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Bo Pang,Luis E. Valencia,Jessica Wang,Yao Wan,Ravi Lal,Amin Zargar,Jay D. Keasling 한국생물공학회 2019 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.24 No.3
Modular type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) are multifunctional proteins that are comprised of individual domains organized into modules. These modules act together to assemble complex polyketides from acyl-CoA substrates in a linear fashion. This assembly-line enzymology makes engineered PKSs a potential retrobiosynthetic platform to produce fuels, commodity chemicals, speciality chemicals, and pharmaceuticals in various host microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. However, the realization of this potential is restricted by practical difficulties in strain engineering, protein overexpression, and titer/yield optimization. These challenges are becoming more possible to overcome due to technical advances in PKS design, engineered heterologous hosts, DNA synthesis and assembly, PKS heterologous expression, and analytical methodology. In this review, we highlight these technical advances in PKS engineering and provide practical considerations thereof.
BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL MARKETING IN ASIA: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Bo Pang,Sameer Deshpande,Yara Almosa,Amna Arif,Denni Arli,Marat Bakpayev,B. Zafer Erdogan,Haruka Fujihira,Samanthika Gallage,Mohammad Kadir Kadir,Jeawon Kim,Mai Nguyen,Derek Ong Lai Teik,Patama Satawe 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2020 No.11
Pang, Bo,Shin, Dong Hoon,Park, Kyung Sun,Huh, Yun Jeong,Woo, Joohan,Zhang, Yin-Hua,Kang, Tong Mook,Lee, Ki-Young,Kim, Sung Joon Springer-Verlag 2012 Pfl ugers Arch Vol.463 No.2
<P>Sustained increase in [Ca(2+)](c) (δ[Ca(2+)](c)) is a critical early signal from T-cell receptor (TCR/CD3). In general, Ca(2+)-release activated Ca(2+) channels (CRAC) are responsible for the Ca(2+) influx and δ[Ca(2+)](c) after TCR/CD3 stimulation. However, T cells also express Ca(2+)-permeable nonselective cation channels such as TRPM2 and TRPC. Gd(3+) is a relatively selective blocker for CRAC at micromolar concentrations. Here, Jurkat T cells were used to investigate the Gd(3+)-resistant Ca(2+) influx (δ[Ca(2+)](c,Gd)) induced by concanavalin A (ConA, 1?μg/ml), a widely used mitogenic agent for T cells, or by anti-CD3 Ab (αCD3). αCD3-induced δ[Ca(2+)](c) was partly (~60%) inhibited by 1?μM Gd(3+) while thapsigargin-induced δ[Ca(2+)] was almost completely abolished. ConA-induced δ[Ca(2+)] was mostly inhibited by 1?μM Gd(3+) during the early phase (<30?s of ConA application) and became resistant during the late phase (>2?min). Induction of δ[Ca(2+)](c,Gd) by αCD3 and ConA was inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and by N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid, indicating that TRPM2 and TRPC are involved in this process. Treatment with Pyr-3, a TRPC3-specific inhibitor, potently suppressed δ[Ca(2+)](c,Gd) by αCD3 (IC(50), 0.16?μM). Patch clamp experiments demonstrated that the TRPM2 channels were activated by ConA, and the TRPC-like channels were activated by αCD3. Our present study suggests that TRPM2 and TRPC3 are activated by ConA and TCR/CD3, respectively, in Jurkat T cells and are responsible for the induction of δ[Ca(2+)](c,Gd).</P>
Bo Pang,Sharyn Rundle-Thiele,Krzysztof Kubacki 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7
Evidence indicates that lower levels of obesity among school-age children can be achieved through active school travel modes which include walking. This research aims to empirically investigate the explanatory potential of the Ecological and Cognitive Active Commuting (ECAC) model to explain walking to school behaviour among Queensland children. The results from an online survey of 537 carers in Queensland, Australia indicate that the ECAC explained 53.4% of the variance in walking to school. Distance to school moderates the associations among walking to school behaviours, perceived risks, and social norms. Data indicates that changing carers’ social norms and lowering the perceived risks carers associate with walking to school will increase the incidence of walking to school in Queensland.
