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Magnetic ground state of ferromagnetic CeAgSb<sub>2</sub>
Jang, Jaekyung,Alsardia, M.M.,Rhee, Joo Yull Elsevier 2019 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol.477 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated the magnetic easy axis of ferromagnetic CeAgSb<SUB>2</SUB> compound by using the first-principles electronic-structure calculations to clarify the role of 4<I>f</I> electrons. Similar to the case of CeCuSb<SUB>2</SUB> and CeAuSb<SUB>2</SUB> compounds, the total-energy differences and the density of states for Ce 4<I>f</I> electrons show that it is necessary to include both the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and the so-called LDA+<I>U</I> method in the spin-polarized calculation to predict correct magnetic easy axis for this compound. Especially, we show that the SOC energy calculated by using <B>l</B> · <B>s</B> matrix elements of <I>f</I>-orbitals indicates that the effects of SOC of Ce 4<I>f</I> electrons plays a crucial role to determine the magnetic easy axes of Ce<I>NM</I>Sb<SUB>2</SUB> (<I>NM</I>: Cu, Ag and Au) compounds. Through the SOC Hamiltonian and detailed information on the occupation of individual <I>f</I>-orbitals of Ce atom obtained by the electronic-structure calculations the correct magnetic easy axis can be deduced. Surprisingly, the two Ce atoms in a unit cell of CeAgSb<SUB>2</SUB> compound should be treated inequivalently, which is similar to the case of antiferromagnetic CeCuSb<SUB>2</SUB> and CeAuSb<SUB>2</SUB> compounds, even though the CeAgSb<SUB>2</SUB> compound is ferromagnetic. The inequivalence of the two Ce atoms is due to the lack of mirror symmetry along the <I>z</I>-axis in this Ce-based compounds.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The total-energy differences and density of states show that the inclusion of both the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and the Hubbard U-potential is necessary in the electronic-structure calculations to correctly predict the easy axis of CeAgSb<SUB>2</SUB> compound, similar to the cases of CeCuSb<SUB>2</SUB> and CeAuSb<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Unlike our intuition, in which the differences in SOC of noble metals may play an important role to determine the magnetic ground states, the effects of SOC of Ce 4<I>f</I> electrons plays a crucial role to determine the magnetic easy axes of Ce<I>NM</I>Sb<SUB>2</SUB> (<I>NM</I>: Cu, Ag and Au) compounds. </LI> <LI> The two Ce atoms in a unit cell of CeAgSb<SUB>2</SUB> compound, which are crystallographically equivalent, should be treated inequivalently. </LI> <LI> The inequivalence is ascribed to the lack of mirror symmetry along the <I>c</I>-axis, which will destroy the equivalence of the two Ce atoms when the magnetization is set to be along the <I>c</I>-axis. </LI> </UL> </P>
The Structure Improvement of Microbial Fuel Cell to Generate Electricity from swine wastewater
장재경(Jang, Jaekyung),유영선(Sun, RyouYoung),이성현(Lee, SungHyoun),김종구(Kim, JongGoo),강연구(Kang, YounKoo),김영화(Kim, Young Hwa) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06
These studies convert to useful electricity from swine wastewater and to treat this wastewater. In order to operate the microbial fuel cell(MFC) for the swine wastewater, the anode volume of MFCs was scaled up with 5L in the vacant condition. Graphite felts and low-priced mesh stainless-less as electrode had mixed up and packed into the anode compartment. The meshed stainless-less electrode could also be acted the collector of electron produced by microorganisms in anode. For a cathode compartment, graphite felt loaded Pt/C catalyst was used. Graphite felt electrode embedded in the anode compartment was punched holds at regular intervals to prevent occurred the channeling phenomenon. The sources of seeding on microbial fuel cell was used a mixture of swine wastewater and anaerobic digestion sludge(1:1). It was enriched within 6 days. Swine wastewater was fed with 53.26 ml/min flow rate. The MFCs produced a current of about 17 mA stably used swine wastewater with 3,167{pm}80mg/L. The maximum power density and current density was 680 mW/m³ and 3,770 mA/m³, respectively. From these results it is showed that treatment of swine wastewater synchronizes with electricity generation using modified low priced microbial fuel cell.
( Jaekyung Bae ),( Ji-Hyung Yoon ),( Jung-hee Lee ),( Jong-ho Nam ),( Chan-hee Lee ),( Jang-won Son ),( Ung Kim ),( Jong-seon Park ),( Dong-gu Shin ) 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.6
Background/Aims: The clinical benefit of strict blood glucose-lowering therapy for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is still debated. We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients with diabetes who under-went percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), according to the mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level after PCI. Methods: We evaluated 675 diabetes patients with CAD treated with PCI. We categorized the study population into three groups based on the mean observed HbA1c levels during the follow-up duration, as follows: aggressive control (AC) group (HbA1c level < 6.5%, n = 148), moderate control (MC) group (HbA1c level ≥ 6.5% and < 7.0%, n = 138), and uncontrolled (UC) group (HbA1c level ≥ 7.0%, n = 389). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, repeat target vessel revascularization, and stroke. Results: The mean HbA1c level of the AC group was significantly lower than that of the MC and UC groups (6.04% ± 0.36% vs. 6.74% ± 0.14% vs. 8.39% ± 1.20%, p < 0.001). The incidence of MACCEs was significantly lower in the AC group than in the MC and UC groups (16.0% vs. 24.3% vs. 26.3%, p = 0.010), mostly driven by the incidence of stroke (4.4% vs. 14.0% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.013). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that only the AC group was associated with a reduced rate of MACCEs (hazard ratio, 0.499; 95% confidence interval, 0.316 to 0.786; p = 0.004) com-pared with the UC group. Conclusions: Our study showed that intensive glycemic control (HbA1c level < 6.5%) is associated with improved clinical outcomes after PCI in patients with diabetes.