Two Small Intravenous Catheters for High-Rate Contrast Medium Injection for Computed Tomography in Patients Lacking Superficial Veins to Accommodate a Large Catheter

Bum Gu Son,Min Jung Kim,Myeung Hwa Park,Kyoungsook Kim,Jiyu Kim,Se-Young Kim,이경진,Sang Hyun Choi,Ah Young Kim,박성호 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.3

Objective: To prospectively investigate the feasibility of using 2 small intravenous catheters for high-rate computed tomography (CT) contrast injection in patients lacking superficial veins capable of accommodating ≤ 20-gauge catheters. Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight consecutive eligible adults referred for dynamic liver CT were enrolled; 58 had previously undergone liver CT, including 8 that experienced extravasation. Two 22- or 24-gauge catheters were placed in all patients after 2−5 venipunctures, and 2 mL/kg of contrast agent (370 mg I/mL) was split-administered through both catheters to achieve total flow rate of 4 mL/s. Patients’ experience and examination success rate, defined as uneventful scans completed at 4 mL/s or at < 4 mL/s achieving standard image quality in all phases, were analyzed. Quantitative hepatic signal-to-noise and hepatic vascular contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were compared with 30 control examinations scanned at 4 mL/s using an 18-gauge catheter. Results: One case each of extravasation and severe injection pain caused the examination to be aborted. Success rate was 88.2% (60/68; 54 patients scanned at 4 mL/s, 6 at 3.5−3.9 mL/s). Fifty-five of 58 patients (94.8%) that had past CT regarded the venipuncture as more tolerable than (n = 36) or similar to (n = 19) past experiences; 45 of 58 patients (77.6%) found contrast injection less painful than (n = 35) or similar to (n = 10) past experiences. When compared with control examinations, signal-to-noise ratio was similar in all phases (p ≥ 0.502), but the hepatic arterial CNR in arterial phase was slightly inferior (p ≤ 0.047). Conclusion: Using 2 small intravenous catheters can effectively achieve high-rate CT contrast injection in patients lacking adequate superficial veins.

A Conceptual Approach for Discovering Proportions of Disjunctive Routing Patterns in a Business Process Model

( Kyoungsook Kim ),( Moonsuk Yeon ),( Byeongsoo Jeong ),( Kwanghoon Kim ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.2

The success of a business process management system stands or falls on the quality of the business processes. Many experiments therefore have been devoting considerable attention to the modeling and analysis of business processes in process-centered organizations. One of those experiments is to apply the probabilistic theories to the analytical evaluations of business process models in order to improve their qualities. In this paper, we excogitate a conceptual way of applying a probability theory of proportions into modeling business processes. There are three types of routing patterns such as sequential, disjunctive, conjunctive and iterative routing patterns in modeling business processes, into which the proportion theory is applicable. This paper focuses on applying the proportion theory to the disjunctive routing patterns, in particular, and formally named proportional information control net that is the formal representation of a corresponding business process model. In this paper, we propose a conceptual approach to discover a proportional information control net from the enactment event histories of the corresponding business process, and describe the details of a series of procedural frameworks and operational mechanisms formally and graphically supporting the proposed approach. We strongly believe that the conceptual approach with the proportional information control net ought to be very useful to improve the quality of business processes by adapting to the reengineering and redesigning the corresponding business processes.

Mitochondria-associated hexokinases play a role in the control of programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Kim, Moonil,Lim, Jeong-Hwa,Ahn, Chang Sook,Park, Kyoungsook,Kim, Gyung Tae,Kim, Woo Taek,Pai, Hyun-Sook American Society of Plant Physiologists 2006 The Plant cell Vol.18 No.9

<P>Recent findings suggest a pivotal role for mitochondria-associated hexokinase in the regulation of apoptosis in animal cells. In this study, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of a hexokinase-encoding Hxk1 caused necrotic lesions on leaves, abnormal leaf morphology, and retarded plant growth in Nicotiana benthamiana. Hxk1 was associated with the mitochondria, and this association required the N-terminal membrane anchor. VIGS of Hxk1 reduced the cellular glucose-phosphorylating activity to approximately 31% of control levels without changing the fructose-phosphorylating activity and did not alter hexose phosphate content severely. The affected cells showed programmed cell death (PCD) morphological markers, including nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Similar to animal cell apoptosis, cytochrome c was released into the cytosol and caspase-9- and caspase-3-like proteolytic activities were strongly induced. Furthermore, based on flow cytometry, Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing Arabidopsis HXK1 and HXK2, both of which are predominantly associated with mitochondria, exhibited enhanced resistance to H(2)O(2)- and alpha-picolinic acid-induced PCD. Finally, the addition of recombinant Hxk1 to mitochondria-enriched fractions prevented H(2)O(2)/clotrimazole-induced cytochrome c release and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Together, these results show that hexokinase critically regulates the execution of PCD in plant cells, suggesting a link between glucose metabolism and apoptosis.</P>

