A Simple Method for Solving Type-2 and Type-4 Fuzzy Transportation Problems

Senthil Kumar, P. Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.16 No.4

In conventional transportation problem (TP), all the parameters are always certain. But, many of the real life situations in industry or organization, the parameters (supply, demand and cost) of the TP are not precise which are imprecise in nature in different factors like the market condition, variations in rates of diesel, traffic jams, weather in hilly areas, capacity of men and machine, long power cut, labourer's over time work, unexpected failures in machine, seasonal changes and many more. To counter these problems, depending on the nature of the parameters, the TP is classified into two categories namely type-2 and type-4 fuzzy transportation problems (FTPs) under uncertain environment and formulates the problem and utilizes the trapezoidal fuzzy number (TrFN) to solve the TP. The existing ranking procedure of Liou and Wang (1992) is used to transform the type-2 and type-4 FTPs into a crisp one so that the conventional method may be applied to solve the TP. Moreover, the solution procedure differs from TP to type-2 and type-4 FTPs in allocation step only. Therefore a simple and efficient method denoted by PSK (P. Senthil Kumar) method is proposed to obtain an optimal solution in terms of TrFNs. From this fuzzy solution, the decision maker (DM) can decide the level of acceptance for the transportation cost or profit. Thus, the major applications of fuzzy set theory are widely used in areas such as inventory control, communication network, aggregate planning, employment scheduling, and personnel assignment and so on.

Real Gas Effects of Supercritical CO₂ Flow through a Supersonic Nozzle Senthil kumar Raman and Heuy Dong Kim

Senthil kumar Raman,Heuy Dong Kim 대한기계학회 2016 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2016 No.12

The unique characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO₂) are reason enough to find its use in various engineering applications. But still usability of SCO₂ is not completely explored due to lack of knowledge about its real gas effects. The present study mainly addresses the real gas effects on supercritical CO₂ flow through a supersonic convergent-divergent nozzle. With series of theoretical equations which are based on one-dimensional gas dynamics theory, computer program has been developed to predict the compressible flow characteristics of supercritical CO₂. With the data obtained from the computer program, properties of supercritical CO₂ near critical point is theoretically analyzed with different EOS. Computational analysis also has been carried out to reasonably predict the SCO₂ flows. The deviation in prediction of properties of SCO₂ by a EOS from other one is addressed. Several types of the equations of state were applied to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. For effective use of available EOS, an attempt is made by coupling ideal gas EOS and real gas EOS to analyze the real gas effect of SCO₂. These results are compared with the computational results of SCO₂ flow through convergent divergent nozzle with a single real gas EOS. The obtained solutions were used to investigate the generic features of supercritical CO₂ flow, in terms of shock wave location, flow choking, total pressure loss, pressure recovery, etc.

A Simple Method for Solving Type-2 and Type-4 Fuzzy Transportation Problems

P. Senthil Kumar 한국지능시스템학회 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.16 No.4

In conventional transportation problem (TP), all the parameters are always certain. But, many of the real life situations in industry or organization, the parameters (supply, demand and cost) of the TP are not precise which are imprecise in nature in different factors like the market condition, variations in rates of diesel, traffic jams, weather in hilly areas, capacity of men and machine, long power cut, labourer’s over time work, unexpected failures in machine, seasonal changes and many more. To counter these problems, depending on the nature of the parameters, the TP is classified into two categories namely type-2 and type-4 fuzzy transportation problems (FTPs) under uncertain environment and formulates the problem and utilizes the trapezoidal fuzzy number (TrFN) to solve the TP. The existing ranking procedure of Liou and Wang (1992) is used to transform the type-2 and type-4 FTPs into a crisp one so that the conventional method may be applied to solve the TP. Moreover, the solution procedure differs from TP to type-2 and type-4 FTPs in allocation step only. Therefore a simple and efficient method denoted by PSK (P. Senthil Kumar) method is proposed to obtain an optimal solution in terms of TrFNs. From this fuzzy solution, the decision maker (DM) can decide the level of acceptance for the transportation cost or profit. Thus, the major applications of fuzzy set theory are widely used in areas such as inventory control, communication network, aggregate planning, employment scheduling, and personnel assignment and so on.

