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Bi Hongxia,Sun Xingyuan,Shi Hanbing,Ou Zhimin 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.1
Tert-butyl (3R,5S)-6-chloro-3,5-dihydroxyhexanoate was synthesized using asymmetric reduction of tertbutyl (S)-6-chloro-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-hexanoate with liquid-core immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC No. 2233. The optimum conditions for preparation of the liquid-core immobilized cells were found to be 2% guar gum,5% CaCl2, 0.8% sodium alginate, capsule diameter 2mm, 0.3% chitosan (1.0×105) solution, and 30 min for formation of the film of liquid-core immobilized cells. The optimum re-cultivation time was 32 h. The optimum reduction conditions were found to be pH 6.8-7.2, 160 r/min, and 30 oC. Conversion was found to reach 100% when initial concentration of substrate was less than 50 g/L. The diastereomeric excess of tert-butyl (3R,5S)-6-chloro-3,5-dihydroxyhexanoate exceeded 99%. The liquid-core immobilized cells retained their effectiveness even after 15 uses.
Cytotoxic Effect of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Hull Against Cancer Cells
Seung-Shi Ham,Soo-Hyun Kim,Cheng-Bi Cui,강일준,Sun Young Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.2
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumMoench) hull was extracted with 70% ethanol and then further fraction-ated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water stepwise. In thein vitrotest (SRB assay), hexane and ethyl acetatefractions showed higher inhibition effects against MCF-7 cells than other samples at the 1 mg/mL level: 89% and 93.2%, re-spectively. They also displayed higher inhibition rates against Hep3B cells of 83.6% and 75.3%, respectively, at 1 mg/mL.The ethyl acetate fraction yielded the highest inhibition rate against A549 cells with the level of 0.25 mg/mL, but it showeda lower inhibition rate than the hexane and chloroform fractions at higher levels of sample, i.e., 0.75 and 1.0 mg/mL. All sam-ples showed higher inhibition effects against AGS human gastric carcinoma than any other cancer cells. The inhibition ratesagainst HeLa cells were 81.2% and 82.0% for the chloroform and butanol fraction with 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. However,all samples yielded an inhibition rate of less than 35% against normal cells, at all treatment levels, except the ethanol extract.All extracts at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg showed decreases of more than 20% and 42%, respectively, in tumor formation insarcoma-180 implanted mice except for the aqueous fraction. From these results, it is suggested that buckwheat hull possessesanticancer properties against a variety of different cancer cell lines.
김석주,여필순 영남대학교 지역발전연구소 2002 영남지역발전연구 Vol.30 No.-
In an effort to introduce the developments and research, this thesis looked briefly into developments of urban geography achieved in China after adopting the Reform and Opening Policy in 1978, along with research trend in this field, so to contribute to widening Korean geographers' knowledge about this subject. China's urban geography started from almost a blank, but has been developing at comparatively fast speed. Chinese urban geographers have been absorbing constructively relative urban geography theories abroad and grafting them into China's realities and so have constructed the urban geography research system that has chinese figures and at the same time harmonize with world rules. China's urban geography researches are progressed in such 4 fields below: As far as the research of urbanization is concerned, the most important influencing factor has been considered to be industrialization, but recently with the fast-speed development of rural enterprisers, the development of small-size cities in the usual districts has also become a distinct fact. About the research of internal space structure, study on city's internal commercial districts is the main stream along with the development of 3-degree industry. And the research about CBD has also started. In the research about urban system, most attempts are centered on drawing out normal methods of the urban system's development based on Central Place Theory. However, the problem that there are much more macro-research than micro-research has become obvious. Research about urban development policy can be generally classified as "to control large cities, develop media-sized cities reasonably, and develop small-sized cities actively" policy. With the exception of the 4 fields discussed above, research fields such as urban design, urban continuance possibilities, urban social geography, urban-district, have also been progressed steadily, but they will be left as the research subjects discussed hereafter.
