성장기 Ⅲ급 부정교합의 고정식 교정 치료 후의 안정성

임용규,이주나,김정일,이동렬 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.4

본 연구에서는 성장기 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정 교합 환자의 치료 전 측모 두부방사선 계측사진에서 얻을 수 있는 골격성, 치성 분석을 통하여 안정군과 재발군을 구별하여 주는 요소를 찾아 보아 Ⅲ급 부정 교합의 치료시 안정성을 고려한 치료 선택에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 고정식 교정 장치를 통한 전치부 반대 교합 혹은 절단 교합의 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합 치료 후 최소 1년 동안 안정된 결과를 보인 안정군 33명과 관찰 기간 동안 절단 교합 이하의 수평 피개를 보인 재발군 22명을 연구 대상으로 하여 비교하였으며, t-test를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전후방적 골격 형태보다는 수직적 형태, 특히 AB-maxillo-mandibular triangle내의 수직적 형태가 Ⅲ급 부정 교합 치료의 예후에 주요한 결정 인자로 나타났다. 수직 각도 계측 항목에 의한 안정군과 재발군간의 비교에서 유의성 있는 차이를 보인 항목은 AB-MP, ODI로 나타났다(P<0.01). 수직 비율 계측 항목에서도 MP-P/AL, PP-P/AL항목이 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 2. 재발의 경향은 교합 평면 특히, 하악 교합 평면이 전하방으로 급경사를 이룰수록 증가했다. 교합 평면 경사도와 관련된 계측 항목에 의한 안정군과 재발군간의 비교에서 OP(L)-PP, OP-PP, AB-PP(L), Wits appraisal 항목이 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 본 연구는 전후방 부조화가 아닌 골격성, 치성 수직 부조화가 재발을 예측하는 적절한 기준이 됨을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of relapse in orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion in growing patients. A total of 55 patients were studied and all subjects were divided into two groups according to their stability in the post-treatment stage. Of the sample, 33 patients were included in the stable group and the remaining 22 were assigned to the relapse group. Cephalometric data of the pre-treatment stage was taken and compared between the stable and relapse group. The following results were obtained through t-test: 1. This study presented statistical evidence to show that the major skeletal determinant of prognosis in Class Ⅲ orthodontic treatment was not anteroposterior discrepancy but vertical discrepancy, especially within the AB-maxillo-mandibular triangle. Vertical angular measurements that showed statistically significant differences were AB-NIP and ODI(P<0.01) and the vertical ratio measurements were NIP-P/AL and PP-P/AL(P<0.05). 2. Relapse tendency increased with the steep occlusal plane, especially the steep lower occlusal plane. As to occlusal plane, there were statistically significant differences in OP(L)-PP, OP-PP, AB-OP(L) and Wits appraisal(P<0.05). This study claimed that anteroposterior discrepancy was not necessarily the proper criteria to predict relapse. Vertical discrepancy had a significant effect on post-treatment stability.

Effective Patent Strategies for the Protection of Research Results

Dong Kyu Na 대한인간공학회 2015 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.34 No.5

Objective: This study provides strategies of how to effectively convert an invention, created at universities or government-funded research institutes, into a strong patent with the clear understanding of its unique technological characteristics. Background: Regardless of the amount of research funds available in our country and the decent number of intellectual property rights created using the funds, there was a deficit of more than KRW 6 trillion in the technology trade balance related with intellectual property rights in the year of 2014. One of the reasons was that the vast number of patents that were being produced by universities or by governmentfunded research institutes were merely performance-based patents, namely, so called "patents for patents". Another reason is that developed technology from research and development could not be transformed into a strong patent right properly due to the lack of related knowledge. Method: After reviewing various references mentioned on the patent strategies, the definition of a strong patent and the strategies of producing a strong patent for an invention drawn out from research performance will be supplied. Results: To produce a strong patent right at universities or government funded research institutes, one should use strategies for strong specifications, strategies of product patents and method patents, strategies of patent portfolios, strategies of know-how, strategies of inventions defined by numerical limitation and strategies of parameter inventions for a more strategic approach. Conclusion: Strong patent rights will be produced with the use of effective patent strategies provided in this study. Application: It is estimated that the results of this study will aid the establishment of strong patents for inventions developed by research performance at universities or government-funded research institutions.