Chinese medical drugs for coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wentai Pang,Zhi Liu,Nan Li,Yuyun Li,Fengwen Yang,Pang Bo,Xin-Yao Jin,Wenke Zheng,Junhua Zhang 한국한의학연구원 2020 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.9 No.3
Background: Integration of Chinese medical drugs (CMD) and western medicine (WM) has been widely used in the treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CMD for COVID-19. Method: A literature search was performed in six databases from injection to June 2020. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs were considered as eligible. The quality of included RCTs were assessed by Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and Review Manager 5.3 software was used to do meta-analysis. Result: Eleven studies with 1259 patients were included in this study. CMD included herbal decoction and Chinese patent medicine. The methodological quality was evaluated as generally unclear. The results of meta-analysis showed that the integration of CMD and WM had better efficacy than WM in number of patients turned to severe and critical type (RR = 0.47, 95% CI=[0.32, 0.69], P < 0.0001), length of hospital stay (MD= -7.95, 95% CI=[-14.66, -1.24], P = 0.02), defervescence time (MD= -1.20, 95% CI=[-2.03, -0.38], P = 0.004), cough resolution rate (RR = 1.37, 95% CI=[1.15, 1.64], P = 0.0004), fatigue resolution rate (RR = 1.37, 95% CI=[1.02, 1.83], P = 0.04), and tachypnea resolution rate (RR = 2.20, 95% CI=[1.11, 4.39], P = 0.02). As for safety, there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: CMD may bring potential benefit to patients suffered from COVID-19. However, the quality of included trials is not good enough. High quality study with core outcome set are still required.
Tongue features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Wentai Pang,Dong Zhang,Junhua Zhang,Nan Li,Wenke Zheng,Hui Wang,ChunxiangLiu,Fengwen Yang,Pang Bo 한국한의학연구원 2020 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.9 No.3
Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Tongue features should be referred for diagnosis and treatment of diseases in TCM. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the tongue features of the patients suffered from COVID-19. Methods: COVID-19 Symptom Database (established by Evidence-based Medicine Center of Tianjin University of TCM) was searched for eligible tongue pictures. The tongue pictures were assessed by TCM experts to extract the data of tongue color, coating color, tongue body shape and coating proper feature. The relationship between tongue features and patient’s condition was analyzed. Results: Patients diagnosed as mild and moderate COVID-19 commonly had light red tongue and white coating. Severe patients had purple tongue and yellow coating. The proportion of critical patients with tender tongue increased to 75%. Greasy coating was a significant characteristic of patients with COVID-19. The proportions of greasy coating were 53.3%, 73.3%, 83.6% and 87.5% in disease category of mild, moderate, severe and critical. In addition, the thick coating proportion increased from mild (24.9%) to critical (50.0%). Conclusions: Tongue features have certain relationship with the category of COVID-19. Tongue features can serve as potential indicators for the evaluation of patient’s condition and prognosis. Further studies are needed to enhance the quantification of tongue features and develop standards.
T 림프구 칼슘신호와 포타슘 이온 전류에 대한 글루코사민의 효과
방발 ( Bo Pang ),서은영 ( Eun Young Suh ),김성준 ( Sung Joon Kim ),김우경 ( Woo Kyung Kim ) 대한내과학회 2010 대한내과학회지 Vol.79 No.5
Background/Aims: Glucosamine is widely taken as a functional food, and some studies reported its anti-inflammatory effects. K+ channels and intracellular signal play important roles in the activation of immune cells such as T lymphocytes. Therefore we aimed to examine the effects of glucosamine on the cell physiological parameters. Methods: In Jurkat-T lymphocytes, intracellular [Ca(2+)+] ([Ca(2+)+]i) was measured using fura-(2+) fluorimetry, and voltage-gated K+ current (IKv) was measured using whole-cell clamp technique. Ca(2+)+-activated K+ current (IKca) was measured in HEK(2+)93 cells over expressing SK4 using inside-out patch clamp technique. Results: An acute application of glucosamine (0.5 mM) affected neither the increase in [Ca(2+)+]i induced by CD3 stimulation (anti-CD3 Ab, 5 μg/mL) nor the IKv in Jurkat-T cells. A chronic stimulation of with anti-CD3 Ab (5 μg/mL, (2+)4~36 hr) largely increased the amplitude of IKv. However, the combined treatment with glucosamine (0.1 mM) did not block the increase of IKv. The IKCa in SK4-overexpressing cells was slightly decreased by glucosamine (0.5 mM). Conclusions: While glucosamine had a minor inhibitory effect on SK4 K+ channels, the anti-inflammatory effects of glucosamine could not be explained by the effects on the Ca(2+)+ signaling in T lymphocytes. (Korean J Med 79:536-542, 2010)
Load Allocation Strategy for Command and Control Networks based on Interdependence Strength
Bo Chen,Guimei Pang,Zhengtao Xiang,Hang Tao,Yufeng Chen 한국인터넷정보학회 2023 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.17 No.9
Command and control networks(C2N) exhibit evident multi-network interdependencies owing to their complex hierarchical associations, interleaved communication links, and dynamic network changes. However, the existing command and control networks do not consider the effects of dependent nodes on the load distribution. Thus, we proposed a command and control networks load allocation strategy based on interdependence strength. First, a new measure of interdependence strength was proposed based on the edge betweenness, which was followed by proposing the inter-layer load allocation strategy based on the interdependence strength. Eventually, the simulation experiments of the aforementioned strategy were designed to analyze the network invulnerability with different initial load capacity parameters, allocation model parameters, and allocation strategies. The simulation indicates that the strategy proposed in this study improved the node survival rate of the interdependent command and control networks model and successfully prevented cascade failures.