http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
퇴직한 납 취급 근로자들에서 골밀도 저하와 경골납량이 혈중납량에 미치는 영향
김남수,김진호,김화성,김희선,이성수,Andrew C. Todd,이병국 한국산업보건학회 2006 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.16 No.4
This study was designed to investigate the effect of bone demineralization and tibia lead on blood lead in retired lead workers. Two hundred thirty five(126 females and 109 males) retired lead workers who worked in 4 different lead factories and 101 non-occupationally lead exposed subjects(51 females and 51 males) were recruited from March 2004 to October 2004. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured at left calcaneous bone area by broadband ultrasound attenuation(BUA) method with QUS-2(Metra Biosystems Inc, USA). The BUA value transformed into T-score by WHO standard conversion criteria. Tibia bone lead was measured for skeletal bone lead with K-xray fluorescence(K-XRF) and blood lead was analyzed with flameless atomic spectrophotometer. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum calcium and iron were also analyzed. In addition, information for smoking and drinking status and basic personal data such as age, gender and lead exposure were also collected using questionnaire inquiry. Blood lead was correlated with tibia lead (r=0.664) and these two variables were negatively correlated with BMD in bivariate analysis. BMD showed significant main effect on the change of blood lead independent to tibia lead without any effect modification of age or gender; the one T-score unit decrease of mineral bone density made 0.43㎍/㎗ increase of blood lead. On the other hand, tibia lead showed effect modification with gender on blood lead; the slope of tibia lead on blood lead in male was steeper than in female and crossed at around zero of tibia lead. In the multiple regression analysis of blood lead and tibia lead on BMD after adjustment of related covariates, only blood lead showed statistically significant effect on BMD. This study confirmed that BMD and blood lead were significantly associated. To verify the causal association of BMD on blood lead and vice versa, further longitudinal studies are needed.
만성 신질환에서 혈중납량 및 골중납량과 신기능 저하의 관련성
양종오 ( Jong Oh Yang ),김남수 ( Nam Soo Kim ),이은영 ( Eun Young Lee ),홍세용 ( Sae Yong Hong ),( Andrew C. Todd ),이병국 ( Byung Kook Lee ) 대한신장학회 2011 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.30 No.6
Purpose: This study assessed the environmental lead exposure in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the relationship between lead exposure and renal function indices. Methods: Seventy-one patients with CKD and 40 control subjects without known renal disease were included. Blood lead was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and tibial lead was measured via 109Cd-based K-shell X-ray fluorescence. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urine creatinine and urine N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase (NAG) were also measured. Blood lead was corrected with hematocrit (female: 35%, male: 42%) to adjust for differences in anemic status of patients compared with control subjects. Results: The mean level of hematocrit-adjusted blood lead was significantly higher in patients with CKD (4.18±1.74 μg/dL) compared with that in control subjects (3.00±0.92 μg/dL); the mean tibial lead level tended to be higher in patients with CKD (3.38±9.93 μg/g) than that in control subjects (1.28±7.92 μg/ g), but no statistical significance was observed. In a multivariate regression analysis after adjusting for gender, age, and drinking and smoking status, adjusted blood lead was a significant predictor of increases in BUN and serum creatinine, but not of the level of urine NAG or creatinine. In contrast, no significant association between tibial lead and renal indices was observed in the multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: These results suggest that environmental lead exposure may compromise renal function.