In Garmin v. Cuozzo Speed Tech case,¹ the PTAB Issues the First Decision in an Inter Partes Review Proceeding

( Na Dong-kyu ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2013 동북아법 Vol.7 No.-

Identifying Korean Sport for Development

( Dong Kyu Na ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

In recent years, sport researchers have been interested in the sport for development (SFD) movement. The key development in SFD practices, however, is characterized by the shift of its domestic recipients to one focused more on international development initiatives. However, the contemporary meaning of SFD tends to focus on international development, leaving a sense of its absence by Korean sport researchers still focused on its domestic use. One problem may come from the confusion of SFD as a research term. Korean sport researchers rarely mention SFD although some of these research initiatives clearly resemble SFD practices. For example, the cases used in analysis process and/or analytic results of sports diplomacy research closely link to SFD programs. These researchers may simply have interpreted SFD within the paradigms of sport diplomacy. Therefore, the clarification of this concept might broaden Korean sport research in such a way to distinguish between sports diplomacy and SFD research practices. It may also encourage more attention to the developmental purposes of these initiatives as well. In addition, Korean sport research has mainly been limited to empirical descriptions and assessments rather than actual theory whereas Western SFD research enjoys a rich diversity of theoretical frameworks. In this paper, I explained SFD by distinguishing its characteristics in relation to sport development and sport diplomacy. I then analyzed the existing relevant literature on SFD in Korean research, and propose an explanation as to why Korean researchers have focused on the developmental effects and critiques of sporting event and diplomacy. In addition to that, I expanded the argument to why the research regarding SFD is necessary for Korean sports research. I also delineated how SFD has been studied in Western research by focusing on theory and/or concepts used to guide the research and analysis of results. It would be also helpful to identify the possibilities of applying theoretical approaches to the Korean SFD research. It is the hope that this paper, as the first step for studying Korean SFD research, can begin to lay the groundwork for future SFD research in Korea.

제습위령탕가미방(除濕胃笭湯加味方)이 NC/Nga mice의 아토피 발진 억제에 미치는 실험적 연구

나동규 ( Dong Kyu Na ),김윤희 ( Yun Hee Kim ),한재경 ( Jae Kyung Han ) 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2007 혜화의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

대학 직무발명 보상금 비과세제도에 대한 제언

나동규(Na, Dong-Kyu) 한국산학기술학회 2013 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.11

대학으로부터 교직원에게 지급되는 직무발명에 대한 보상금은 어떤 종류의 소득으로 정의되는지에 따라 과 세의 대상이 될 수도 있고 비과세의 대상이 될 수도 있다. 정부는 산업교육 진흥 및 산학연협력 촉진에 관한 법률 및 기술의 이전 및 사업화 촉진법을 제정하여 대학에서 생산된 기술을 산업계로 이전하여, 연구생산성을 높이고 산학 간 협력을 증진시키려는 노력을 해 오고 있다. 그러나 정부부처간의 법 해석의 차이로 인해 대학이 교직원들에게 지급하 는 직무발명 보상금에 대한 과세의 혼선이 초래되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 이와 관련하여 대학의 직무발명 보상금 비 과세제도를 둘러싼 부처 간의 갈등과정을 법해석의 차원에서 고찰하고, 비과세제도의 집행효과를 개인소득세 감면의 차원에서 분석한 후, 이를 근거로 제도의 정착을 위해 정부에 대한 제언을 직무발명 보상금의 제도 개선 차원에서 도출하였다. The compensation for employee invention from the university can be taxed or non-taxed depending on the classification of the type of income. The government legislated the Promotion of Industrial Education and Industry-Academic Cooperation Act and the Technology Transfer and Commercialization Promotion Act in order to improve the research productivity of universities and industrial-academic collaboration via transferring the technologies. However, the confusion with taxation on the compensation of employee invention from the university has been incurred due to the difference of legal interpretation between government bureaus. In this research, bureaucratic conflict on the non-taxation scheme is examined in a legal aspect and the effect of non-taxation scheme is also studied in aspect to personal tax exemption. Finally, some suggestions are provided for the purpose of settlement of the non-taxation scheme in order to improve employee invention from the university.

