Usefulness of Milk Urea Concentration to Monitor the Herd Reproductive Performances in Crossbred Karan-fries Cows

Dhali, A.,Mishra, D.P.,Mehla, R.K.,Sirohi, S.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1

The study was undertaken to investigate the validity of milk urea concentration as an index of the reproductive performances in crossbred Karan-Fries (Holstein Friesian${\times}$Tharparkar) cows under farm condition. Milk urea was analysed in noon milk samples (1200 to 1300 h) to interrelate with the interval from parturition to first service, number of insemination per conception, first service conception rate and service period. Milk progesterone (P4) was analysed in noon milk samples on the day 1, 10, 20 and 30 post insemination to study the effect of milk urea concentration on early embryonic mortality. The interval from parturition to first service was found significantly (p<0.01) higher ($77.2{\pm}5.5$ days) when milk urea concentration was ${\geq}63.4mg/dl$. The average milk urea concentrations (mg/dl) were found $42.1{\pm}2.5$, $47.9{\pm}1.5$ and $50.3{\pm}3.1$, respectively in cows that conceived at $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ insemination. However, the variation was not statistically significant. The first insemination conception rate was found significantly (p<0.05) higher (68.8%) when milk urea level was ${\leq}32.4mg/dl$. The service period was found significantly (p<0.05) higher ($125.4{\pm}8.8$ days) when milk urea concentration was ${\geq}45.1mg/dl$. The milk P4 level indicated that the cows, those were detected as non-pregnant on day 60 post insemination were initially pregnant but the pregnancy was terminated sometime during the day 30 to 60 post insemination. The study indicates that the milk urea values may be used as an index of reproductive performances in dairy herd when individual animals are not being monitored for nutritional status. The altered milk urea values may be utilised by the farmers as ready reference to rectify the protein and energy nutrition in cows to achieve the better reproductive performances in herd.

Non-axisymmetric dynamic response of imperfectly bonded buried orthotropic pipelines

Dwivedi, J.P.,Mishra, B.K.,Upadhyay, P.C. Techno-Press 1998 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.6 No.3

This paper deals with the non-axisymmetric dynamic response of an imperfectly bonded buried orthotropic pipeline subjected to longitudinal wave (P-wave) excitation. An infinite cylindrical shell model, including the rotary inertia and shear deformation effects, has been used for the pipeline. For some cases comparison of axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric responses have also been furnished.

A Study on Effect of Carrying FecB Gene on Body Weight in Garole and Garole×Malpura Sheep

Kolte, A.P.,Mishra, A.K.,Kumar, S.,Arora, A.L.,Singh, V.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.10

High prolificacy in Garole sheep is due to existence of FecB mutation in an autosomal gene, bone morphogenetic protein receptor. The mutation enhances ovulation rate and in turn litter size in Garole sheep. Garole sires were crossed with non-prolific Malpura ewes with the aim to introduce prolificacy into Garole${\times}$Malpura (G${\times}$M) crosses through FecB introgression programme. In the present study, the effect of carrying booroola allele on litter size and live body weight was analyzed. The average litter size at birth was found to be 1.87 and 1.48 in the Garole and the G${\times}$M crosses, respectively. At weaning, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month of age, body weights were not affected by the presence of booroola allele (p>0.05); however, a significant effect (p<0.05) was found on body weight at birth in G${\times}$M crosses. In Garole sheep, no significant effect of FecB was observed on live weights in any age group. The interaction between the genetic group and the FecB genotype was also found to be non-significant.

Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Doe

Singh, N.S.,Gawande, P.G.,Mishra, O.P.,Nema, R.K.,Mishra, U.K.,Singh, Mohan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.6