The Carnival of the Repressed Others: Re-Reading Joyce’s “Circe” through Bakhtin

( Kyoungsook Kim ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2017 제임스조이스저널 Vol.23 No.2

Although there is no clear evidence for any direct acquaintance or influence between James Joyce and Mikhail Bakhtin, Joyce’s works can be read through Bakhtin’s theories. This essay aims at interpreting “Circe,” the fifteenth episode of Ulysses, through the lens of Bakhtin’s concept of “carnival” in which subject and object are indistinguishable, and the repressed others reverberate heteroglossic voices. In this interpretation, we do not limit “Circe” to Bloom’s fantasy; we can discuss a limitless carnival in which the boundaries between subjects and objects are erased, and the suffocated voices of the repressed others including inanimate objects during the daytime are all polyphonically resounding throughout “Circe.” Bakhtinian insight is very useful in reading Joyce’s text because Joyce’s project is subverting the seemingly fixed hierarchies and identities, and especially because “Circe” revises any totalizing interpretation of Ulysses.

“Make His Private Linen Public”: Rereading Finnegans Wake through Gossip and Echo

( Kyoungsook Kim ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2019 제임스조이스저널 Vol.25 No.2

The eighth episode of Book I of Finnegans Wake consists of a series of gossips between two washerwomen, who gush out all the rumors about HCE(Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker) and ALP(Anna Livia Plurabelle). Here, HCE’s fall caused by gossips resembles Parnell’s downfall; HCE and ALP’s marriage allegorizes early colonial history of Ireland. Much like Shem who writes with his own excrement like ink, these washerwomen rewrite HCE and ALP’s stories and Irish history using the dirty water from their laundry. Their uncouth gossips provide alternative, unofficial history retold obliquely. In his earlier works, Joyce expresses his anxiety over English, the colonizer’s language, as the tool of his art. What Joyce does in Finnegans Wake is not imitation but echo. Echo does not seek for perfection. The language of Finnegans Wake is not English but the echo of English, which is amputated, fragmented, and hybridized. It does not permit any space for cultural hegemony or power of the British Empire. Much like echo, gossips also disrupt the authority and authenticity of official historiography. In case of Parnell, gossip played a huge role in his downfall. Gossips can be an alternative vehicle to shape and reshape history/historiography. In a word, this essay aims at rereading the washerwomen’s gossips about HCE and ALP as an alternative historiography. To conclude, gossips exercise a centrifugal force to spread out alternative, heterogeneous, versions of official historiography, which wields a centripetal force to assimilate various voices into a homogeneous version.

Paralysis and Nostalgic Memory in "Eveline"

Kyoungsook Kim (김경숙) 한국제임스조이스학회 2006 제임스조이스저널 Vol.12 No.2

Paralysis and Nostalgic Memory in “Eveline” Kyoung-sook Kim This paper examines how individual memories as mirrorimage of national history are detrimental to reaching an epiphany or a keen sense of political and historical consciousness. In “Eveline,” nostalgic memory ends up disguising the past and paralyzing Eveline’s agency and ability to change her oppressive present. As long as nostalgic memory of the past repeatedly numbs her pains in the present, it is not so easy for Eveline to sever the umbilical cord that has bound Eveline to her family for her whole life, much as the Irish are yoked to Irish history. In this view, memories cannot be seen simply as counterhistories that could straightforwardly challenge the legitimizing force of history. Instead, we should note that memories are in complex complicity with history in paralyzing individuals. Much like history, nostalgic memory turns an individual into a “passive” and “helpless” being (D 41). More importantly, since an individual’s memories are deeply intertwined with his/her national history, the story “Eveline” can be read as an alternative historiography mapping how much of Irish’s psychological territory is colonized by the Janusfaced past―rosy and nostalgic, but oppressive and paralyzing at the same time―just as Ireland’s national territory is colonized by the foreign force. In other words, the psychological state of Eveline can be expanded to the Irish collectively, who are like “passive,” “helpless animal[s]” (D 41), both under the grip of oppressive, dehumanizing history, and under the paralyzing hypnosis of nostalgic memories of their lost homeland.