제약업종 부산물 및 화장품 제조업 폐수처리오니 처리토양에 대한 유기화합물 및 Bioassay 분석 평가

임동규 ( Dong Kyu Lim ),이상범 ( Sang Beom Lee ),이승환 ( Seung Hwan Lee ),남재작 ( Jae Jak Nam ),나영은 ( Young Eun Na ),권장식 ( Jang Sik Kwon ),권순익 ( Soon Ik Kwon ),소규호 ( Kyu Ho So ) 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.4

This study was conducted to assessment organic compound and bioassay (density of inhabited animal, fluctuation of predominant fungi, and survival ratio of earthworm) for finding damage on red pepper by heavily amount application of sludges in soil, which was treated with 3 pharmaceutical byproducts and a cosmetic industry wastewater sludge as raw materials of compost, and for establishing estimation method. HEM contents in the soil treated with pharmaceutical byproducts sludge2 (PS2) and cosmetic sludge (CS) were 0.51, 1.10 mg/kg respectively. PAHs content of PS2 treatment in the soil was 3406.8 ug/kg on July 8. In abundance of soil faunas, the pharmaceutical byproducts sludge2 treatment was the most highest. The next was decreased in the order of pig manure (PM) and the cosmetic sludge treatment. However the other pharmaceutical sludge treatments were remarkably reduced populations of soil inhabited animals. In upland soil treated with organic sludges, the numbers of bacteria and fungi of the pharmaceutical sludge treatment were 736, 909 cfu/g and those of the cosmetic sludge treatment were 440, 236 cfu/g, respectively. The pharmaceutical sludge treatments and the cosmetic sludge treatment in identification of predominant bacteria were not any tendency to compare with non fertilizer and pig manure treatments, but they had diverse bacteria than NPK treatment. In microcosm tests, the survival of the tiger earthworm in five soil samples was hardly affected against the soil of PSI (20%) after three months treated in the upland. But after six months, survival of PSI was 80%. At present, raw material of compost was authorized by contents of organic matter, heavy metal (8 elements), and product processing according to The specified gist on possible materials of using after analysis and investigation among raw materials of compost, however, for preparing to change regulation of raw material of compost and for considering to possibility of application, this study was conducted to investigate toxic organic compound and bioassay methods using inhabited animal, fungi, and earthworm without current regulation.

