공동주택 지하주차장 평면형태 및 환기구의 배치에 따른 공기유동에 관한 연구

박성원 부산대학교 2010 국내석사

The study on the airflow based on the array of ventilator and plan of the underground parking lot in apartment As demands of the residents have been variously changing according to the construction of the apartment house and the fast economic growth, the construction companies spurs the development of the apartment house flavored with environmental friendly factors. Also because of the multiple apartment project, the basement car park alone can not handle the rapid growth of the vehicles and the resident puts more and more emphasis on securing car park space for the freedom from the vehicles on the ground and for the safety of their children. Recently, as the interest about natural energy, the tendency minimizing the mechanical energy also appears. According to this trend, there has been growing attempts in order to apply the environmental friendly technologies to the apartment house. But the reality is that the systems doesn't virtually function well because the existing mechanical systems are applied. Consequently, the deterioration of the air and the brightness in the basement car park exacerbates the environments of the basement car park. And the study on the feasibility of the natural ventilation according to the unit-plan type of the basement car park and the performance of the skylight, is still insignificant. Thus, in this study, we intend to simulate, through the CFD, the air current by natural driving power by classifying the existing basement car parks into the unit-plan type and the direction of the vehicle traffic. Through classifying the existing basement car parks by the type of vehicle traffic that is the type of arrangement such as one-way or bidirectional traffic and deploying the ventilating openings by 3 types which enables the skylights, linked the ground for the purpose of collecting the light, play the role of ventilation at the same time, we forecast the air current of the basement car park by using CFD(Computational Fluids Dynamics) and, based on that, suggest the plan to improve the ventilating function of the basement car park by utilizing the natural ventilation. In this study, we research the general theories, that is 'the ventilation theory of underground space and the test method of ventilating performance' and interpret, through CFD, the air current of the target models according to the layout of the ventilation openings based on mean of air age and air exchange effectiveness by using computer simulation. As a result, we draw the conclusion as follows: (1) In respect of the air age according to the type of the vehicle traffic such as one way traffic and bidirectional traffic, the bidirectional traffic shows 30,405 seconds while 14,070 seconds in one way traffic indicating that the one way traffic abates by more than 50%. Therefore, the air of the basement car park with one way traffic has superior air quality because of its' shorter air age. (2) In case of the existing basement car parks, Case A' air exchange rate is 4.44 while 7.76 times/h in Case B and 1.94 times/h in Case C. It appears comparatively small in Case C. We can draw the conclusion, through this finding, that the placement of several natural ventilators in the middle and on the edge is more effective than the placement of the natural ventilator with big area in the middle when placing natural ventilator. (3) In case of Case B where the installation is in the middle and on the edge of the basement car park, it appears excellent in both the air exchange and the air age, but the effective area of the space on the ground abates. There requires a plan for the placement accordingly. (4) In case of Case C where the circular air-vent with the smallest area of air-vent is installed, the velocity of air current appears the fastest. Thus, it seems that there requires the research on the appropriate size and the layout plan of the circular air-vents for the purpose of the increase of effective space on the ground. It is also necessary to comprehend the appropriate locations in order to improve the performance of the natural ventilation, through examining the characteristic of the air current according to the type of ventilating openings installed in the basement car park, the velocity of the current, the pressure distribution and the installation of the auxiliary equipments for the natural ventilation.

Genetic analysis of PARK2 gene in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease

박인원 忠南大學校 新藥專門大學院 2016 국내박사

Mutations in PARK2 are considered a common cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). To assess the frequency of PARK2 mutations in the Korean population, we screened the PARK2 gene in 83 Korean PD patients: two young onset (YO, ≤49), 32 middle onset (MO, 50-69) and 49 late onset (LO, 70). Detection of the point mutations was performed by direct sequencing of the PARK2 exons, and exonic rearrangements were analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Five known PARK2 variants were identified in 53 (63.9%) of the Korean PD patients: two missense mutations (Y267H and M458L) and three polymorphisms (S167N, L272I and V380L). We also found an increased frequency of PARK2 variants in PD patients and a lowered PD age at onset (AAO) in those having two variants, suggesting that the genetic variation in PARK2 gene might be a genetic risk factor of PD in Korean population.

How does the national park management deliver their services? The perspective of service marketing focused on gunung gede pangrango national park, Indonesia

