against oleifolioside A-triggered apoptosis. Treatment of HCT-116 cells with oleifolioside A time-dependently activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Oleifolioside A-induced autophagy was dramatically inhibited by pretreatment with an ERK inhibitor, U0126, which resulted in a marked reduction in cell viability. These findings indicate that oleifolioside A induce autophagy through ERK activation in HCT-116 cells and that autophagy suppression enhances apoptosis induced by oleifolioside A.

Determination of the optimal time for radioiodine therapy in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma using the adenovirus-mediated transfer of sodium iodide symporter gene

SO, YOUNG,LEE, YONG JIN,LEE, WON WOO,CHUNG, JUNE-KEY Spandidos Publications 2013 ONCOLOGY REPORTS Vol.29 No.4

Detection of skeletal muscle metastasis: torso FDG PET-CT versus contrast-enhanced chest or abdomen CT

So, Young,Yi, Jeong Geun,Song, Inyoung,Lee, Won Woo,Chung, Hyun Woo,Park, Jeong Hee,Moon, Sung Gyu Acta Radiologica 2015 Acta radiologica Vol.56 No.7

Prediction of the Clinical Outcome of Pediatric Moyamoya Disease With Postoperative Basal/Acetazolamide Stress Brain Perfusion SPECT After Revascularization Surgery

So, Young,Lee, Ho-Young,Kim, Seung-Ki,Lee, Jae Sung,Wang, Kyu-Chang,Cho, Byung-Kyu,Kang, Eunjoo,Lee, Dong Soo Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2005 Stroke Vol.36 No.7

<P>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We evaluated whether basal/acetazolamide stress brain perfusion SPECT performed after revascularization surgery can predict the further clinical outcome of patients with pediatric moyamoya disease. METHODS: A total of 77 (31 males, 46 females, age 6.6+/-3.2 years) patients with postoperative pediatric moyamoya disease who underwent basal/acetazolamide stress brain perfusion SPECT 6 to 12 months after revascularization surgery and who were followed-up >12 months after SPECT were included. Mean follow-up period after SPECT was 36+/-19 months. Sixty-two patients underwent bilateral ribbon encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS), 14 bilateral EDAS, and 1 unilateral EDAS. Ordinal logistic regression analysis using 5 independent variables (infarction on preoperative MRI, age at the first operation, highest Suzuki stage on cerebral angiography, and regional cerebrovascular reserve on postoperative SPECT) against postoperative clinical outcomes was performed. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients had preserved reserve on postoperative SPECT and their clinical outcomes were excellent (30), good (15), fair (4), and poor (2); 26 patients had decreased reserve (excellent, 1; good, 7; fair, 14; poor, 4). On ordinal logistic regression analysis, age at the first operation (P=0.033) and reserve on postoperative SPECT (P<0.001) were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Basal/acetazolamide stress brain perfusion SPECT performed at 6 to 12 months after the indirect bypass operation could predict the further clinical outcome of pediatric patients with moyamoya disease. Patients with decreased cerebrovascular reserve will have remaining neurological deficit and ischemic attacks on follow-up.</P>