A new equation of state to predict S-CO 2 flow with real gas effects

Senthil Kumar Raman,김희동 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.3

The accuracy of the thermodynamic properties prediction from the different Equation of state (EOS) varies upon the range of temperature and pressure. Despite the variety of EOS available, there is no de facto for selecting an EOS for particular computational modeling. The EOS model recently developed by Kumar and Kim (K-K EOS) determines more accurately the thermodynamic properties of CO 2than earlier models. In this present study, K-K EOS is successfully implemented in the computational analysis of compressible supercritical CO 2 flow (S-CO 2 ) in the thermodynamic region near and away from the vapour-liquid critical point. Computational results of SCO 2 flow with the real gas properties predicted with the K-K EOS is compared with Span and Wagner (SW EOS) and ideal EOS.

Vibration control of small horizontal axis wind turbine blade with shape memory alloy

Senthil Kumar Mouleeswaran,Yuvaraja Mani,P. Keerthivasan,Jagadeesh Veeraragu 국제구조공학회 2018 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.21 No.3

Vibrational problems in the domestic Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (SHAWT) are due to flap wise vibrations caused by varying wind velocities acting perpendicular to its blade surface. It has been reported that monitoring the structural health of the turbine blades requires special attention as they are key elements of a wind power generation, and account for 15-20% of the total turbine cost. If this vibration problem is taken care, the SHAWT can be made as commercial success. In this work, Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires made of Nitinol (Ni-Ti) alloys are embedded into the Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) wind turbine blade in order to reduce the flapwise vibrations. Experimental study of Nitinol (Ni-Ti) wire characteristics has been done and relationship between different parameters like current, displacement, time and temperature has been established. When the wind turbine blades are subjected to varying wind velocity, flapwise vibration occurs which has to be controlled continuously, otherwise the blade will be damaged due to the resonance. Therefore, in order to control these flapwise vibrations actively, a non-linear current controller unit was developed and fabricated, which provides actuation force required for active vibration control in smart blade. Experimental analysis was performed on conventional GFRP and smart blade, depicted a 20% increase in natural frequency and 20% reduction in amplitude of vibration. With addition of active vibration control unit, the smart blade showed 61% reduction in amplitude of vibration.

Experimental and Computational Studies on the Reentry Capsule Aerodynamics with a Flap

Senthil Kumar,J K Prasad,Kim H D 한국추진공학회 2016 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.5

Flow field around a typical reentry capsule has been investigated adopting experiments and computations. The reentry capsule has the flap which could be useful to obtain control force. All the studies have been made at a free stream Mach number of 2 and Reynolds number of 30 X 106. Experiments consisted of schlieren flow visualization and measurement of axial force only. Three dimensional computation has been made using FLUENT and adopting k-ω turbulence model. Effect of angle of attack and flap angle has been obtained. Based on present study, it is observed the flap increases the axial force.

Multiobjective optimization process of Ti6Al4V alloy using MWCNTs dispersed cutting fluid in turning operation

Senthil Kumar L,Savadamuthu L,Manivel C 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2022 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.23 No.4

