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( Young Kul Jung ),( Jong Eun Yeon ),( Kwang Gyun Lee ),( Eun Seok Jung ),( Jeong Han Kim ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Sun Ho Um ),( Ho Sang Ryu ),( Kwan Soo Byun ) 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.4
Background/Aims: We investigated the durability of the biochemical and virologic responses after adefovir (ADV) discontinuation in lamivudine-resistant (LMV-R) chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, and the outcomes of ADV discontinuation compared to that of ADV maintenance. Methods: The indication for ADV treatment cessation was an undetectable level of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA documented on two occasions at least 6 months apart. All patients received additional ADV for at least 12 months after the confirmation of undetectable HBV DNA (Cobas TaqMan PCR assay, <70 copies/mL). Of 36 patients who had a sufficient ADV therapeutic effect, 19 discontinued ADV treatment, while the others maintained it. A virologic rebound was arbitrarily defined as the redetection of HBV DNA at a level higher than 105 copies/mL. Results: In the ADV discontinuation group, ADV treatment and additional therapy were administered for medians of 33 months (range, 12-47 months) and 18 months, respectively. The patients were followed for a median of 12 months (range, 3-30 months) after ADV cessation. During that period, 18 of 19 patients (95%) experienced viral relapse. Viral rebound was observed in six patients (32%). However, 12 of 18 patients (67%) exhibited serum HBV DNA levels of less than 105 copies/mL. Biochemical relapses were observed in four of the six patients with viral rebound. In the ADV maintenance group, patients were treated for a median of 53 months (range, 31-85 months), and 9 patients (53%) experienced viral breakthrough. Conclusions: During short-term follow-up after ADV discontinuation, most patients (95%) exhibited viral relapse, whereas and viral breakthrough occurred in about half of patients (53%) maintained on ADV therapy. Therefore, the durability of virologic response after ADV discontinuation in LMV-R patients was unsatisfactory. In addition, and viral breakthrough was not infrequent in the ADV continuation group. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:261-267)
Seo, Yeon Seok,Jung, Eun Suk,An, Hyonggin,Kim, Jeong Han,Jung, Young Kul,Kim, Ji Hoon,Yim, Hyung Joon,Yeon, Jong Eun,Byun, Kwan Soo,Kim, Chang Duck,Ryu, Ho Sang,Um, Soon Ho Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Liver International Vol.29 No.10
<P>Abstract</P><P>Background/Aims</P><P>Serum creatinine (Cr) is not a reliable marker for early detection of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhotic ascites. Several reports have suggested that cystatin C (CysC) is more sensitive than Cr for detecting reduced renal function in these patients. This study evaluated the clinical significance of CysC in patients with cirrhotic ascites and a normal serum Cr level.</P><P>Methods</P><P>We enrolled patients with ascites and a normal serum Cr level (<1.2 mg/dl). Liver function tests, international normalized ratio (INR) and serum Cr and CysC levels were measured on the same day for all patients. CysC levels were measured using the automated latex-enhanced immunonephelometric method. The endpoint of follow-up was the development of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) or mortality.</P><P>Results</P><P>Seventy-eight patients with cirrhotic ascites were enrolled in the study (58 men and 30 women; age, 53±11 years). The underlying liver diseases in these patients were chronic hepatitis B (37%), chronic hepatitis C (4%), alcoholic liver disease (53%) and others (6%). Forty-six (59%) and 32 (41%) patients were in Child–Pugh classes B and C respectively. HRS developed in 14 patients during the follow-up period (349±241 days), with cumulative incidences of 10.2% and 20.4% at 6 and 12 months respectively. The CysC level was the only independent predictive factor for HRS. Twenty-three patients died during the follow-up period. CysC level and INR were independent factors for predicting mortality.</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>Serum CysC level is a good marker for predicting HRS and survival in patients with cirrhotic ascites and a normal Cr level.</P>
Significance of Anti-HCV Signal-to-Cutoff Ratio in Predicting Hepatitis C Viremia
( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Eun Suk Jung ),( Jeong Han Kim ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Hyong Gin An ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Jong Eun Yeon ),( Kwan Soo Byun ),( Chang Duck Kim ),( Ho Sang Ryu ),( Soo 대한내과학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.24 No.4
Background/Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA testing can be performed using qualitative or quantitative assays, and it is still unclear which is more useful as a primary test in patients positive for anti-HCV. The present study evaluated the usefulness of anti-HCV signal-to-cutoff ratio (S/CO ratio) for predicting HCV RNA results. Methods: Patients on whom a qualitative HCV RNA test was performed due to a positive anti-HCV enzyme immunoassay were enrolled. Patients were divided into viremia and no-viremia groups according to HCV RNA results. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of anti-HCV S/CO for a diagnosis of viremia. Results: In total, 487 patients were enrolled. HCV RNA was positive in 301 subjects (61.8%). Age, serum ALT level, and anti-HCV S/CO ratio were significantly different between the viremia and no-viremia groups. By ROC curve analysis, anti-HCV S/CO ratio (area, 0.989; 95% confidence interval, 0.981 to 0.998) accurately predicted the presence of viremia, with a cutoff value of 10.9 (sensitivity, 94.4%; specificity, 97.3%). Conclusions: Anti-HCV S/CO ratio was found to be highly accurate at predicting HCV viremia. The anti-HCV S/CO ratio can be used to determine whether a quantitative or qualitative HCV RNA test should be used to confirm HCV viremia in patients with a positive anti-HCV by the following criteria: if the anti-HCV S/CO ratio is <10.9, a qualitative HCV RNA test can be used, and if the anti-HCV S/CO ratio is ≥10.9 a quantitative HCV RNA test can be performed. (Korean J Intern Med 2009;24:302-308)
Chan Yong Lee,Kwang Yup Kim,Jo Eun Lee,Sung Han Kim,Dong Kul Ryu,Jae Eul Choi,Gil Hwan An 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.2
Microbial induction of rusty-root was proved in this study. The enzymes hydrolyzing plant structural materials, including pectinase, pectolyase, ligninase, and cellulase, caused the rusty-root in ginseng. Pectinase and pectolyase produced the highest rusty-color formation. Ferrous ion (Fe+++) caused the synergistic effect on rusty-root formation in ginseng when it was used with pectinase. The effect of ferric ion (Fe++) on rusty-root formation was slow, compared with Fe+++, probably due to gradual oxidation to Fe+++. Other metal ions including the ferric ion (Fe++) did not affect rusty-root formation. The endophytic bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Lysobacter gummosus, Pseudomonas veronii, Pseudomonas marginalis, Rhodococcus erythropolis, and Rhodococcus globerulus, and the rotten-root forming phytophathogenic fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans, caused rusty-root. The polyphenol formation (rusty color) was not significantly different between microorganisms. The rotten-root-forming C. destructans produced large quantities of external cellulase activity (=2.3 U[μM/min/mg protein]), which indicated the pathogenecity of the fungus, whereas the bacteria produced 0.1-0.7 U. The fungal external pectinase activities (0.05 U) and rusty-root formation activity were similar to those of the bacteria. In this report, we proved that microbial hydrolyzing enzymes caused rusty-root (Hue value 15˚) of ginseng, and ferrous ion worsened the symptom.