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Rationalization in Korea container terminal using DEA cross-efficiency and cluster analysis
Kim Sungki,Kim Chanho,Kim Sangyoul,Choi Sanggyun 한국해운물류학회 2022 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.38 No.2
Ports and container terminals today are interchanges for maritime and land transport as well as important facilities that serve as communication channels for nations, regional economies, and forelands. They also act as suppliers providing cargo handling and international logistics services at the national level. Traditionally, the port industry was less competitive than other industries. However, competition among terminals is intensifying due to recent environmental changes, and the excessive competition between Korean container terminals has produced negative effects. Therefore, it is necessary to establish terminal rationalization plans to resolve excessive competition among container terminals at the national level. This study examined the direction for terminal rationalization at the national level to alleviate excessive competition among container terminals based on the theory of supply base rationalization. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) cross-efficiency and cluster analysis were combined to provide rationalization plans based on efficiency measurement. This study is significant as it presents a strategic analytical tool to establish terminal rationalization plans at the national level and also proves its applicability. © 2022 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Association of Shipping and Logistics, Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). CC_BY_NC_ND_4.0
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Underdetermined Blind Source Separation Based on Subspace Representation
SangGyun Kim,Yoo, C.D. IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on signal processing Vol.57 No.7
<P>This paper considers the problem of blindly separating sub- and super-Gaussian sources from underdetermined mixtures. The underlying sources are assumed to be composed of two orthogonal components: one lying in the rowspace and the other in the nullspace of a mixing matrix. The mapping from the rowspace component to the mixtures by the mixing matrix is invertible using the pseudo-inverse of the mixing matrix. The mapping from the nullspace component to zero by the mixing matrix is noninvertible, and there are infinitely many solutions to the nullspace component. The latent nullspace component, which is of lower complexity than the underlying sources, is estimated based on a mean square error (MSE) criterion. This leads to a source estimator that is optimal in the MSE sense. In order to characterize and model sub- and super-Gaussian source distributions, the parametric generalized Gaussian distribution is used. The distribution parameters are estimated based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. When the mixing matrix is unavailable, it must be estimated, and a novel algorithm based on a single source detection algorithm, which detects time-frequency regions of single-source-occupancy, is proposed. In our simulations, the proposed algorithm, compared to other conventional algorithms, estimated the mixing matrix with higher accuracy and separated various sources with higher signal-to-interference ratio.</P>
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( Sanggyun Kim ),( Soyoung Lee ),( Doosup Kim ),( Junseop Yeom ),( Sae Yong Lee ),( Scott A. Banks ) 한국체육학회 2019 International journal of human movement science Vol.13 No.2
We aimed to identify 3D motion differences in knee joint articular surface kinematics in healthy young and old participants during weight-bearing knee flexion. Twelve healthy male volunteers, six in their 60s and six in their 20s, without any musculoskeletal system disease involving the knees participated. 3D bone models of the femur and tibia were obtained using CT and matched into the fluoroscopic images captured during split squatting. Translation and rotation of the tibia to the femur during weight-bearing flexion were compared between the groups. Translation of the nearest medial-lateral articular surface location and rotational angle of medial-lateral connecting lines were also compared. As the tibial internal-external rotation angle and medial contact point anterior-posterior translation were significantly correlated between the groups, they could not represent the characteristics of age-related changes. Similar to lateral contact point translation and contact points line angles were significantly different during the initial 10° flexion period. At the 40°-45° knee flexion period, a significant difference was detected in the contact point line angle and in the tibial superior-inferior translation. 3D knee joint kinematic differences between participants in their 20s and 60s, especially during initial and 40°-45° periods, can predict kinematic effects on age-related disease.
