콘택트렌즈 보존 용기 유래 Acanthamoeba lugdunensis KA/L5주의 내공생세균

정동일,공현희,김태호,황미열,유학선,윤호철,설성용 경북대학교 의학연구소 1999 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.3 No.1

콘택트렌즈 보존 용기 유래 가시아메바 KA/L5주의 세포질 내에 존재하는 bacterial endosymbiont(내공생세균)를 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하여 확인하였다. 숙주인 가시아메바 KA/L5주는 형태학적으로 제2군에 속하였고, rDNA PCR-RFLP 결과 A. lugdunensis로 동정되었다. 미토콘드리아 DNA RFLP와 동위효소 분석상 이 충주는 국내 콘택트렌즈 보존용기에서 가장흔히 분리되는 type인 KA/Ll주, 국내 임상 분리주 중 하나인 KA/E2주, 내공생세균을 가지는 것으로 보고된 병원 냉각수 유래 KA/W4주 및 L3a주와 동일하거나 매우 유사한 성적을 보였다. 내공생세균은 약 1.38× 0.507㎛의 크기였고, 아메바 세포질 내에 불규칙하게 분포하고 있었으며. 그 표면에 아메바의 ribosome이 부착되어 있었다. 내공생세균을 둘러싼 lacunae나 막과 같은 구조는 관찰되지 않았다. Legionella 특이 primer를 이용한 효소중합반응(PCR)에서 내공생세균의 염색체 DNA는 증폭되지 않았다. A. lugdunensis의 우리말 이름을 담수가시아메바로 제안한다. Transmission electron microscopy of an Acanthamieba isolate (KA/L5) from a contact lens case revealed bacterial endosymbionts within cytoplasm of the amoebae, The Acanthamoeba isolate belonged to the morphological group II. Based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - restriction fragment length Polymorphism (RFLP) of 18S ribosomal RNA coding DNA (rDNA), the Isolate was identified as A. lugdunensis. Strain typing by isoenzyme analysis using isoelectric focusing (IEF) and mitochondrial (Mt) DNA RFLP revealed that the isolate was closely related with KA/Ll , the most predominant type of isolates from contact lens storage cases, KA/E2, a clinical isolate, KA/W4, preciously reported to host endosymbionts, and L3a strains of A. lugdunensis. The endosymbionts were similar to those of KA/W4 In aspects that they were randomly distributed in both trophozoites and cysts, and were rod-shaped bacteria measuring approximately 1.38x 0.50㎛. But the number of endosymbionts per amoeba was significantly lower than that of KA/W4. They were neither limited by phagosomal membranes nor included In lacunae- like structure.

Effect of Bee Venom Acupuncture on Oxaliplatin-Induced Cold Allodynia in Rats

Lim, Bong-Soo,Moon, Hak Jin,Li, Dong Xing,Gil, Munsoo,Min, Joon Ki,Lee, Giseog,Bae, Hyunsu,Kim, Sun Kwang,Min, Byung-Il Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-

<P>Oxaliplatin, a chemotherapy drug, often leads to neuropathic cold allodynia after a single administration. Bee venom acupuncture (BVA) has been used in Korea to relieve various pain symptoms and is shown to have a potent antiallodynic effect in nerve-injured rats. We examined whether BVA relieves oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia and which endogenous analgesic system is implicated. The cold allodynia induced by an oxaliplatin injection (6 mg/kg, i.p.) was evaluated by immersing the rat's tail into cold water (4°C) and measuring the withdrawal latency. BVA (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) at Yaoyangguan (GV3), Quchi (LI11), or Zusanli (ST36) acupoints significantly reduced cold allodynia with the longest effect being shown in the GV3 group. Conversely, a high dose of BVA (2.5 mg/kg) at GV3 did not show a significant antiallodynic effect. Phentolamine (<I><I>α</I></I>-adrenergic antagonist, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) partially blocked the relieving effect of BVA on allodynia, whereas naloxone (opioid antagonist, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) did not. We further confirmed that an intrathecal administration of idazoxan (<I><I>α</I></I><SUB>2</SUB>-adrenergic antagonist, 50 <I><I>μ</I></I>g) blocked the BVA-induced anti-allodynic effect. These results indicate that BVA alleviates oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia in rats, at least partly, through activation of the noradrenergic system. Thus, BVA might be a potential therapeutic option in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy.</P>

