모유에서 분리한 Enterococcus faecalis의 다제내성 균에 대한 항용혈 및 항균 효과

이은지 ( Eun-ji Yi ),이정은 ( Jeong-eun Lee ),조소연 ( So-yeon Jo ),김수빈 ( Soo-bin Kim ),유두나 ( Du-na Yu ),국무창 ( Moochang Kook ),김애정 ( Ae Jung Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2021 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.49 No.4

본 연구에서는 국내 건강한 산모의 모유에서 분리한 E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주의 용혈여부와 다제내성 균에 대한 항용혈 효능 및 항균 효과를 확인하였다. 분리 균주의 효소 활성을 측정 결과, E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주는 지질에 대한 가수분해 효소인 esterase 및 esterase lipase에 대한 활성이 우수하였다. 용혈여부를 확인한 결과, 분리균 모두 용혈반응이 나타나지 않았다. 또한 용혈을 일으키는 다제내성 균주에 대한 항용혈 효능을 검토한 결과, S. aureus CCARM 3855에 대한 항용혈 효능은 BMSE-HMP002가 75.71 ± 10.00%로 가장 높았으며, E. coli DC 2 CCARM 0238과 P. aeruginosa CCARM 0223에 대한 항용혈 효능은 BMSEHMP001이 각각 76.92 ± 2.99%와 87.93 ± 1.93%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 다제내성균 Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp. 및 Enterobacter spp.에 대한 항균활성을 검토한 결과, E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주는 그람 양성균주와 그람 음성균주에서 모두 항균력을 보였으며, 분리균 4주 중에서는 BMSEHMP001과 BMSE-HMP002가 가장 우수한 결과를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 모유유래 유산균 E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주의 안전성과 다제내성 균에 의한 용혈 및 항균 효과를 검토하여 유용 유산균으로써 가능성을 확인하였으며, Enterococcus 균주는 항생제 내성 유전자 및 독성 유전자가 없는 경우에 한하여 사용이 가능한 것으로 고시된 바와 같이 본 연구에서 분리한 모유유래 유산균 E. faecalis BMSEHMP 4주의 항생제 내성 및 독성에 대한 추가적인 연구를 통해 안전성에 대한 입증이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. In this study, the hemolysis of Enterococcus faecalis BMSE-HMP strains, isolated from human breast milk, was investigated, and the anti-hemolytic and antimicrobial effects on multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria were investigated. The enzyme activity of E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4 strains was measured, and it was found that the activities of esterase and esterase lipase were the highest. In addition, no hemolytic reaction was observed in any of the isolates. Subsequently, the anti-hemolytic activity against MDR strains causing hemolysis was evaluated. E. faecalis BMSE-HMP002 had the highest anti-hemolytic activity against Staphylococcus aureus CCARM 3855 at 75.71 ± 10.00%. The anti-hemolytic activity against Escherichia coli DC 2 CCARM 0238 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCARM 0223 showed that the activity of BMSE-HMP001 was highest at 76.92 ± 2.99% and 87.93 ± 1.93%, respectively. Examination of the antimicrobial effects against the MDR bacteria Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and E. faecalis BMSE-HMP strains showed antimicrobial effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative strains. Breastfeeding delivers enterococci into the intestinal tract of newborns by lactation, and its usefulness is attracting attention as it has been reported that enterococci have a potential effect on neonatal immune development. In this study, the hemolytic and antimicrobial effects of E. faecalis BMSE-HMP strains on MDR bacteria were investigated, to confirm their potential as useful lactic acid bacteria. Additional studies on the antibiotic resistance and toxicity of the E. faecalis BMSE-HMP strains, isolated in this study, are necessary to prove it safe for use.

Transcriptomic analysis of neutrophil apoptosis induced by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma unveils a potential role in neutropenia

Jeon Byeol-Eun,Lee Ji-Eun,Park Jungwook,Jung Hyejung,Park Eun Gyung,Lee Du Hyeong,Seo Young-Su,Kim Heui-Soo,Shin Ho-Jin,Kim Sang-Woo 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.8

Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive lymphoma that arises from malignant transformation of B lymphocytes. Outcome of patients with DLBCL has been significantly improved by rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy, which is regarded “gold standard” of DLBCL therapy. It is unfortunate that febrile neutropenia, a decrease of the neutrophil count in the blood accompanying fever, is one of the most common complications that DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP regimen experience. Given the critical role of neutrophils against bacterial and fungal infections, neutropenia could be deadly. While the association between R-CHOP therapy and neutropenia has been well-established, the negative effect of DLBCL cells on the survival of neutrophils has not been clearly understood. Our previous study have shown that conditioned medium (CM) derived from Ly1 DLBCL cells induces apoptosis in murine neutrophils ex vivo. Additionally, Ly1 CM and doxorubicin synergize to further enhance apoptotic rate in neutrophils, possibly contributing to neutropenia in DLBCL patients. Objective We investigated the mechanism and genes that regulate neutrophil apoptosis induced by secretome of DLBCL cells, which would give insight into the potential role of DLBCL in neutropenia. Method Murine neutrophils were isolated from bone marrow in C57BL6/J mice using flow cytometry. QuantSeq 3' mRNA-sequencing was conducted on neutrophils following exposure to CM derived from Ly1 DLBCL cells or murine bone marrow cells (control). Quantseq 3′mRNA sequencing data were aligned to identify differentially expressed mRNAs. Next, the expression of genes related to neutrophil apoptosis and proliferation were analyzed and Gene classification and ontology were analyzed. Result We identified 1196 (198 upregulated and 998 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Ly1 DLBCL co-culture group compared to the control group. The functional enrichment analyses of DEGs in co-culture group revealed significant enriched in apoptosis process, and immune system process in gene ontology and the highly enriched pathway of various bacterial infection, leukocyte transendothelial migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle in KEGG pathway. Importantly, Bcl7b, Bnip3, Bmx, Mcl1, and Pim1 were identified as critical regulators of neutrophil apoptosis, which may be potential drug targets for the treatment of neutropenia. We are currently testing the efficacy of the activators/inhibitors of the proteins encoded by these genes to investigate whether they would block DLBCL-induced neutrophil apoptosis. Conclusion In the present study, bioinformatic analyses of gene expression profiling data revealed the crucial genes involved in neutrophil apoptosis and gave insight into the underlying mechanism. Given our data, it may be likely that novel opportunities for the treatment of neutropenia, and eventually improvement of prognosis of DLBCL patients, might emerge.

[학생기자단 기사] 우리 학교 설계실을 소개합니다

김은지(Kim, Eun Ji),박지원(Park, Ji Won),안채연(Ahn, Chae Yeon),이은우(Lee, Eunu),장두영(Jang, Du Young),현자연(Hyun, Ja Yeon) 대한건축학회 2022 建築 Vol.67 No.1

Thermoelectric Properties of n-Type Half-Heusler Compounds Synthesized by the Induction Melting Method

Du, Nguyen Van,Lee, Soonil,Seo, Won-Seon,Dat, Nguyen Minh,Meang, Eun-Ji,Lim, Chang-Hyun,Rahman, Jamil Ur,Kim, Myong Ho The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2015 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.16 No.6

The n -type Hf_0.25Zr_0.25Ti_0.5NiSn_0.998Sb_0.002 Half-Heusler (HH) alloy composition was prepared by using the induction melting method in addition to the mechanical grinding, annealing, and spark plasma sintering processes. Analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated the formation of a pure phase HH structured compound. The electrical and thermal properties at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 718 K were investigated. The electrical conductivity increased with increasing temperatures and demonstrated nondegenerate semiconducting behavior, and a large reduction in the thermal conductivity to the value of 2.5 W/mK at room temperature was observed. With the power factor and thermal conductivity, the dimensionless figure of merit was increased with temperature and measured at 0.94 at 718 K for the compound synthesized by the induction melting process.

Evaluation of fruit quality in pepper germplasms(Capsicum annuum) introduced from china for high-red pigments breeding.

Ji-Eun Hwang,Su-Gyeong Jeon,Kil-Su Jang,Oh-Hun Kwon,Tae-Young Kwon,Hongjin Long,Min Gui,Qiuyue Zhong,Lei Du 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07

Fruit quality traits like heat, color and flavor are unique and important for pepper cuisines and industrial use. Pepper pigments include chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanin and red pigments like capsanthin are unique carotenoids to capsicum spp. So developing carotenoids-rich peppers and use of red pigments extraction along with capsaicinoids are one of interest pepper breeding goals in the world. Horticultural traits of 113 germplasms introduced by international cooperative research with YASS of China were evaluated to select promissing materials for high quality peppers during the past 3 years. All of germplasms including 60 local peppers were belong to C. annuum and fruit characteristics were diverse. Especially fruit chemical compositions like ASTA color, capsaicinoids and sugars were evaluated compared with korean commercial peppers. Average contents of ASTA color was 98±37, 55±63mg in capsaicinoids and 12±6% in total sugars. ASTA color which generally means red pigments content was over 120 in 25 germplasms including over 200 in 2 germplasms. Higher ASTA colors were observed in different fruit types. Capsaicinoids content was over 90mg/100g in 24 germplasms including 5 germpalsms over 200mg. Especially higher capsaicinoids were higher in local peppers with round and wrinkled fruit shape. And total sugar content was over 20% in 10 germplasms. Germplasms of different fruit shapes and characteristics will be useful materials for diverse fruit quality breeding.

