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The roles of sodium and volume overload on hypertension in chronic kidney disease
( Jinho Shin ),( Chang Hwa Lee ) 대한신장학회 2021 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.40 No.4
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, and the disease burden is rising rapidly. An important contributor to CV events and CKD progression is high blood pressure (BP). The main mechanisms of hypertension in early and advanced CKD are renin-angiotensin system activation and volume overload, respectively. Sodium retention is well known as a factor for high BP in CKD. However, a BP increase in response to total body sodium or volume overload can be limited by neurohormonal modulation. Recent clinical trial data favoring intensive BP lowering in CKD imply that the balance between volume and neurohormonal control could be revisited with respect to the safety and efficacy of strict volume control when using antihypertensive medications. In hemodialysis patients, the role of more liberal use of antihypertensive medications with the concept of functional dry weight for intensive BP control must be studied.
Jinho Shin,Won Jae Kim 대한안과학회 2020 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.34 No.6
Purpose: We investigated the changes in ocular deviation after the monocular occlusion test in adults with intermittent exotropiaand evaluated its association with the level of control. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled adults (aged ≥18 years) with intermittent exotropia who visited our clinic betweenSeptember 2015 and May 2019. Patients with basic intermittent exotropia with a distant deviation within 10 prism diopters(PD) of the near deviation were included. The largest ocular deviations obtained before and after 1 hour of monocular occlusionwere compared. The level of control was measured using the LACTOSE (Look and Cover, then Ten seconds of ObservationScale for Exotropia) control scoring system. Results: Forty-six consecutive adult patients (28 males, 18 females; mean age, 34.3 years) were enrolled. The mean oculardeviation was 36.3 PD (range, 18 to 5 PD) at distant fixation and 38.5 PD (range, 18 to 80 PD) at near fixation, which increasedsignificantly to 38.5 PD (p = 0.043) and 41.1 PD (p = 0.011), respectively, after monocular occlusion. The mean ocular deviationincreased ≥5 PD in 14 (30.4%) and 15 (32.6%) patients at distant and near fixation, respectively. The level of control was measuredin 30 patients. A higher degree of near control was significantly associated with an increase of ≥5 PD in near fixationafter the test (p = 0.009 for a near control score ≤2). Conclusions: The monocular occlusion test may help to determine the largest ocular deviation in adults with intermittent exotropia. Approximately one-third of patients exhibited an increase in ocular deviation ≥5 PD. Patients exhibiting good controlwere more likely to manifest an increase in the ocular deviation.
Updated Reasons and Clinical Implications of New Korean Hypertension Guidelines for Cardiologists
Jinho Shin,Myeong Chan Cho 대한심장학회 2020 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.50 No.6
Leaving behind substantial reflections or skepticisms on the shortage of evidences about blood pressure (BP) thresholds for antihypertensive drug therapy and target BPs, major hypertensive guidelines including Korean hypertension guidelines were recently updated for earlier and more intensive control of BP. Because hypertension is one of the major risk factors for death, stroke, cardiovascular (CV) disease, heart failure, and cognitive impairment, substantial improvement of hypertension management is necessary to reduce disease and socioeconomic burdens and to promote CV health. Theoretically, earlier intervention in terms of age and BP level and thorough control of BP into within normal range would prevent or delay major adverse CV events. Revised hypertension guidelines were developed by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, Korean Society of Hypertension, European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension, and Japanese Society of Hypertension in order. In this article, recent updates and clinical significances of the Korean hypertension guidelines will be discussed with comparison of foreign hypertension guidelines and considerable changes in the management of hypertension will be introduced for cardiologists and general practitioners.
Jinho Shin,Jongho Park,Seunghun Lee,Eunjong Kim,Myeongseong Lee,Jisoo Wi,Heekwon Ahn 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.3
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substrate to inoculum ratio and inoculum type on solid state anaerobic digestion of dairy manure collected from sawdust bedded pack barn. Dairy manure inoculated with different type of inoculum, dairy manure inoculum (DMI) and municipal sewage inoculum (MSI), was digested for 56 days at different substrate to inoculum ratios (SIR) of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 on volatile solids (VS) basis under mesophilic condition (37°C). Digesters inoculated with DMI showed higher biodegradable volatile solid removal (BVS removal: 52 - 82%) and methane production performance (P: 32 - 38 mL g-VS<SUP>-1</SUP>) than MSI inoculated test units. However, the maximum cumulative CH₄ production was only 38.1 mL g-VS<SUP>-1</SUP>, in consequence of a large quantity of non-biodegradable materials included in dairy manure and nutrient losses during long-term storage of dairy manure. To improve the efficiency of methane production, additional studies need to be carried out using fresh dairy manure which has high methane production potential as anaerobic digestion substrate.
Optimal Exit Costs of Foreign Direct Investment
Jinho Shin,김영한 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2017 Global economic review Vol.46 No.4
This paper examines the optimal policy on exit costs of foreign direct investment for a host country considering the impact of varying income level and host country’s risk aversion against volatile FDI flows. Based on a dynamic model about the impact of the exit costs on FDI inflows and capital formation, we demonstrate that a host country should determine the exit cost considering two counterbalancing factors, that is, facilitating higher FDI inflows and reducing volatility of FDI inflows. When a host country is less vulnerable to volatility with inelastic risk aversion against FDI volatility, it is optimal for the host country with a negative income shock to take a more aggressive approach to induce FDI inflows by lowering exit costs. However, if the host country is more vulnerable to volatility with elastic risk aversion, the host country is advised to take a conservative approach by increasing exit costs to reduce FDI volatility. These findings, supported by the OECD data on 42 countries’ exits costs, implicate that developing countries are recommended to lower exit costs to induce higher FDI inflows when they are not highly vulnerable to volatility shocks.
사이버전 피해 평가를 위한 사이버 공격의 분류 체계 제시
박진호 ( Jinho Park ),김용현 ( Yonghyun Kim ),김동화 ( Donghwa Kim ),신동규 ( Dongkyoo Shin ),신동일 ( Dongil Shin ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.24 No.2
최근에는 랜섬웨어의 일종인 ‘워너크라이’ 등의 바이러스로 인한 피해도 기하급수적으로 증가하고, 그수법도 사용자가 파일에 접근하면 감염되던 형태에서 인터넷에 접속되기만 하면 감염되는 형태로 진화하면서 사이버전에 사용되어질 수 있는 사이버 공격에 대응하는 방어 및 회복 방책에 대한 관심이 한층 더 증폭되고 있다. 하지만 일반적으로 방어, 회복 등의 대응 과정은 공격의 피해를 평가하여 결과로 산출된 피해 정도를 전제 조건으로 가지기 때문에 먼저 해킹 공격의 피해를 평가하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 사이버전에서 사용되어질 수 있는 해킹 공격 및 위협의 피해를 공격의 종류별로 평가하기 위해, 피해 정도를 수치화할 수 있는지의 여부 등을 기준으로 하여 총 3가지 Interruption, Modification, Interception 로 구성된 해킹 공격의 분류 체계를 제시한다.