1990년대 문학과 망각된 정동 : 1991년 5월 유서대필 조작사건과 김영현의 소설을 중심으로

이소영 ( Lee¸ So-young ) 민족문학사학회·민족문학사연구소 2020 민족문학사연구 Vol.74 No.-

이 글은 87년 체제가 일종의 쇼크 속에서 출연한 ‘시스템(system)’이라고 간주하고 시스템이 받은 충격에서 야기된 흔들림을 ‘정동(affect)’의 차원에서 파악하고자 하였다. 시스템의 쇼크는 국가보안법의 위상 변화에서 단적으로 확인된다. 이러한 시스템의 흔들림은 개인의 일상을 파괴하는 힘을 발휘하기도 하는데, 이를 잘 보여주는 사례가 바로 유서대필 조작사건이다. 이때 이 사건에서 문제의 핵심이 되는 유서가 안재성의 『사랑의 조건』을 참고로 작성되었다는 사실에 주목할 필요가 있다. 이는 시스템의 쇼크가 개인의 삶의 공간을 무너뜨리는 데 있어 문학이 일정 부분 개입하였다는 점을 보여주기 때문이다. 본고에서는 이에 착안하여 유서대필 조작사건과 김영현의 단편들을 통해 시스템의 일부로서 진보적 지식인의 정체성이 시민의 삶의 공간에 어떤 영향을 끼쳤는지를 정동과 관련하여 살펴본다. 김영현의 「멀고 먼 해후」는 강요된 분신과 분신을 감행하기까지의 열사의 내면을 담고 있다는 점에서 매우 징후적이라고 할 수 있다. 또한 「목격자」 역시 김구 암살범이 한 대학생의 죽음에 대한 증언의 자리로 나아가기까지의 내면을 형상화하면서 작품 말미에 장재완 열사의 유서를 제시하고 있다는 측면에서 매우 문제적이다. 이 두 작품이 공통적으로 재현하는 바는 유서에 담긴 성찰적 내면의 이면에는 변혁에 대한 애착에서 기인한 ‘적대(antagonism)’의 정동이 자리하고 있었다는 것이다. 이 적대의 정동이 외부로 발산되지 못할 때, 이는 스스로를 향하게 되고 결과적으로 자기 자신으로부터 돌아서게 만든다. 실제 유서대필 조작사건에서 유서의 주인공인 김기설의 내면을 들여다보면, 그의 ‘돌아섬’은 ‘본명=실존’, ‘가명=이데올로기’라는 운동권 문화의 공식을 거스르고 있었다. 김기설은 유서를 작성할 때 안재성의 _사랑의 조건_을 읽었는데, 그는 이 작품에서 드러나는 ‘전위조직 활동가’보다 더 높은 수준으로 혁신된 전위가 되고 싶었던 것이다. 이는 남들처럼 결혼도 하고 가정도 갖고 싶어하는 평범한 사람으로서의 김기설로부터 돌아서게 만들었다. 1990년대 초 운동권의 문학은 의도치 않게 누구도 정치적인 상황으로부터 자유롭지 않다는 자명한 사실을 망각시킨 것이다. 이후 1991년 5월을 형상화한 김영현의 「해남 가는 길」은 1991년 5월에 담긴 적대의 의미를 서둘러 봉합하면서, 「멀고 먼 해후」에서 이미 폐기된 바 있는 ‘민중’이라는 관념에 기대어 고정희의 장례식을 통해 열사들의 죽음을 애도한다. 김영현이 서둘러 떠나보낸 적대라는 정동은 1980년대 민주화 운동의 원동력이었다. 그러나 1991년 유서대필 조작사건에서 보이듯 적대가 자기 자신으로부터 돌아서도록 만들었을 때, 사회주의에 대한 진보 세력의 애착은 의도치 않게 누군가의 삶의 공간을 빼앗아버린 셈이 되었고, 이는 지워지지 않는 상처로 남았다. 이렇듯 시스템의 쇼크에서 발생한 파문은 애착 혹은 적대의 정동으로 번져 나가면서 수면 아래 감춰져있던 진보적 지식인의 정체성의 균열을 드러내고 이들에게 다시 상처받은 애착을 선사한다. 그러나 이 상처받은 애착이 87년 체제라는 시스템에 견고하게 자리 잡으며 386세대에 도덕적 헤게모니를 부여하는 힘이자 정치적 진보를 중지하도록 하는 면죄부가 되리라는 점은 누구도 짐작하지 못했을 것이다. This treatise considers the regime of 1987 as a “system” appearing amid some kind of shock and seeks to identify the shake caused by the impact of the system in the aspect of “affect.” The shock of the system is directly affirmed from nosedive of the Nation Security Act. The shake of such a system may also exert power to destroy an individual’s daily life, and a good example of this is “Korean Dreyfus affair Case.” At this time, it is worth noticing that the suicide note, the core of the problem in this case, was written referring to Ahn Jae-seong’s “Condition of Love.” This is because this reveals that literature has been partly intervened in the shock of the system destroying the space of individual lives. Based on this, through “Korean Dreyfus affair Case” and short stories of Kim Young-hyun, this treatise focuses on mainly on affect in order to discover how the identity of progressive intellectuals as a part of the system has influenced the space of citizens’ lives. Kim Yeonghyeon’s “Far and Far After Encounter” is very symptomatic in that it embodies self-combusting forced and the inner space of Yeol-sa who self-immolates. In addition, “The Witness” is also very problematic in that it represents the inner space of the assassin Kim Koo and quotes a suicide note by Jang Jae-wan Yeol-sa at the end of the work, depicting his journey to the place of testimony on the death of a university student. The two works offers that behind the reflective inner space of the suicide note was the affects of ‘antagonism’ caused by its attachment to transformation. When this antagonism fails to resist outward, it faces oneself and consequently turns away from oneself. In fact, if you look inner space of Kim Ki-seol, the main character of the suicide note in the “Korean Dreyfus affair Case,” his ‘turn away’ was defying the formula of the movement circles culture of ‘real name= existance’ and ‘false name=ideology.’ Kim Ki-seol referred to An Jaeseong’s “Condition of Love” when writing his suicide note, which he wanted to become an innovative avant-garde to a higher level than the avant-garde revealed in the work. This led to a turn away from Kim Ki-seol as an ordinary person who wanted to get married and have a family just like others. In the early 1990s, the movement circle’s literature unintentionally forgot the self-evident fact that no one was free from political situations. Since then, Kim Yeonghyeon’s “The Way to Haenam” which reenact May 1991 is mourning the deaths of the Yeol-sas through Ko Jung-hee’s funeral, leaning on the notion of ‘people’ that had already been discarded in “Far and Far After Encounter” as he hurriedly sealed the meaning of antagonism contained in May 1991. The affect of antagonism that Kim Yeonghyeon hurriedly sent away was the driving force of the democratic movement in the 1980s. However, as seen in the 1991 “Korean Dreyfus affair Case,” when antagonism made one’s turn away from oneself, the attachment of progressive forces to socialism unintentionally deprived someone of their place of life, thus leaving a deep scar. As such, a stir caused by the shock of the system spread out to affect of attachment or antagonism, revealing cracks of the identity of progressive intellectuals hidden beneath the surface and presenting them again a wounded attachment. However, no one would have estimated that this wounded attachment would be located stably in the regime of 1987, becoming a force granting moral hegemony to the 386 generation and an indulgence in suspending political progress.