Hongzhe Shi,Wen Zhang,Xingang Bi,Dong Wang,Zejun Xiao,Youyan Guan,Kaopeng Guan,Jun Tian,Hongsong Bai,Linjun Hu,Chuanzhen Cao,Weixing Jiang,Zhilong Hu,Jin Zhang,Yan Chen,Shan Zheng,Xiaoli Feng,Changlin 대한암학회 2021 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.53 No.4
Purpose Reduced quality of life after cystectomy has made bladder preservation a popular research topic for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Previous research has indicated significant tumor downstaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed before NAC to define the pathology, impacting the real evaluation of NAC. This research aimed to assess real NAC efficacy without interference from TURBT and apply combined modality therapies guided by NAC efficacy. Materials and Methods Patients with cT2-4aN0M0 MIBC were confirmed by cystoscopic biopsy and imaging. NAC efficacy was assessed by imaging, urine cytology, and cystoscopy with multidisciplinary team discussion. Definite responders (≤ T1) underwent TURBT plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Incomplete responders underwent radical cystectomy or partial cystectomy if feasible. The primary endpoint was the bladder preservation rate. Results Fifty-nine patients were enrolled, and the median age was 63 years. Patients with cT3-4 accounted for 75%. The median number of NAC cycles was three. Definite responders were 52.5%. The complete response (CR) was 10.2%, and 59.3% of patients received bladder-sparing treatments. With a median follow-up of 44.6 months, the 3-year overall survival (OS) was 72.8%. Three-year OS and relapse-free survival were 88.4% and 60.0% in the bladder-sparing group but only 74.3% and 37.5% in the cystectomy group. The evaluations of preserved bladder function were satisfactory. Conclusion After stratifying MIBC patients by NAC efficacy, definite responders achieved a satisfactory bladder-sparing rate, prognosis, and bladder function. The CR rate reflected the real NAC efficacy for MIBC. This therapy is worth verifying through multicenter research.
Open STT API와 머신러닝을 이용한 AI 보이스피싱 예방 솔루션
모시은 ( Shi-eun Mo ),양혜인 ( Hye-in Yang ),조은비 ( Eun-bi Cho ),윤종호 ( Jong-ho Yoon ) 한국정보처리학회 2022 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.29 No.2
본 논문은 보이스피싱에 취약한 VoIP와 일반 유선전화 상의 보안을 위해 유선전화의 대화내용을 Google STT API 및 텍스트 자연어 처리를 통해 실시간으로 보이스피싱 위험도를 알 수 있는 모델을 제안했다. 보이스피싱 데이터를 Data Augmentation와 BERT 모델을 활용해 보이스피싱을 예방하는 솔루션을 구상했다.
Naringin and Naringenin Relax Rat Tracheal Smooth by Regulating BKCa Activation
Rui Shi,Jia-Wen Xu,Zi-Ting Xiao,Ruo-Fei Chen,Yi-Lin Zhang,Jia-Bi Lin,Ke-Ling Cheng,Gu-Yi Wei,Pei-Bo Li,Wen-Liang Zhou,Wei-Wei Su 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.9
Naringin and its aglycone, naringenin, occur naturally in our regular diet and traditional Chinese medicines. This study aimed to detect an effective therapeutic approach for cough variant asthma (CVA) through evaluating the relaxant effect of these two bioactive herbal monomers as antitussive and antiasthmatic on rat tracheal smooth muscle. The relaxant effect was determined by measuring muscular tension with a mechanical recording system in rat tracheal rings. Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was measured using a confocal imaging system in primary cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells. In rat tracheal rings, addition of both naringin and naringenin could concentration dependently relax carbachol (CCh)-evoked tonic contraction. This epithelium-independent relaxation could be suppressed by BaCl2, tetraethylammonium, and iberiotoxin (IbTX), but not by glibenclamide. After stimulating primary cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells by CCh or high KCl, the intracellular Ca2+ increase could be inhibited by both naringin and naringenin, respectively. This reaction was also suppressed by IbTX. These results demonstrate that both naringin and naringenin can relax tracheal smooth muscle through opening big conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, which mediates plasma membrane hyperpolarization and reduces Ca2+ influx. Our data indicate a potentially effective therapeutic approach of naringin and naringenin for CVA.
Peng Liao,Shi-Qin Hu,Hong Zhang,Liang-Bi Xu,Jing-Zi Liu,Bin He,Shang-Gao Liao,Yong-Jun Li 대한화학회 2018 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.39 No.3
In our previous studies, we have shown that thiourea compounds containing phosphate esters have potent antitumor activity and can be used as a novel strategy for the development of antitumor agents. Herein, a series of novel phosphonate thioureas 5–38 have been synthesized, which were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectrum, elemental analysis. Three human cancer cell lines (Bcap-37, BGC-823, and PC-3) have been used to investigate these compounds’ antitumor activities. After the summarization of the structure–activity relationships, we found that the variation of R, R1, and R2 in these novel phosphonate thioureas contribute to the antitumor activities. All these SAR-guided efforts may lead to novel antitumor drugs in the market in the near future.