Preparation of lithium-doped NaV6O15 thin film cathodes with high cycling performance in SIBs

Xu Hai-Yan,Ruan Jun Hai,Liu Fang Lin,Li Dong-Cai,Zhang Feng-Jun,Wang Ai-Guo,Sun Dao-Sheng,오원춘 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.3

Lithium ions-doped NaV6O15 thin films have been prepared using a simple low temperature liquid phase deposition method and subsequent annealing process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning elec- tron microscopy (SEM), and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to study the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the NaV6O15 film. The films were grown on the FTO conductive glass and used directly as an electrode of sodium ion batteries. The prepared lithium ions-doped NaV6O15 thin film electrodes showed an excellent cycling stability and discharge capacity, which may be attributed to the stability of the Li+ embedded into the gap between the V–O layers to maintain the structure and its stable β-phase structure transformed after the first cycle. The cycling stability greatly improved with increasing annealing temperature, while the discharge capacity decreased. The capacities of the film electrodes annealed at 400 °C and 450 °C maintained above 97% after 100 cycles. The lithium-doped NaV6O15 underwent a phase transition dur- ing the first charge/discharge cycle. The new transformed phase has perfect crystal structure stability undergoing insertion and deinsertion of Na+. Therefore, the lithium-doped NaV6O15 thin film possesses good cycling stability and is expected to be a promising thin film cathode for sodium-ion batteries.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron for metal/metalloid removal from model hydraulic fracturing wastewater

Sun, Yuqing,Lei, Cheng,Khan, Eakalak,Chen, Season S.,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Ok, Yong Sik,Lin, Daohui,Feng, Yujie,Li, Xiang-dong Elsevier 2017 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.176 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was tested for the removal of Cu(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), and As(V) in model saline wastewaters from hydraulic fracturing. Increasing ionic strength (<I>I</I>) from 0.35 to 4.10 M (Day-1 to Day-90 wastewaters) increased Cu(II) removal (25.4–80.0%), inhibited Zn(II) removal (58.7–42.9%), slightly increased and then reduced Cr(VI) removal (65.7–44.1%), and almost unaffected As(V) removal (66.7–75.1%) by 8-h reaction with nZVI at 1–2 g L<SUP>−1</SUP>. The removal kinetics conformed to pseudo-second-order model, and increasing <I>I</I> decreased the surface area-normalized rate coefficient (<I>k</I> <SUB> <I>sa</I> </SUB>) of Cu(II) and Cr(VI), probably because agglomeration of nZVI in saline wastewaters restricted diffusion of metal(loid)s to active surface sites. Increasing <I>I</I> induced severe Fe dissolution from 0.37 to 0.77% in DIW to 4.87–13.0% in Day-90 wastewater; and Fe dissolution showed a significant positive correlation with Cu(II) removal. With surface stabilization by alginate and polyvinyl alcohol, the performance of entrapped nZVI in Day-90 wastewater was improved for Zn(II) and Cr(VI), and Fe dissolution was restrained (3.20–7.36%). The X-ray spectroscopic analysis and chemical speciation modelling demonstrated that the difference in removal trends from Day-1 to Day-90 wastewaters was attributed to: (i) distinctive removal mechanisms of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) (adsorption, (co-)precipitation, and reduction), compared to Zn(II) (adsorption) and As(V) (bidentate inner-sphere complexation); and (ii) changes in solution speciation (e.g., from Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> to ZnCl<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> and ZnCl<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>; from CrO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP> to CaCrO<SUB>4</SUB> complex). Bare nZVI was susceptible to variations in wastewater chemistry while entrapped nZVI was more stable and environmentally benign, which could be used to remove metals/metalloids before subsequent treatment for reuse/disposal.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> nZVI could remove Cu(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), and As(V) from fracturing wastewaters. </LI> <LI> High salinity enhanced Fe dissolution and reduced removal rates except Cu(II). </LI> <LI> nZVI entrapment mitigated Fe dissolution and improved metal(loid) removal. </LI> <LI> Removal efficiency varied with interaction mechanisms and solution speciation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Zero-valent iron for the abatement of arsenate and selenate from flowback water of hydraulic fracturing