Turning is one of the precise machining processes, which are widely used at present for many industrial applications. Titaniumalloy Ti6Al4V is widely implemented in the field of aerospace, structural, automotive and biomedical applications. In thisstudy, the most significant factor of Cutting Force, Cutting Temperature and Material Removal Rate is considered the mostresponsible for determining the desirable input factors to the titanium Ti6Al4V alloy in the turning process. Initially, the designof the experiment was conducted for speed, cutting feed, axial depth of cut and the environmental eco-friendly coolant oilconcentration of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes nano-fluid are input parameters of machining process were studied inturning of titanium Ti6Al4V alloy to achieve sustainable production. Desirability Function Analysis was used to predict themathematical model and ANOVA was used to analyze the contribution percentages of the machining parameters. Since theinfluence of the machining parameters of the Cutting Force, Tool Temperature and Material Removal Rate are conflicting innature; the problem was considered a Multi-objective evaluator algorithm-based analysis of the problem. Hence, DesirabilityFunction Analysis was adapted to predict the optimal set of input parameters. The interactive plots reveal that MWCNT’snanofluid improves the result in terms of the maximum rate of removed material with minimum cutting force and cuttingtemperature. Based on multi-objective optimizations of RSM based DFA the optimal results confirm that 1% of MWCNT’sconcentration reduces the cutting temperature and improves the removal of material when MWCNTs are used as cutting fluid.

A Review of Energy-Efficient Secured Routing Algorithm for IoT-Enabled Smart Agricultural Systems

Kumar C. Senthil,Anand R. Vijay 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.3

Purpose Food security is the most concerning term nowadays with the increase in world population. The increase in population leads to the conversion of farmland into houses, and unpredictable natural disasters bring down the production of food. This might have increased the usage of smart agriculture with the employment of the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data solutions. Methods Traditional agriculture methods are being migrated by requiring smart IoT technologies. Monitoring, maintenance performance, and cost are controlled using modern technologies. In modern agriculture, aerial imagery and satellites play a significant role. The agriculture-related information, such as water level, soil nutrition levels, soil PH, humidity, and temperature, is measured via an accurate agriculture sensor monitoring network in which the computers and phones remotely monitor their crop, and the details are updated to the farmers. This smart agriculture might have increased productivity and operational efficiency to a great extent. The IoT combines most of the traditional technologies and thus increases productivity. Results In this paper, we present the literature review of an IoT-based energy-efficient secured routing protocol applied to the smart agriculture field. We have taken papers from different publishers like IEEE, Springer, Elsevier, and others and reviewed their limitations and advantages. The reviewed papers include protocols such as MAC, cross-layer, LEACH, multihop, and artificial intelligence (AI). Conclusions This study will help guide the researchers to contribute their works to this most trending and needed topic to enhance the productivity and energy efficiency of agricultural products securely for a sustainable future.

Effect of barrier growth temperature on morphological evolution of green InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well heterostructures

Senthil Kumar, M,Park, J Y,Lee, Y S,Chung, S J,Hong, C-H,Suh, E-K Institute of Physics [etc.] 2007 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.40 No.17

<P>Surface morphology of green InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) on a sapphire substrate with various high temperature grown GaN barriers has been evaluated. Keeping the InGaN well growth temperature constant at 740 °C, a series of MQWs were grown with GaN barrier temperatures varied up to 910 °C. GaN barriers grown below 800 °C lead to the generation of a high density of V-defects and inclusions embedded within V-defects as observed by atomic force microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) studies revealed that the embedded inclusions are of two kinds: one of them appears as bright spots in CL mapping while the other appears as the surrounding region. Temperature ramping and subsequent interruption for GaN barrier growth suppresses both kinds of inclusion defects and also significantly reduces the V-defect density. An inclusion-free smooth surface is obtained for green emitting InGaN/GaN MQWs with the GaN barrier grown at 910 °C.</P>

Paper Machine Industrial Analysis on Moisture Control Using BF-PSO Algorithm and Real Time Implementation Setup through Embedded Controller

Senthil Kumar, M.,Mahadevan, K. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.2

Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller tuning is an area of interest for researchers in many areas of science and engineering. This paper presents a new algorithm for PID controller tuning based on a combination of bacteria foraging and particle swarm optimization. BFO algorithm has recently emerged as a very powerful technique for real parameter optimization. To overcome delay in an optimization, combine the features of BFOA and PSO for tuning the PID controller. This new algorithm is proposed to combine both the algorithms to get better optimization values. The real time prototype model of paper machine is designed and controlled by using PIC microcontroller embedded with the programming in C language.