Genome-wide association study of reproductive traits of Hanwoo in Gyeongnam province

Eun Ho Kim,Du Won Sun,Ho Chan Kang,Dae Yong Yang,Cheol-Hyun Myung,Ji Yeong Kim,임현태 한국동물유전육종학회 2022 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.6 No.4

Reproductive trait of cows are important factors affecting pregnancy and calving cycle, and a short calving cycle leads to increase productivity of livestock, so improvement is essential. However, the improvement standards for reproductive traits and studies on causative genes are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study) analysis was conducted on Hanwoo cow in the Gyeongsan provice. Heifer traits were FS (Age at 1st service), FCO (Age at 1st conception), FCA (Age at 1st calving) and 874 animals were used for analysis, and cow traits were GL (Gestation length), DO (Day open), CI (Calving interval), NS (Number of service) and 741 animals were used for analysis. Hanwoo 50K SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) BeadChiop was used for the genotype, and 37,903 SNP markers were used for the heifer trait and 38,011 SNP markers were used for the cow trait through the quality control option of less than 1% minor allele frequency, more than10% missing genotype, less than 10-6 HWE (Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium) on the PLINK 1.9. Thereafter, the genome-wide threshold level was determined using the Bonferroni method, and SNP marker were identified according to each trait. As a result, three SNP markers on chromosomes 12, 13, 24 in FS (ARS-BFGL-BAC-830, BTB-00532606, ARS-BFGL-NGS-33785), and two SNP markers on chromosomes 3, 20 in GL (BTA-94162-no-rs, Hapmap47647-BTA-50780), and two SNP marker on chromosomes 27, 28 in NS (ARS-BFGL-NGS-58109, BTB-00973399) were identified. Then, the seven candidate genes with the closest significant SNP markers were identified. Among them, PCK1 in FS is a gene that affects the promotion of progesterone activity, and it has been reported that it is helpful for reproductive efficiency by affecting follicle development and pregnancy rate. In the future, if additional research is conducted by setting up suitable models for reproductive traits and continuously increasing the test population, it is judged that it will be possible to clearly identify causative genes for each trait.

Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cyclooxygenase-2 by Gamijihwang-tang Via Suppression of Nuclear Factor-B Activation in RAW 264.7 cells

Du Hyun Jang,Ji Young Kim,Eun Hee Han,Hee Ok Park,Dong Hee Kim,Hye Gwang Jeong,Dong Yeol Yoo 한의병리학회 2005 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.19 No.5

<i>TrpA1</i> Regulates Defecation of Food-Borne Pathogens under the Control of the Duox Pathway

Du, Eun Jo,Ahn, Tae Jung,Kwon, Ilmin,Lee, Ji Hye,Park, Jeong-Ho,Park, Sun Hwa,Kang, Tong Mook,Cho, Hana,Kim, Tae Jin,Kim, Hyung-Wook,Jun, Youngsoo,Lee, Hee Jae,Lee, Young Sik,Kwon, Jae Young,Kang, Kye Public Library of Science 2016 PLoS genetics Vol.12 No.1

<▼1><P>Pathogen expulsion from the gut is an important defense strategy against infection, but little is known about how interaction between the intestinal microbiome and host immunity modulates defecation. In <I>Drosophila melanogaster</I>, dual oxidase (Duox) kills pathogenic microbes by generating the microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in response to bacterially excreted uracil. The physiological function of enzymatically generated HOCl in the gut is, however, unknown aside from its anti-microbial activity. <I>Drosophila</I> TRPA1 is an evolutionarily conserved receptor for reactive chemicals like HOCl, but a role for this molecule in mediating responses to gut microbial content has not been described. Here we identify a molecular mechanism through which bacteria-produced uracil facilitates pathogen-clearing defecation. Ingestion of uracil increases defecation frequency, requiring the <I>Duox</I> pathway and <I>TrpA1</I>. The <I>TrpA1(A)</I> transcript spliced with exon10b (<I>TrpA1(A)10b</I>) that is present in a subset of midgut enteroendocrine cells (EECs) is critical for uracil-dependent defecation. TRPA1(A)10b heterologously expressed in <I>Xenopus</I> oocytes is an excellent HOCl receptor characterized with elevated sensitivity and fast activation kinetics of macroscopic HOCl-evoked currents compared to those of the alternative TRPA1(A)10a isoform. Consistent with <I>TrpA1</I>’s role in defecation, uracil-excreting <I>Erwinia carotovora</I> showed higher persistence in <I>TrpA1-</I>deficient guts. Taken together, our results propose that the uracil/Duox pathway promotes bacteria expulsion from the gut through the HOCl-sensitive receptor, TRPA1(A)10b, thereby minimizing the chances that bacteria adapt to survive host defense systems.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>The amount and pattern of defecation are often determined by the bacterial composition in the gut, and can have a significant impact on human health. It is however unknown how changes in the bacterial community affect defecation. A chemical defense system called the <I>Duox</I> pathway is known to kill ill-causing bacteria in the gut by producing chlorine bleach. Our study reveals that the bleach does not stop there, working further to promote expulsion of the bacteria from the gut through a sensitive bleach detector. Moreover, in the gut deficient for the bleach detector, the bacteria not only stayed longer, but also opportunistically survived the bleach that they encounter afterwards. This is the first identification of a mechanism illustrating how important it is that gut defense systems control defecation, and helps explain why troubles in the gut cause changes in defecation.</P></▼2>

