조직공정성의 개념 및 조직시민행동과의 관계에 대한 이론적 고찰

안관영,변태수 尙志大學校産業經營硏究所 2002 産業經營硏究 Vol.12 No.-

This study is based on the customer's satisfaction and emphasizes the high class service and the importance of personal service-quality according to the customer's visiting for the hotel accomodations located at chun-cheon city area. Service environment quality has become one of major factors in the selection of various purchase decisions, In fact, the level of a server's service quality affects the hotel firm's performance and the server's quality is emphasized not only as key determinants of the customer's satisfaction but also as complements of the server's strategic variables. This study focuses attention on the need of guests and some changes affect resort hotel companied only at an individual level. Hotel industry should be changed to promote diffusion of innovations or the spread of new ideas or hotel service products for behavioral characteristics of the consumers visiting Chun-cheon area. In addition, they should conduct occasional consumer decision surveys to monitor their standing with guests.

데이타흐름 시스템에서의 성능평가에 관한 연구

유관종,최종석,신지수,변승환 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1989 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

A concept of data flow computer is a radical departure from that of Von Neumann type computers since the central concept of sequential execution is discarded. Data flow model offers an entirely new way of view the execution of program. This paper describes the data flow graph partitioning algorithm for enhancing the efficiency of the data flow architecture which consists of Processing Elements, Distributor, Arbitrator and Global Memory, and evaluate the performance of the proposed data flow system.

간경변증 환자의 정신과적 특성 및 아임상적 간성뇌병증 진단을 위한 연구 : 인지기능 및 유발전위를 중심으로 Cognitive Functions and Evoked Potentials

유승호,이소영,김진세,변관수,정인과 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 본 연구는 명백한 간성뇌병증이 없는 간경변증 환자에서 불안, 우울기분 및 삶의 질 등 정신과적 특징과 신경심리학적인 결손의 양상을 밝히기 위해서 고안되었다. 그리고 아임상적 간성뇌병증의 평가에서 체성감각 유발전위 검사의 역할을 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 간경변증으로 진단된 41명의 환자군과 정상 대조군 31명을 대상으로 하였다. 이들에서 우울기분 및 불안을 평가하기 위해 Beck Depression Inventory와 State & Trait Anxiety Inventory를 시행하였고 삶의 질의 평가를 위해 Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire를 시행하였다. 또한 어휘검사, 숫자외우기 검사, 토막짜기 검사, 숫자기호 바꿔쓰기 검사 및 선로잇기 검사 A와 B 등 간단하지만 포괄적인 인지기능검사를 시행하였다. 또한 41명의 환자군 중에서 인지기능검사 결과에 의거하여 분류된 13명의 아임상적 간성뇌병증군(SHE군)과 11명의 아임상적 간성뇌병증이 아닌 간경변증 환자군(non-SHE군) 그리고 8명의 정상 대조군에서 체성감각 유발전위를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 간경변증 환자는 정상인에 비해서 우울기분과 특성불안이 유의하게 증가하였다. 또한 건강과 관련된 일상생활의 삶의 질의 수준이 정상인보다 저하되었고, 특히 주의력과 각성이 요구되는 행동에서 수행이 저하되었다. 또한, 간경변증 환자는 숫자기호 바꿔쓰기 검사와 선로잇기 검사에서 정상 대조군보다 저하된 수행을 나타내었다. 또한 이러한 인지기능검사를 통해서 진단한 아임상적 간성뇌병증군에서 6개월 추적조사를 하였을 때, 명백한 간성뇌병증의 빈도가 아임상적 간성뇌병증이 아닌 군보다 유의하게 높았다. 체성감각 유발전위 소견은 N65 잠복기와 N20-N65 IPL의 경우 SHE군, non-SHE군 및 정상 대조군 사이의 유의한 차이가 있었다. 특히 N65는 SHE군만이 정상 대조군과 유의한 차이가 있었고 N95는 숫자기호 바꿔쓰기 검사 및 선로잇기 검사 A와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론 : 간경변증 환자에게 우울 및 불안 등 정서적인 어려움에 대한 실제적인 관리 및 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 치료적 접근이 고려되어야 하겠다. 또한 숫자기호 바꿔쓰기 검사와 선로잇기 검사가 아임상적 간성뇌병증의 조기 진단에 민감하고 유용한 도구로 생각되어 간경변증 환자에서 정례적으로 적용시키는 것이 간경변증 환자의 관리에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 마지막으로, 본 연구에서의 체성감각 유발전위 소견은 간경변증 환자에서 아임상적 간성뇌병증 환자의 진단 및 연구에 중요한 의미를 지닌다고 생각된다. Objectives : This study was designed to elucidate the psychiatric characteristics and nature of the neuropsychological deficits associated with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy(SHE) in patients with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis. And also the authors prospectively studied the role of somatosensory evoked potentials(SEP) in the assessment of SHE. Methods : Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) for measuring depression, State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) for measuring anxiety, and Health-related Quality of Questionnaire(HQLQ) for measuring quality of life were administered the 41 non-encephalopathic liver cirrhosis patients(NELC) group and 31 carefully matched normal controls. And a prospective study to compare the performance of NELC group and normal controls on a short but comprehensive cognitive tests was conducted. After several cognitive, NELC group was divided into two groups, SHE group and non-SHE group by results of digit symbol substitution test(DSST) and/or trail making test(TMT) A and B. And then median nerve evoked cortical responses in 13 SHE patients group, 11 non-SHE patients group, and 8 normal controls were recorded for latencies of N13, P16, N20, P25, N30, P45, N65, and P95. And also responses for N13-N20 interpeak latency(IPL) and N20-N65 IPL were recorded. Results : There were significant differences between the NELC group and normal controls on BDI, trait anxiety scales in STAI, and almost all HQLQ except for the cognitive function, social interaction and life satisfaction(p<0.05). The NELC group exhibited poor performance in DSST, TMT A and TMT B compared with normal controls(p<0.05). As 17 NELC patients had abnormal cognitive test results, 41.5% of cirrhotic patients had SHE. In SEP assessment, NELC group with SHE and without SHE had higher N20-N65 IPL and only NELC group with SHE had higher N65 latency compared with normal controls(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study suggests that the patients with liver cirrhosis exhibit relatively selective deficits in complex attentional and fine motor skills, with preservation of general intellectual ability, memory, language and visuospatial perception. DSST, TMT A and TMT B seem to be useful screening tests for the detection of SHE. And also it is expected that late components and N20-N65 IPLs of SEP are helpful in the assessment of SHE.

