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Two Types of Complex Predicate Formation: Japanese Passive and Potential Verbs
( Hiroaki Nakamura ) 한국언어정보학회 2007 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-
This paper deals with the complex verb formation of passive and potential predicates and syntactic structures projected by these verbs. Though both predicates are formed with the suffix -rare which has been assumed to originate from the same stem, they show significantly different syntactic behaviors. We propose two kinds of concatenation of base verbs and auxiliaries; passive verbs are lexically formed with the most restrictive mode of combination, while potential verbs are formed syntactically via more flexible combinatory operations of function composition. The difference in the mode of complex verb formation has significant consequences for their syntactic structures and semantic interpretations, including different combination with the honorific morphemes and subjectivization of arguments/adjuncts of base verbs. We also consider the case alternation phenomena and their implications for scope construals found in potential sentences, which can be accounted for in a unified manner in terms of the optional application of function composition.
( Hiroaki Nakamura ) 한국언어정보학회 2002 국제 워크샵 Vol.2002 No.-
This paper presents a unified account of three kinds of constructions in which more than one NP can show up with the same case in simple sentences in Japanese and Korean: double subject, double nominative object and double accusative constructions. Noting that the second NPs in these constructions are functional or relational, this paper proposes to assign them the category and type different from the first NPs. We show the derivations of these three constructions in a parallel manner, and explain the asymmetries in extractability between possessor and possessed NPs in relativization.
Case Alternations in Potential Constructions in Japanese and their Semantic Implications
( Hiroaki Nakamura ),( Takeshi Fujita ) 한국언어정보학회 1998 국제 워크샵 Vol.1998 No.-
In potential constructions in Japanese any argument of a base verb, whether it is an argument, an adjunct or even an argument with no thematic relation to the verb, can be marked with nominative case. Addressing the problem of various types of case alternations as well as ``ga-no`` conversion, this paper argues for the existence of some semantically motivated mechanism licensing nominative and genitive case, which adequately accounts for the distributions of these cases in these constructions. We also claim that there is a close connection between the morphological realization of case and the overall semantic interpretation of a sentence.
Hiroaki Yamada,Utano Nakamura,Toshio Nakamura,Yoshikazu Uchida,Atsushi Yamatsu,Mujo Kim 한국영양학회 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.6
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major public health issue in Japan and other countries, and foods that prevent or treat OA are in strong demand. Proteins and peptides in chicken meat and bones are known for being rich in functional and nutritional ingredients for the improvement of osteoporosis. We speculated that chicken legs, a food consumed in many regions of the world, may also contain such ingredients. In this study, we aim to (i) evaluate the effect of chicken leg extract (CLE) on the promotion of cartilage matrix production and (ii) identify the active ingredient in CLE that contributes to this function. MATERIALS/METHODS: Artificial CLE digest was prepared, and the acid mucopolysaccharide production-promoting activity of the CLE digest was evaluated by alcian blue staining of ATDC5 cells. CLE was orally administered to rabbits with burr holes in the knee joint of the femur, and the degree of regeneration of cartilage matrix was evaluated. Furthermore, we investigated orally administered CLE-derived peptides in human plasma using LC-MS. From measuring the acid mucopolysaccharide production-promotion activity of these peptides, a molecule considered to be an active ingredient in the CLE digest was identified. RESULTS: CLE digest promoted acid mucopolysaccharide production and facilitated regeneration of cartilage matrix in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Four peptides including phenylalanyl-hydroxyproline (Phe-Hyp) were detected as CLE-derived peptides in human plasma. The effect of CLE was inferred to be due to Phe-Hyp, which was confirmed to be present in the CLE digest. CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that CLE stimulated the production of articular cartilage matrix both in vitro and in vivo, and that CLE could be an effective food for preventing or treating OA. Furthermore, only Phe-Hyp was confirmed as the active compound in the CLE digest, suggesting that the activity of CLE was due to Phe-Hyp.