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in early pregnancy diagnosis in goats. Ultrasonographic scanning with real time B-mode ultrasound machine having 5 MHz linear array transducer was performed on gravid uterus (n=24) obtained from slaughterhouse (Group I). Crown rump length (CRL) measured by ultrasound was found significantly different (p<0.05) with actual CRL measured after dissection in early pregnancy. However, age predicted by ultrasound through the measurement of CRL was found highly correlated (r=0.92) with age measured after dissection through CRL and the weight of fetus. Ages predicted by ultrasound through the measurement of trunk diameter (TD) and uterine diameter (UD) and ages measured after dissection were found highly and equally correlated (r=0.98) and did not differ significantly. Data from six does synchronized (Group II) with PGF2$\alpha$ (Estrumate) at 11 days apart were collected through ultrasound from 17 to 42 days post breding. The correlation between CRL and gestational age was high (r=0.97) in day 30 to 42 post breeding. A high coefficient of correlation (r=0.98) was also observed between predicated age by ultrasound and actual age calculated after kidding. The correlation between CRL and gestational age by the formula Y=(a+bX) i.e. Y=24.42+0.39 X where Y=gestational age and X=CRL, was recorded very high (r=0.99). Accuracy of ultrasonography was lowest on day 17 to 19 (66%) and reached 100% on day 34. Data from 30 does (group III) randomly subjected to only one time ultrasounds scanning to assess the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis were also obtained. Ages predicted by TD and UD measurements were observed to be non-significantly different with actual age obtained after kidding and correlation between ages predicted by TD and UD measurement with actual age after kidding was found equally and highly correlated (r=0.98). The operator's accuracy in the whole experiment including all three groups was found to be 92%. The sensitivity was 93% and specificity was 86%. From the present study, it was observed that CRL was the most reliable parameter to find out gestational age in early pregnancy and the new formula derived was found very accurate to find out gestational age. TD and UD were also found to be equally reliable parameter to find out gestational age in mid and late stage of pregnancy through ultrasonography. It was concluded that ultrasonography by real time B mode with 5 MHz transrectal transducer was found to be reliable, safe and accurate and practicable means in diagnosing early pregnancy diagnosis as early as 25 days post breeding.

Thermoelastic effect on inter-laminar embedded delamination characteristics in Spar Wingskin Joints made with laminated FRP composites

P.K. Mishra,A.K. Pradhan,M.K. Pandit,S.K. Panda 국제구조공학회 2020 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.35 No.3

This paper presents two sets of full three-dimensional thermoelastic finite element analyses of superimposed thermo-mechanically loaded Spar Wingskin Joints made with laminated Graphite Fiber Reinforced Plastic composites. The study emphasizes the influence of residual thermal stresses and material anisotropy on the inter-laminar delamination behavior of the joint structure. The delamination has been pre-embedded at the most likely location, i.e., in resin layer between the top and next ply of the fiber reinforced plastic laminated wingskin and near the spar overlap end. Multi-Point Constraint finite elements have been made use of at the vicinity of the delamination fronts. This helps in simulating the growth of the embedded delamination at both ends. The inter-laminar thermoelastic peel and shear stresses responsible for causing delamination damage due to a combined thermal and a static loading have been evaluated. Strain energy release rate components corresponding to the Mode I (opening), Mode II (sliding) and Mode III (tearing) of delamination are determined using the principle of Virtual Crack Closure Technique. These are seen to be different and non-self-similar at the two fronts of the embedded delamination. Residual stresses developed due to the thermoelastic anisotropy of the laminae are found to strongly influence the delamination onset and propagation characteristics, which have been reflected by the asymmetries in the nature of energy release rate plots and their significant variation along the delamination front.

Strain energy release rates in the curved spar wingskin joints with pre-embedded delaminations

P.K. Mishra,A.K. Pradhan,M.K. Pandit,S.K. Panda 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.87 No.1

Any pre-existed delamination defect present during manufacturing or induce during service loading conditions in the wingskin adherend invariably shows a greater loss of structural integrity of the spar wingskin joint (SWJ). In the present study, inter-laminar delamination propagation at the critical location of the SWJ has been carried out using contact and multi-point constraint finite elements available with commercial FE software (ANSYS APDL). Strain energy release rates (SERR) based on virtual crack closure technique have been computed for evaluation of the opening (Mode-I), sliding (Mode-II) and cross sliding (Mode-III) modes of delamination by sequential release of multi point constraint elements. The variations of different modes of SERR are observed to be significant by considering varied delamination lengths, material properties of adherends and radius of curvature of the SWJ panel. The SERR rates are seen to be much different at the two pre-embedded delamination ends. This shows dissimilar delamination propagation rates. The maximum is seen to occur in the delamination front in the unstiffened region of the wingskin. The curvature geometry and material anisotropy of SWJ adherends significantly influences the SERR values. Increase in the SERR values are observed with decrease in the radius of curvature of wingskin panel, keeping its width unchanged. SWJs made with flat FRP composite adherends have superior resistance to delamination damage propagation than curved composite laminated SWJ panels. SWJ made with Boron/Epoxy (B/E) material shows greater resistance to the delamination propagation.