Sun, Yuqing,Chen, Season S.,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Graham, Nigel J.D.,Ok, Yong Sik,Feng, Yujie,Li, Xiang-Dong Elsevier 2017 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.167 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was tested for the removal of 150 μg L<SUP>−1</SUP> As(V) and 350 μg L<SUP>−1</SUP> Se(VI) in high-salinity (ionic strength 0.35–4.10 M) flowback water of hydraulic fracturing. Over 90% As(V) and Se(VI) was removed by 2.5 g L<SUP>−1</SUP> ZVI in Day-14 flowback water up to 96-h reaction, with the remaining concentration below the maximum contaminant level for As(V) and criterion continuous concentration for Se(VI) recommended by US EPA. The kinetics of As(V) and Se(VI) removal followed a pseudo-second-order rate expression with the observed rates of 4.51 × 10<SUP>−2</SUP>–4.91 × 10<SUP>−1</SUP> and 3.48 × 10<SUP>−2</SUP>–6.58 × 10<SUP>−1</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP> (with 0.5–10 g L<SUP>−1</SUP> ZVI), respectively. The results showed that Se(VI) removal significantly decreased with increasing ionic strength, while As(V) removal showed little variation. Common competing anions (nitrate, bicarbonate, silicate, and phosphate), present in shallow groundwater and stormwater, caused marginal Se(VI) desorption (2.42 ± 0.13%) and undetectable As(V) desorption from ZVI. The competition between As(V) and Se(VI) for ZVI removal depended on the initial molar ratio and surface sites, which occurred when the Se(VI) concentration was higher than the As(V) concentration in this study. The characterization of As(V)- and Se(VI)-loaded ZVI by X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis revealed that ZVI gradually converted to magnetite/maghemite corrosion products with lepidocrocite in flowback water over 30 days. Similar corrosion compositions were confirmed in aerobic and anaerobic conditions regardless of the molar ratio of As(V) to Se(VI). The high reactivity and stability of ZVI showed its suitability for <I>in-situ</I> prevention of As(V) and Se(VI) migration due to accidental leakage, spillage, or overflow of flowback water.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> As(V) and Se(VI) in high-salinity flowback water was effectively removed by ZVI. </LI> <LI> As(V) removal was less susceptible to ionic strength variations than Se(V). </LI> <LI> Competing anions in groundwater and stormwater caused insignificant desorption. </LI> <LI> As(V) and Se(VI) competition depended on their molar ratio and ZVI surface sites. </LI> <LI> Surface characteristics of ZVI were unaffected by molar ratio and dissolved oxygen. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Aging effects on chemical transformation and metal(loid) removal by entrapped nanoscale zero-valent iron for hydraulic fracturing wastewater treatment