“당신의 혀를 어떻게 좀 해야겠어요”: 『국경선』, 『여전사』, 그리고 『포』에 나타난 혀/목소리의 문제

김경숙(Kim, Kyoungsook) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2017 영미연구 Vol.41 No.-

본 논문에서는 탈식민문학 담론 내에서 서벌턴의 목소리가 갖는 의미를 이론적으로 고찰하고, 앙살두아의『국경선』킹스턴의 『여전사』그리고 쿠체의 『포』에서 이러한 주제가 어떻게 다루어지고 있는지 면밀히 분석하고자 한다. 『국경선』을 통하여 혀가 단순한 신체기관을 넘어서서 인종적/문화적 주체성과 실천성을 표현할 수 있는 정치적 의미와 직결됨을 살펴보고, 『여전사』를 통하여 자신의 차이를 표현하는 것뿐만 아니라 자아와 타자 사이의 간극을 채우는 번역의 역할을 할 수도 있음을 논의 하고자 한다. 마지막으로 무인도의 실체를 담고 있는 『포』의 프라이데이를 통하여 침묵이 혀를 통한 목소리만큼 중요할 수 있음을 살펴본다. 이렇듯 혀/목소리에 대해 여러 텍스트가 제시하는 서로 다른 관점들을 검토함으로써 탈식민문학 담론에 있어서 아킬레스건과도 같은 주제인 서벌턴의 문제를 입체적으로 접근하고자 한다. This essay explores multivalent meanings of the subaltern’s tongues/voices represented in Anzaldúa’s Borderlands/La Frontera, Kingston’s The Woman Warrior, and Coetzee’s Foe. Since the wild tongue (to use Anzaldúa’s symbol) is regarded as an indication for the racial other along with skin and hair color, the tongue’s significances need to be interpreted in the discourses of race, ethnicity, and power. Anzaldúa argues that to resist taming her wild tongue should be seen as a self-assertion of her identity as a chicana. In The Woman Warrior, cutting the frenum of the tongue reflects immigrants’ desire to assimilate themselves into the mainstream American identity. However, by incorporating her own voice with many others, the genre of The Woman Warrior — a memoir/autobiography — does reverberate Kingston’s desire to translate differences between cultures and generations. For Kingston, the tongue means a means not only of articulating her ethnic voice, but also of translating and thus embracing cultural and generational differences. Lastly, Coetzee’s Friday, the tongueless figure, fully embodies the island itself that Susan and Foe’s narratives could not represent through language, and suggests the possibility that silence can be as significant as speech.

「키르케」: 다시 쓰는 『율리시스』, 미리 쓰는 『경야』

김경숙 ( Kyoungsook Kim ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2016 제임스조이스저널 Vol.22 No.1

This essay re-reads “Circe,” the fifteenth episode of Ulysses, as a rewriting of Ulysses and a prewriting of Finnegans Wake. Many characters, words, actions, and even streams of consciousness that appear in former episodes reappear in “Circe”; however, not with mere repetitions, but with distortions and parodies. Joyce’s rewriting of Ulysses in “Circe” reflects his alternative historiography, which refuses to be fixed in any official version. At the same time, “Circe” can be read as a pretext of Wake. On the stylistic level, both “Circe” and Wake demonstrate Joyce’s obsession of puns and language experimentation; on the thematic level, both texts are deeply rooted in the main characters’ obsessive guilt and shame. By reading “Circe” as an in-between text or work in progress, one can produce a new interpretation of Ulysses and open a new venue to access Wake. Ultimately, this essay aims at analyzing how Joyce rewrites Irish history alternatively through his rewritings of his own texts.

『피네간의 경야』에 울려 퍼지는 탈식민 메아리 그리고 다시 쓰는 대안적 역사

김경숙 ( Kyoungsook Kim ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2020 제임스조이스저널 Vol.26 No.2

This essay, written as a sequel to my earlier one “‘Hush! Caution! Echoland’: Rereading Joyce’s Finnegans Wake as a Postcolonial Echo,” aims at reinterpreting Finnegans Wake as an alternative historiography. In my earlier study, I argue that the language of Finnegans Wake is not English but the echo of English, which is amputated, fragmented, and hybridized, and that Joyce’s language experiment deconstructs the authority of English and reverberates postcolonial recalcitrant echo. As a follow-up study, this essay reads Finnegans Wake as an alternative historiography, which means re-writing or writing back of the orthodox colonial/nationalist historiography. While the missing letter on HCE’s sin symbolizes the absence of absolute truth, the text of Finnegans Wake is written by numerous unreliable stories, rumors, and gossips, which ceaselessly crisscross and contradict each other. As a dream-text, Finnegans Wake wakes readers from the nightmare of orthodox historiography and suggests the possibilities of variegated versions of alternative historiographies.

Detection of Conformational Change of Protein Using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Imaging System

Moonil Kim(김문일),Sun Ok Jung(정선옥),Kyoungsook Park(박경숙),Eun-Ju Jeong(정은주),Hyou-Arm Joung(정효암),Tae-Hyoung Kim,Dai-Wu Seol,Bong-Hyun Chung 한국생물공학회 2005 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.10