Structural, dielectric and photoluminescence properties of co-precipitated Zn-doped SnO2 nanoparticles

P.P. Sahay,R.K. Mishra,S.N. Pandey,S. Jha,M. Shamsuddin 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.3

Zn-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical co-precipitation route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses of these prepared nanoparticles were carried out for structural and morphological studies. All the samples have been found to have tetragonal rutile structure of the polycrystalline SnO2 having crystallite size in the range 13e25 nm. TEM micrographs show agglomeration of nanoparticles in all the samples. At a particular temperature, the dielectric constant of all the samples has been found to decrease with increasing frequencies which may be due to rapid polarization processes occurring in SnO2 nanoparticles. The ac conductivity, s (u), has been found to vary with frequency according to the relation s (u) f uS. The value of S has been found to be temperature dependent, decreasing with increasing frequency which suggests that a hopping process is the most likely conduction mechanism in these nanoparticles. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the undoped and Zn-doped SnO2 nanoparticles consist of the near bandedge ultraviolet (UV) emission and the defect related visible emissions. The origin of emission peaks in the visible region is attributed to oxygen-related defects that are introduced during growth.

Estrus Behavior and Superovulatory Response in Black Bengal Goats (Capra hircus) Following Administration of Prostaglandin and Gonadotropins

Mishra, O.P.,Gawande, P.G.,Nema, R.K.,Tiwari, S.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.10

The present study was conducted to explore the possibilities of estrus induction and superovulation in a native Indian breed of goats called 'Black Bengal'. Forty-two adult non-pregnant females were divided in two groups, of which 18 goats were subjected to a superovulatory treatment comprising of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), Prostaglandin (PGF2$\alpha$) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce superovulation. The remaining 24 goats received no treatment and served as controls for the parameter under study as well as recipients for embryo transfer studies. The average duration of estrus was found to be significantly increased in treated goats (34.2${\pm}$3.4 h) compared to controls 3.0${\pm}$2.4 h). The average duration between PGF administration and occurrence of estrus was 2.0${\pm}$5.2 h. After mid ventral laparotomy, superovulatory responses indicated a significant increase in the number of follicles, which was 8.27${\pm}$0.37 in the treatment group compared to 4.16${\pm}$0.17 in the control group. The number of corpora lutea was also significantly increased in treated animals compared to control (2.90${\pm}$0.86 vs. 0.74${\pm}$0.04) respectively per ovary per goat.

N-H and S-H insertions over Cu(I)-zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts

Saha, P.,Jeon, H.,Mishra, P.K.,Rhee, H.W.,Kwak, J.H. Elsevier 2016 Journal of molecular catalysis Chemical Vol.417 No.-

<P>N-H and S-H insertion reactions of a-diazoesters into amines and thiols were conducted using various Cu(I)-zeolites, such as zeolite Y, Y USY, ZSM-5, and beta. All the Cu(I)-zeolites successfully catalyzed N-H insertion reactions with high product yields (70-82%) in aqueous solution at room temperature. Interestingly, Cu(l)-USY (Si/Al = 30) showed better activity for both N-H and S-H insertion reactions than Cu(I)-Y (Si/Al= 2.6), even though they have the same structure and the same +1 oxidation state for Cu. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy analysis of the fresh and used catalysts revealed that no noticeable change in the zeolite structure, oxidation state of Cu, or sintering of Cu occurred during the reactions. Furthermore, after being recycled four times, the catalysts showed only minor activity decreases, exhibiting conversion rates 70-80% of those of the fresh catalysts, demonstrating their stability under the current reaction conditions. Temperature programmed reduction experiments showed that reduction of Cu+ to Cu degrees occurred at ca. 300 degrees C over Cu(l)-USY, while it occurred at ca. 800 degrees C over Cu(I)-Y. The significantly higher activity of Cu(I)-USY than Cu(l)-Y may be due to the more electrophilic Cu centers on Cu(l)-USY, which is highly favorable for ylide formation, and therefore facilitates N-H and S-H insertions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Research Articles : Antifungal Activity of 2-Hydroxy 4,4`6`Trimethoxy Chalcone

( P. K. Mishra ),( B. K. Sarma ),( P. K. Singhai ),( U. P. Singh ) 한국균학회 2007 Mycobiology Vol.35 No.2