Sun, Yuqing,Lei, Cheng,Khan, Eakalak,Chen, Season S.,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Ok, Yong Sik,Lin, Daohui,Feng, Yujie,Li, Xiang-dong Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.615 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-alginate entrapped nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was tested for structural evolution, chemical transformation, and metals/metalloids removal (Cu(II), Cr(VI), Zn(II), and As(V)) after 1–2month passivation in model saline wastewaters from hydraulic fracturing. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed successful prevention of Fe<SUP>0</SUP> corrosion by polymeric entrapment. Increasing ionic strength (<I>I</I>) from 0 to 4.10M (deionized water to Day-90 fracturing wastewater (FWW)) with prolonged aging time induced chemical instability of alginate due to dissociation of carboxyl groups and competition for hydrogen bonding with nZVI, which caused high Na (7.17%) and total organic carbon (24.6%) dissolution from PVA-alginate entrapped nZVI after 2-month immersion in Day-90 FWW. Compared to freshly-made beads, 2-month aging of PVA-alginate entrapped nZVI in Day-90 FWW promoted Cu(II) and Cr(VI) uptake in terms of the highest removal efficiency (84.2% and 70.8%), pseudo-second-order surface area-normalized rate coefficient <I>k</I> <SUB> <I>sa</I> </SUB> (2.09×10<SUP>−1</SUP> Lm<SUP>−2</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP> and 1.84×10<SUP>−1</SUP> Lm<SUP>−2</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP>), and Fe dissolution after 8-h reaction (13.9% and 8.45%). However, the same conditions inhibited Zn(II) and As(V) sequestration in terms of the lowest removal efficiency (31.2% and 39.8%) by PVA-alginate nZVI and <I>k</I> <SUB> <I>sa</I> </SUB> (4.74×10<SUP>−2</SUP> Lm<SUP>−2</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP> and 6.15×10<SUP>−2</SUP> Lm<SUP>−2</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP>) by alginate nZVI. The X-ray spectroscopic analysis and chemical speciation modelling demonstrated that the difference in metals/metalloids removal by entrapped nZVI after aging was attributed to distinctive removal mechanisms: (i) enhanced Cu(II) and Cr(VI) removal by nZVI reduction with accelerated electron transfer after pronounced dissolution of non-conductive polymeric immobilization matrix; (ii) suppressed Zn(II) and As(V) removal by nZVI adsorption due to restrained mass transfer after blockage of surface-active micropores. Entrapped nZVI was chemically fragile and should be properly stored and regularly replaced for good performance.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> nZVI entrapment successfully prevented Fe<SUP>0</SUP> corrosion in fracturing wastewaters. </LI> <LI> Entrapped nZVI was chemically fragile due to dissolution of Na and TOC. </LI> <LI> nZVI passivation promoted Cu(II) and Cr(VI) but inhibited Zn(II) and As(V) removal. </LI> <LI> Effects of nZVI aging on removal efficiency depended on interaction mechanisms. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Insights into the subsurface transport of As(V) and Se(VI) in produced water from hydraulic fracturing using soil samples from Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, China

Chen, Season S.,Sun, Yuqing,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Graham, Nigel J.D.,Ok, Yong Sik,Feng, Yujie,Li, Xiang-Dong Elsevier 2017 Environmental pollution Vol.223 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Produced water is a type of wastewater generated from hydraulic fracturing, which may pose a risk to the environment and humans due to its high ionic strength and the presence of elevated concentrations of metals/metalloids that exceed maximum contamination levels. The mobilization of As(V) and Se(VI) in produced water and selected soils from Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin in China were investigated using column experiments and synthetic produced water whose quality was representative of waters arising at different times after well creation. Temporal effects of produced water on metal/metalloid transport and sorption/desorption were investigated by using HYDRUS-1D transport modelling. Rapid breakthrough and long tailings of As(V) and Se(VI) transport were observed in Day 1 and Day 14 solutions, but were reduced in Day 90 solution probably due to the elevated ionic strength. The influence of produced water on the hydrogeological conditions (i.e., change between equilibrium and non-equilibrium transport) was evidenced by the change of tracer breakthrough curves before and after the leaching of produced water. This possibly resulted from the sorption of polyacrylamide (PAM (-CH<SUB>2</SUB>CHCONH<SUB>2</SUB>-)<SUB>n</SUB>) onto soil surfaces, through its use as a friction reducer in fracturing solutions. The sorption was found to be reversible in this study. Minimal amounts of sorbed As(V) were desorbed whereas the majority of sorbed Se(VI) was readily leached out, to an extent which varied with the composition of the produced water. These results showed that the mobilization of As(V) and Se(VI) in soil largely depended on the solution pH and ionic strength. Understanding the differences in metal/metalloid transport in produced water is important for proper risk management.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Earlier breakthrough of metals with increasing ionic strength of flowback solutions. </LI> <LI> Two-region physical non-equilibrium model provided a good fit of metal transport. </LI> <LI> Less non-equilibrium transport in Day 14 and Day 90 than Day 1 flowback solutions. </LI> <LI> Tracer tests indicated reversible change of transport channels due to leaching. </LI> <LI> Sorption/desorption of As(V) and Se(VI) was both pH- and ionic strength-dependent. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections after Liver Resec-tion (A Multivariate Analysis of 6,132 Patients)