한국에서 원인 미상의 급성간염 환자와 건강인에서의 E형 간염 표지자의 발현상

변관수(Kwan Soo byun),연종은(Jong Eun Yeon),권오상(Oh Sang Kwon),박영태(Young Tae Bak),김진호(Jin Ho Kim),권소영(So Young Kwon),이창홍(Chang Hong Lee) 대한소화기학회 1996 대한소화기학회지 Vol.28 No.5

N/A Background/Aims: Recently hepatitis E virus(HEV) has been cloned and the enzyme immuno- assay(EIA) for anti-HEV has been useful in diagnosis and epidemiological studies for HEV infection. Hepatitis E has not still been reported in Korea, therefore the clinical significance of anti-HEV detected in the population is uncertain. This study was performed to investigate the clinical HEV infection in Korea and to evaluate the reliability of anti-HEV for the diagnosis and epidemiological study of HEV infection. Methods: Sera were collected from the patients with acute hepatitis(31 non-A, non-B, non-C, 20 toxic or drug induced, 9 fulminant hepatitis), 199 healthy adults and 30 patients with acute hepatitis B as control groups. Testing for IgG and IgM anti-HEV was done by EIA. Results: IgG anti-HEV was detected in 9.7% of non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis, 15% of toxic hepatitis and none of fulminant hepatitis. IgG anti-HEV was also detected in 9.5% of healthy adults and in 3.3% of acute hepatitis B and the detection rates among acute hepatitis groups were not significantly different from controls. Only 1 case among acute hepatitis groups was positive for both IgG and IgM anti-HEV and the IgM antibody was sustaindly detected but IgG antibody was not detected within 2 months follow up. 2 cases of healthy adults were positive for IgM anti-HEV without IgG anti-HEV. Conclusions: Sporadic hepatitis E seems to be rare in Korea. Anti-HEV EIA is incomplete for the diagnosis of HEV infection and IgM anti-HEV might be nonspecific for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E. Therefore, careful interpretation of anti-HEV is needed in the diagnosis or epidemiological study of HEV infection. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1996; 28:661 - 668)

한국인의 급성 및 만성 간질환에서 C 형 간염 바이러스 항체 ( anti - HCV ) 의 발현상

변관수(Kwan Soo Byun),서동진(Dong Jin Sah) 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.40 No.4

N/A Since the development of diagnostic tests for hepatitis A and B viruses in 1975, it was apparent that most cases of post-transfusion hepatitis are not caused by these agents or any other known hepatotropic virus such as cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus. Termed non-A, non-B hepatitis, the causative agent has remained frustratingly elusive despite intensive research for over a decade. However, a major causative agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis (hepatitis C virus) was characterized recently by using efficient nucleic acid extraction and cloning techniques coupled with an immunoscreening approach, and then a capture assay for circulating viral antibody (anti-HCV) to the recombinant-based antigen was developed. So we detected anti-HCV in the sera of 335 patients with various liver diseases using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the prevalence of anti-HCV in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases in Korea. In 69 patients with presumed acute non-A, non-B hepatitis, 9 cases (13.0%) were positive for anti-HCV, while 11 (30.6%) among 36 patients with HBsAg positive acute viral hepatitis, who had neither IgM anti-HAV nor IgM anti-HAV, were anti-HCV positive. Anti-HCV was detected in the sera of 13 (44. 8%) out of 29 patients with HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis. In patients with HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis, the positive rate of anti-HCV was significantly different (p<0.05) between those with HBeAg (13.3%) and without HBeAg (46.4%). The highest positive rate (50%) of anti-HCV was found in patients with HBsAg negative hepatocellular carcinoma, while 25% of patients with HBsAg negative liver cirrhosis were anti-HCV positive. These results suggest that hepatitis C virus has an important etiologic role in HBsAg negative chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea, and superinfection of hepatitis C virus is not infrequent and may modify the natural course of chronic HBV infection.