Redeeming the Voice of African American Women in Wilson’s Plays

( Yoon¸ So Young ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2019 영어권문화연구 Vol.12 No.2

August Wilson’s plays are distinguished from their respective values of his Pittburgh Cycle. Preservation of oral tradition and historical reality represented in only African Americans’ experience of slavery indicates the importance and values of the blues music in his female characters. That is, music and tradition is inseparable in discoursing African Americans’ lives. In particular, Wilson’s emphasis on female characters are not outstanding in main stream studies on him. Among them, three plays are intertwined to present the aspects of the female characters’ roles. To deal with this theme three plays are selected as follows: Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom, Fences and The Piano Lesson. Ma Rainey initiates African American’s intrinsic experience of conflicts and segregation from white Americans, to draw their own stories through the power of the blues. In The Piano Lesson, Wilson points out comparison between black and white through the visual image of a piano, which comprises black and white. These visual differences of color disclose literal racism and ethnocentrism at a superficial meaning. The process of acceptance that includes both black and white is seen through the piano playing. Visual effect is closely related to aesthetics of difference. Just as the colors of the piano keys do not mix and each exists respectively, their identity must also be a different color that exists in diversity. On top of that, it offers the most cogent illustrations of how music is adopted for female characterization, especially with use of the blues. In particular, female characters redeem their voices by singing their stories and playing their history through music. Therefore, redeeming their voices shows the meaning of their music and can make their history more vividly inscribed in their storytelling. In conclusion, Wilson speaks, delivers, and represents African American stories through women characters not male protagonists, especially by using their own music, the blues.