Yamada, Hiroaki,Nakamura, Utano,Nakamura, Toshio,Uchida, Yoshikazu,Yamatsu, Atsushi,Kim, Mujo The Korean Nutrition Society 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.6
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major public health issue in Japan and other countries, and foods that prevent or treat OA are in strong demand. Proteins and peptides in chicken meat and bones are known for being rich in functional and nutritional ingredients for the improvement of osteoporosis. We speculated that chicken legs, a food consumed in many regions of the world, may also contain such ingredients. In this study, we aim to (i) evaluate the effect of chicken leg extract (CLE) on the promotion of cartilage matrix production and (ii) identify the active ingredient in CLE that contributes to this function. MATERIALS/METHODS: Artificial CLE digest was prepared, and the acid mucopolysaccharide production-promoting activity of the CLE digest was evaluated by alcian blue staining of ATDC5 cells. CLE was orally administered to rabbits with burr holes in the knee joint of the femur, and the degree of regeneration of cartilage matrix was evaluated. Furthermore, we investigated orally administered CLE-derived peptides in human plasma using LC-MS. From measuring the acid mucopolysaccharide production-promotion activity of these peptides, a molecule considered to be an active ingredient in the CLE digest was identified. RESULTS: CLE digest promoted acid mucopolysaccharide production and facilitated regeneration of cartilage matrix in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Four peptides including phenylalanyl-hydroxyproline (Phe-Hyp) were detected as CLE-derived peptides in human plasma. The effect of CLE was inferred to be due to Phe-Hyp, which was confirmed to be present in the CLE digest. CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that CLE stimulated the production of articular cartilage matrix both in vitro and in vivo, and that CLE could be an effective food for preventing or treating OA. Furthermore, only Phe-Hyp was confirmed as the active compound in the CLE digest, suggesting that the activity of CLE was due to Phe-Hyp.
Low Iodine Dose is Related with Overestimation of Extracellular Volume Derived from Cardiac CT
Hiroaki Arakawa,Nobuo Tomizawa,Shengpu Chou,Satoshi Matsuoka,Kodai Yamamoto,Shinichi Inoh,Takeshi Nojo,Kanako Kunishima Kumamaru,Shinichiro Fujimoto,Sunao Nakamura 아시아심장혈관영상의학회 2020 Cardiovascular Imaging Asia Vol.4 No.2
Objective: To assess the relationship between the amount of injected contrast medium and the extracellular volume (ECV) value during cardiac CT and to propose a minimum amount of contrast medium necessary to correctly calculate ECV. Materials and Methods: A total of 95 patients who underwent comprehensive cardiac CT were included. Patients first underwent myocardial CT perfusion (CTP) with a contrast medium dose determined by the body weight (<70 kg: 50 mL; 70–89 kg: 55 mL; ≥90 kg: 60 mL). Coronary CT angiography (CTA) scan followed with a contrast medium dose of 0.8×body weight (kg). We defined the ECV value calculated after CTP as ECVCTP, and we used the ECV value calculated after the CTA exam as the reference standard (ECVref). We calculated the difference in ECV values (ECVdiff) as ECVCTP-ECVref. Results: The injected iodine doses during CTP and the entire exam were 284±50 and 559± 69 mg iodine/kg, respectively. There was a weak but significant negative relationship (R2 =0.07, p=0.01) between the injected iodine dose during CTP and ECVdiff. The ECVdiff of patients who received an injected iodine dose of <285 mg iodine/kg during CTP was significantly higher (2.7±4.1 vs. 0.8±3.4%, p=0.02) than that of the remaining patients. Conclusion: ECV derived from cardiac CT might be overestimated when a small amount of contrast medium is injected. Inj
Nakamura, Satoshi,Inoue, Masao,Fujimoto, Hiroaki,Kasamatsu, Kiyoshi Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2007 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.10 No.1
A tape formulation of pyriproxyfen was pre-pared by coating the chemical onto yellow plastic film. We evaluated the trans ovarial ovicidal activity of the tape formulation against Bemisia tabaci and investigated the optimal application method and efficacy in a greenhouse. The tape formulation showed high ovicidal activity of over 80% mortality against B. tabaci for 4 days by a 30-second compulsory contact test. The formulation controlled the B. tabaci population on tomatoes by both "sideways spreading application" and "vertical hanging application". "Sideways spreading application" was considered to be more practical, although there was no significant difference in efficacy between the two application methods. In a large-scale greenhouse trial of "sideways spreading application", the tape formulation suppressed the B. tabaci population for 77 days. The results suggested that the tape formulation is promising as a tool for IPM because of its high efficacy and lower environmental impact.
Feature extraction of light sleep state in polysomnogram by use of conditional probability
Hiroaki Yoshiyama,Takenao Sugi,Bei Wang,Shuichiro Shirakawa,Masatoshi Nakamura 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
Human sleep stages during whole right are usually classified into six stages based on polysommnographic (PSG) record. Sleep state of human light sleep changes gradually and continously. In this study, automatic judgrenet of light sleep state in PSG record was developed. Parameters for characterizing the PSG were calculated from the periodogram and the discriminant funtion was constructed by using conditional probability. Estimated value of wake full level was grdually decreased according to the stage charged from W to S1. In conuast, changing the sleep state from S1 to S2 increased estimated value of sleep level accordingly.