( Li-yang Sun ),( Jiong-jie Yu ),( Ju-dong Li ),( Xin-fei Xu ),( Jia-he Wang ),( Bing Quan ),( Wen-tao Yan ),( Feng Shen ),( Chao Li ),( Lei Liang ),( Tian Yang ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common postoperative complication and associated with an increased morbidity, hospital stay, and overall cost. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for SSIs after hepatic resection based on a large single-center cohort. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of 6,132 patients who underwent liver resection without concomitant biliary reconstruction or gastrointestinal procedures between 2014 and 2016 at the largest hepatic center in China. The occurrences of SSI, classified as incisional SSI and organ/space SSI within 30 days after operation were investigated. Patient- and surgical-related risk variables were collected using standardized data collection form. A likelihood ratio forward regression model was used to assess the independent association of risk factors with SSI. Results: SSI developed in 587 patients (9.6%), including superficial/deep incisional SSI in 357 patients (5.8 %), and organ/ space SSI in 304 patients (5.0 %). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that obesity, diabetes mellitus, ASA score ≥ 2, liver cirrhosis, re-hepatectomy, hepatoliathiasis, and intraoperative blood transfusion were independent risk factors of overall SSI. However, incisional and organ/space SSI differed from each other with respect to risk factors. Among a variety of risk factors, hepatolithiasis, liver cirrhosis, and intraoperative blood transfusion were consistently associated with both incisional and organ/space SSI. Conclusions: SSI is a common complication after liver resection, and more caution should be taken in patients with hepatolithiasis or liver cirrhosis. Prevention strategies focusing on factors associated with SSI is necessary in order to reduce SSI after liver resection.

Purification and Characterization of Cathepsin B from the Gut of the Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicas)

Li-Ming Sun,Bei-Wei Zhu,Hai-tao Wu,Lei Yu,Da-Yong Zhou,Xiuping Dong,Jing-Feng Yang,Dong-Mei Li,Wen-Xiu Ye,Yoshiyuki Murata 한국식품과학회 2011 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.20 No.4

Cathepsin B from the gut of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicas) was purified 81-fold with a 3%recovery by ammonium sulfate fractionation and a series chromatography on DEAE Sepharose CL-6B, Sephadex G-75, and TSK-Gel 3000 SWxl. The purified protein appeared as a single band on Native-PAGE but showed 2bands of 23 and 26 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The optimum activity was found at pH 5.5 and 45°C. The enzyme was stable at pH 4.5-6.0 and the thermal stability was up to 50oC. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by E-64, iodoacetic acid, and antipain, demonstrating it is a cysteine protease containing sulfhydryl groups. Cu^2+, Ni^2+, and Zn^2+ could strongly inhibit the enzyme activity. The amino acid sequences of the purified enzyme were acquired by mass spectrometer, which did not show any homology with previously described cathepsins, suggesting it may be a novel member.

Probability-based Robust Optimal PI Control for Shell Gasifier in IGCC Power Plants

Li Sun,Donghai Li,Junyi Dong,Makeximu 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

In order to achieve a robust control performance of the gasifier which has dynamic characteristics of multi-variable coupling, large inertia and multi-disturbance, an optimization method for decentralized PID/PI controller parameters based on probabilistic robustness is developed. First, the control structure and target of the Shell gasifier is analyzed and a crude model is introduced. Model uncertainties and other detailed industrial requirements could be considered at the same time in the method. The probability of satisfaction with the dynamic performance is computed statistically, and then it is presented as the objective function to optimize the controller parameters based on genetic algorithm. The Monte Carlo experiment was applied to test the robustness of the control system. In comparison with the tuning methods based on internal model control (IMC) and the optimization algorithm under the nominal model, simulation results show the method could exploit the potentialities of PID/PI controllers in a maximal probability.