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Robust Optimal Design of a Six-Bar Linkage-Based Finger Clamping Unit for High Durability
SangGyun Kim,Kyeongtae Lim,Younkyu Kim,TaeWon Seo 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.4
A finger clamping unit (FCU) is a clamp for fixing a thin panel through a toggle mechanism in which the torque input is amplified. Previous studies optimized the clamping range (range of thickness of a panel that can be clamped) using a compliant link. Thereby, panels of various thicknesses could be clamped. However, a problem occurred in the durability because of the optimization to increase only the clamping range. The most vulnerable part, the compliant link, was damaged. In this study, durability is improved by replacing the linear slide joint (the mechanical element of the FCU) with a curved slide joint from another study. A static analysis of the new FCU is conducted. In addition, optimization is performed to reduce the force applied to the compliant link using the Taguchi method in a simulated environment. The result is expressed as a three-dimensional plot representing the behavior of the FCU. As a result of optimization, durability has increased significantly. furthermore, the clamping range is also increased slightly, and the overall size of the FCU is decreased. In addition, the increase in durability was greater when subjected to a large force than when subjected to a small force. When the penal thickness is 2mm, the force applied to the compliant link is decreased by 15.85%.
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김상균(SangGyun Kim) 한국부패학회 2012 한국부패학회보 Vol.17 No.1
Criminal investigation means that investigatory systems activity to discover and collect a criminal and a criminal evidence for a criminal case. There are two aims which are human rights protection and subjective truth discovery in the Criminal Procedure Law. If the human rights protections are emphasized, subjective truth discoveries might be neglect. Also, If the subjective truth discoveries are emphasized, the human rights might be damaged. Criminal investigatory system should be protect human rights and discovery subjective truth. Many endeavors to protect human rights may be catch of by the National Assembly and National institution like the committee of human rights and the Criminal Investigation Agency. There are many regulations for protection of human rights should be keep in the process of criminal investigatory activity, but many censures have happened for human rights infringement. This paper analysed the case of human rights infringement in the courses of police investigatory activity and presented countermeasures of that.
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우상균(Sanggyun Woo),김우석(Wooseok Kim),김강출(Gangchul Kim),표영덕(Youngdug Pyo),이현찬,백영순 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.4
Dimethyl ether(DME) is an oxygenated fuel with a cetane number higher than that of diesel oil. It meet the ULEV emission regulation and reduce the smoke to almost zero when used in a diesel engine. Cogeneration is an energy conversion process, where electricity and useful heat are produced simultaneously in one process. Also, carbon dioxide emissions can be substantially reduced. Cogeneration heat can be used either for district heating or for industrial processes. Furthermore, the heat by-product is available for use without the need for the further burning of a primary fuel. The cogeneration process may be based on the use of steam or gas turbines or combustion engines. However, there have been few models with an output of less than 100 kilowatt. In the present study, conventional DI diesel engine by using DME fuel with generation output of 25 kilowatts was developed for micro cogeneration package. Test results showed that the torque and power with DME were same as those of pure diesel oil, but the brake thermal efficiency decreased a little. Also, smoke index from DME engine showed nearly zero level and NO<SUB>X</SUB> was decreased a little compared to diesel oil. The EGR system was the very effective method to reduce the NO<SUB>X</SUB> emission in case of DME fuel in diesel engine.
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金相均(Sanggyun Kim) 한국비교사법학회 2008 比較私法 Vol.15 No.4
The U.S. classwide arbitration or an arbitral class action where ant dispute is required to be resolved through an arbitration by an agreement between the parties is a hybrid procedure of class action and mandatory binding arbitration. The Federal Arbitration Act or the Uniform Arbitration Act don't provide for this classwide arbitration at all. In order to avoid class action proceedings, many companies of the U.S. have drafted standard agreements in which any dispute between the consumers and themselves should be submitted to arbitration, hoping that by this device, only individual procedures could be initiate. In Green Tree Financial Corp. v. Bazzle, the U.S Supreme Court determined whether the agreement clause allows or prohibits class arbitration is for the arbitrator and not for the court to decide. Where an arbitration clause prohibits explicitly the consumers not to litigate their claims against the company in the class basis, several courts have applied the unconscionability principle to void the clause. But arbitration rules in the securities industry provide that class actions are not arbitrable, a great number of courts have interpreted the rules to mean that plaintiffs may litigate class action claims and need only arbitrate individual claims. For the proceedings of class arbitration, the court's assistance will be necessary to determine the class issues for class certification, notice, adequacy of class representation, settlement due to the Due Process Clause of the U.S. Constitution. It would be difficult for korean judical system to accept the classwide arbitration which is an unique dispute resolution device in the U.S.A.
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