Ultrasonographic Measurement of Thickness of the Thyrohyoid Muscle: A Pilot Study

Ji Hwan Cheon,Du Hyeon Nam,Howard Kim,Dong Youl Lee,Youn Kyung Cho,Eun Young Kang,Sung Hoon Lee 대한재활의학회 2016 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.40 No.5

Objective To evaluate the normal thickness of the thyrohyoid muscle, which is one of the key muscles related to swallowing, by ultrasonography.Methods The thickness of the left and right thyrohyoid muscles was measured in normal male and female adults ranging in age from 20 to 79 years by ultrasonography. The groups were classified according to age as follows: subjects ranging in age from 20 to 39 years were classified into group A, subjects ranging in age from 40 to 59 years were classified into group B, and subjects ranging in age from 60 to 79 years were classified into group C. The measurement level was the line that joins the upper tip of the superior thyroid notch and the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage. Also, a correlation with the thyrohyoid muscle was investigated by collecting information regarding height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age, and gender of subjects in the healthy group.Results The number of subjects in each group was as follows: group A (n=82), group B (n=62), and group C (n=60). Also, the thicknesses of the left and right muscles were 2.72±0.65 mm and 2.87±0.76 mm in group A, 2.83±0.61 mm and 2.93±0.67 mm in group B, and 2.59±054 mm and 2.73±0.55 mm in group C, respectively. Thyrohyoid muscle had a correlation with height, weight, and BMI. The thickness of the left and right thyrohyoid muscles was greater in male subjects than in female subjects and the right side muscle was thicker than the left side muscle.Conclusion The average thickness of the left and right thyrohyoid muscles was 3.20±0.54 mm in male subjects and 2.34±0.37 mm in female subjects. The thickness of the thyrohyoid muscle was positively correlated with height, weight, and BMI, and the thyrohyoid muscle was thicker in male subjects than in female subjects and the right side muscle was thicker than the left side muscle.

In vitro/in vivo biocompatibility and mechanical properties of bioactive glass nanofiber and poly(ϵ-caprolactone) composite materials

Jo, Ji-Hoon,Lee, Eun-Jung,Shin, Du-Sik,Kim, Hyoun-Ee,Kim, Hae-Won,Koh, Young-Hag,Jang, Jun-Hyeog Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Vol. No.

<P>In this study, a poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL)/bioactive glass (BG) nanocomposite was fabricated using BG nanofibers (BGNFs) and compared with an established composite fabricated using microscale BG particles. The BGNFs were generated using sol–gel precursors via the electrospinning process, chopped into short fibers and then incorporated into the PCL organic matrix by dissolving them in a tetrahydrofuran solvent. The biological and mechanical properties of the PCL/BGNF composites were evaluated and compared with those of PCL/BG powder (BGP). Because the PCL/BG composite containing 20 wt % BG showed the highest level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, all evaluations were performed at this concentration except for that of the ALP activity itself. In vitro cell tests using the MC3T3 cell line demonstrated the enhanced biocompatibility of the PCL/BGNF composite compared with the PCL/BGP composite. Furthermore, the PCL/BGNF composite showed a significantly higher level of bioactivity compared with the PCL/BGP composite. In addition, the results of the in vivo animal experiments using Sprague–Dawley albino rats revealed the good bone regeneration capability of the PCL/BGNF composite when implanted in a calvarial bone defect. In the result of the tensile test, the stiffness of the PCL/BG composite was further increased when the BGNFs were incorporated. These results indicate that the PCL/BGNF composite has greater bioactivity and mechanical stability when compared with the PCL/BG composite and great potential as a bone regenerative material. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009</P>