급성 바이러스성 간염

변관수 ( Kwan Soo Byun ) 대한간학회 2010 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.16 No.2(S)

The epidemiology of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is dynamic and influenced by various factors including hygiene, socioeconomic changes and vaccination strategies. Of cases of AVH in Korea, acute hepatitis A accounted for 77%, acute hepatitis B for 4%, acute hepatitis C for 3%. During recent years, acute hepatitis A incidence has increased remarkably up to 14,966 cases in 2009. It suggests that the incidence of hepatitis A might be higher than 30 cases per 100,000 population. This finding urges to promote vaccination for childhood and high risk groups. The incidence of acute hepatitis B has declined dramatically in nearly all countries since 1992 when hepatitis B vaccine be included in all infant immunization programs. Antiviral treatment is only indicated for patients with fulminant hepatitis B and protracted, severe acute hepatitis B. An accurate diagnosis of acute hepatitis C can often be elusive. Patients with acute hepatitis C should be considered for interferon-based antiviral therapy. In recent years, autochthonous hepatitis E has been reported in many non-endemic developed countries. During recent years, in Korea, over a hundred cases of presumed hepatitis E has been reported. The diagnosis in majority of these cases depended on only IgM anti-HEV test, however, serologic test did not correlate completely with viremia in the diagnosis of acute HEV infection. Detection of HEV RNA in sera or feces together with seropositivity for IgM anti-HEV and seroconversion to IgG anti-HEV should be included in the diagnosis for HEV infection.

한국인에서 Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ( ALDH2 ) 의 유전적 결핍이 알코올성 간질환 발생에 미치는 영향

변관수(Kwan Soo Byun),권소영(So Young Kwon),박상훈(Sang Hoon Park),구양서(Yang Suh Koo),연종은(Jong Eun Yeon),김재선(Jae Seon Kim),박영태(Young Tae Bak),김진호(Jin Ho Kim),김종극(Jong Guk Kim),이창홍(Chang Hong Lee) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.45 No.3

N/A Background: Deficiency of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is an inborn error of metabolism that is responsible for acute alcohol sensitivity (flushing response) observed only in Orientals of Mongoloid origin. The subjects with the mutant ALDH2 gene are at much lower risk than homozygotes of normal ALDH2 genes for alcoholic liver disease presumably because of their sensitivity to alcohol. However, the role of the mutant ALDH2 gene in the development of alcoholic liver disease had not yet been we11 analyzed. In this study, genotypes of ALDH2 were compared between normal controls and patients with alcoholic liver disease to clarify the role of ALDH2 deficiency in the development of alcoholic liver disease. Method: Genotyping of ALDH2 was performed in 33 normal controls and 30 patients with alcoholic liver disease using the polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot hybridization by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. Result: In 33 normal controls, 19 cases (57.6%) were homozygotic for the normal ALDH2 gene, 13 cases (39.4%) were heterozygotic for the normal and mutant ALDH2 genes and 1 caw (3.0%) was homozygotic for the mutant ALDH2 gene. All normal controls who had the mutant ALDH2 gene experienced facial flushing response after drinking. Amount of alcohol intake each time in controls who had the mutant ALDH2 gene was much smaller than that in normal ALDH2 homozygotes (p<0.001). All patients with alcoholic liver disease were homozygotic for the normal ALOH2 gene. The frequency of ALDH2 deficiency in patients with alcoholic liver disease was significantly lower than that in normal controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that ALDH2 deficiency is one of the important genetic factors in regulating alcohol consumption and plays a protective role against alcoholism and alcoholic liver diseases.

개인적 특성에 따른 자발적이직에 관한 연구 : 서울 관광호텔 접객종사원을 중심으로

변태수,안관영 尙志大學校 産業經營硏究所 1998 産業經營硏究 Vol.7 No.-

뇌실질내에 발생한 뇌 동정맥기형 1례

卞博章,崔淳官,李仁洙 순천향의과대학 1979 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.4

The authors describe a patient with intraventricular hemorrhage from an intra cerebral arteriovenous malformation of the occipital lobe which was fed by parietooccipital branch of right posterior cerebtal artery. The CT brain scan contributed to give further information such as intraventicular hematoma which was not found at cerebral arteriography. Much more frequently the malformations are located in superficial or cortical areas and relatively rare. Intracerebral origin is the general pictures of cerebral AVM are discussed.

C형 바이러스 간염의 최신지견

변관수,이창홍 대한가정의학회 1992 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.13 No.4