대학의 지식재산권 관리규정 상 학생의 공동발명 처리에 관한 연구

나동규(Na, Dong-Kyu) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.11

대학에서 교수의 연구활동을 통해서 창출되는 발명은 직무발명으로서 그 발명에 대한 특허 받을 권리는 대학의 산학 협력단에 승계되고, 교수는 그 대가로 정당한 보상을 받을 권리를 갖는다. 교수의 연구활동은 교수가 단독으로 수행하는 경우 보다는 대부분이 학생의 직·간접적인 기여나 참여를 통해 수행된다. 대학에서 학생의 발명자 기여분은 직무발명으로 취급될 수도 있지만, 경우에 따라서는 교수의 직무발명과 달리 자유발명으로 취급될 수도 있다. 따라서 학생의 특허 받을 권리에 대한 산학협력단의 일방적인 승계는 향후 학교와 학생 간의 분쟁의 여지를 발생시킨다. 이에 본 연구에서는 학생의 발명자 기여분에 대한 처리에 있어서 전국 80개 대학의 지식재산권 관리규정을 조사한 후 문제점을 확인하고 이에 대한 바람직한 방향을 제시한다. An invention produced through research by a professor at a university is an employee invention, and the industrial academy cooperation foundation of the university has the right to obtain a patent. The professor, in return, obtains the right to receive reasonable compensation for that invention. Research was carried out mostly by the cooperation and participation of students rather than the solitary performance of the professor. The contributory portion of the student to an invention can be treated as an employee invention, but occasionally it is considered a free invention. Therefore, the unilateral succession to the right to obtain a patent to the industrial academy cooperation foundation highlights the potential disputes between the university and students in the future. Therefore, in this study, the intellectual properties management codes of 80 universities were reviewed and analyzed for any possible problems and the appropriate directions to the codes' amendments are suggested.

지리적표시 단체표장의 위조상표 단속 강화방안

나동규 ( Dong Kyu Na ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구원 2015 과학기술법연구 Vol.21 No.2

The Special Judicial Police Force for Trademark of Korean Intellectual Property established in 2010, in order to regulate counterfeit trademark, have always been 97% weighted towards regulating and protecting foreign brands. Due to this phenomenon, it is only natural that the Special Judicial Police Force for Trademark of Korean uses more of its budget and places more effort into regulating and protecting foreign brands, neglecting its duty to korean brands. Meanwhile, the Korean Intellectual Property Office established the Geographical Indication Collective Mark in 2005, in order to protect the rights of local product brands in Korea, and began actively enforcing budget support to further encourage its rights. In result, nearing the end 2014, there were 298 registrations of the Geographical Indication Collective Mark, and the numbers have been increasing every year since. However, despite the positive feedback, it is still evident that the efforts of the Korean Intellectual Property Office for the illegal use of regional brands in korea are close to non-existent. In situations like this, the active involvement of the Special Judicial Police Force for Trademark of Korean is crucial in order to enforce the rights and prevent violation of the Geographical Indication Collective Mark. It is expected that the regulation placed from the Special Judicial Police Force for Trademark of Korean (with the help of the Geographical Indication Collective Mark) on Korean brands will alleviate to some degree, the heavy bias present towards foreign brands. With the measures taken to strengthen the enforcement of the Geographical Indication Collective Mark, its goal of protecting the expected profit of consumer for real goods, allowing maintenance of credit of producer groups, and further activating the local economy must be fulfilled.

미국 소프트웨어 특허의 인정범위 -Alice Corporation v. CLS Bank International 판결을 중심으로-

나동규 ( Dong Kyu Na ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2014 홍익법학 Vol.15 No.4

Recently, a notable judgement( Alice Corporation v. CLS Bank International) which is able to change the criteria of patent eligibility came out from the Supreme Court of the United State of America. The issuing patents are for mitigating settlement risk by using a computerized trading platform for conducting financial transactions in which a third party settles obligations between two other parties to eliminate the risk. The Supreme Court held that the patents are invalid because the claims were drawn to an abstract idea, and implementing those claims on a computer was not enough to transform that idea to a patentable invention. According Alice case, in order to analyze the judical exceptions which are nature of law, natural phenomena and abstract idea under the 35 U.S.C. § 101 for the subject matter eligibility, Mayo framework has been introduced. It is expected that the influence of software patent rights is getting weaker than before in the United State of America because of Alice case. As the ground of non-eligibility of software invention is established, the measure is prepared to invalidate any software invention directed to abstract idea in order to weaken the patent trolls` litigation. Therefore, the problem of litigation abusement of patent trolls would be expected to be solved partially. Also, the Alice case is going to affect judgments of the related cases in Korea, as well as Japan and other countries which have been influenced by the patent policy of the United States of America.