Maulana, Firman 서울시립대학교 국제도시과학대학원 2018 국내석사

인도네시아에 설립된 가장 오래된 국립공원 중 하나인 구눙 게대 빵랑오 국립공원(GGPNP)은 관광 개발의 기초로 생태관광을 선택했다. 생태관광과 관련된 모든 혜택에 관계 없이 미래에 최적의 이익을 얻으려면 여전히 해결해야 할 과제가 있다. 정부기관으로서 GGPNP는 방문객에게 서비스를 제공하는 관광 활동을 지원하는 단순한 관리 이상의 또 다른 역할을 한다. 최근의 사실은 국립공원에 방문하는 관광객 수가 여전히 적다는 것을 보여주며 그 이유 중 하나는 국립공원에서 마케팅에 대한 관심이 낮기 때문이다. 국립공원은 또한 성과 중 하나인 방문 관광객 수에 대한 목표를 달성해야 하지만 GGPNP의 경영진은 서비스 마케팅을 시행하여 국립공원을 홍보하는 방법에 주목하기 시작해야 한다. 이러한 이유로 본 연구는 서비스 마케팅 관점에서 GGPNP가 서비스를 제공하는 방법을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 또한 이 논문은 생태관광 원리를 강조하는 경영진 측면과 인지된 서비스 성과 차원을 강조하는 방문객 관점에서 서비스 마케팅의 3가지 요소(인력, 물리적 증거, 프로세스 관리)를 탐구한다. 조사 결과에 따르면 GGPNP의 서비스 마케팅 구현은 전반적으로 중간 수준이다. 이는 GGPNP가 이미 표준 서비스 마케팅을 수행하지만 마케팅 가치를 높이기 위해 해결하고 개선해야 할 몇 가지 사항이 있다는 것을 의미한다. 인적 요소의 경우 GGPNP는 방문객에게 더 나은 서비스를 제공하기 위해 더 많은 인력을 충원하고 더 많은 교육을 제공해야 한다. 물리적 증거 요소의 경우 방문객은 GGPNP가 국립공원 지역에 머무는 동안 방문객에게 더 많은 지식과 편의를 제공하기 위해 국립공원 지역에 정보 표지판과 위생 시설을 개선하거나 추가해야 한다고 생각한다. 마지막으로, 프로세스 관리 요소에서 GGPNP는 더 많은 절차를 추가하고 고객 평가, 방문 우선순위 시민에 대한 대우(노인, 임산부, 장애인, 어린이), 방문객에게 피드백을 제공하는 방식에 대해 구체적인 사항을 추가해야 한다. GGPNP의 경영진에게 이 결과가 의미하는 바는 특히 인도네시아에서 국립공원의 서비스 마케팅에 대해 논의하는 이전 연구가 없었기 때문에 공식적인 계획 전략을 위한 마케팅 참조자료와 디딤돌을 제공하는 것이다. 또한 훌륭한 서비스 마케팅을 시행함으로써 장기적으로 국립공원을 방문하여 보존 메시지를 받고 환경에 대한 소속감을 높일 수 있는 사람들이 더 많아질 것이다. Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) one of the oldest national parks established in Indonesia has chosen ecotourism as the basis of their strategy in developing tourism. Regardless of all of the benefits that come with ecotourism, there are challenges that are still need to be addressed to gain optimum benefit in the future. As a government agency, GGPNP has another role than just mere conservation which is supporting tourism activities which mainly about delivering a service to its visitors. The recent data shows that the number of tourist arrival to the national park is still low, and one of the reasons is the low interest of marketing for a national park. While the national park also needs to achieve the target for tourist arrival as one of their performance, the management of GGPNP needs to start their attention on how to market the national park through the implementation of service marketing. Due to these reasons, this research was conducted to examine how the GGPNP delivers their services from the perspective of services marketing. In particularly, this thesis explores the three elements of services marketing (personnel, physical evidence, and process management) from the perspective of management which emphasizes ecotourism principles and the perspective of visitor which emphasizes on perceived service performance dimension. The results of this survey show that as overall the implementation of service marketing in GGPNP is at a moderate level. This means that GGPNP already perform standard service marketing but there are several things that need to be addressed and improved to increase their marketing value. From the personnel element, the GGPNP need to consider adding more personnel and provide them with more training in order to deliver better services to the visitor. For the physical evidence element, the result also shows that the visitor thinks that GGPNP needs to improve or add more information signage and sanitary facilities in the national park area to give more knowledge and comfortability toward visitor during their stay in the area of national park. Lastly, from the process management element shown that GGPNP need to add more procedure and put more specific details on customer evaluation, treatment for priority citizen (elderly, pregnant woman, disabled person, and children) that come to visit, and how they provide their feedback to the visitor. This research is expected to serve as a stepping stone and reference on marketing and planning strategies of GGPNP since there was no previous research that discusses service marketing in the national park especially in Indonesia. Furthermore, by implementing good services marketing it is expected that for long-term outcome there will be more people to visit a national park to receive the message of conservation and hence increase their sense of belonging toward the environment.

Adequacy evaluation of urban park provision considering accessibility and amenity by age and gender cohorts

박시진 한양대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

Characterization and evaluation of the gene expression profile for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease

박영목 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2024 국내박사

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human-wildlife Conflict in Bardia National Park, Nepal

PAUDEL, Prabin University of Seoul, International School of Urban 2021 국내석사

지구 생태계의 균형을 이루기 위해서는 야생 생물 보존이 필수적이다. 하지만 야생 동물이 인간에게 피해를 입히면 인간은 그에 대한 복수로 야생 동물을 살상한다. 따라서 생태계 및 인간이 영위하는 생활의 지속 가능성을 위해서는 충돌을 최소화해야 한다. 인간과 야생 동물의 충돌은 바르디아 국립 공원(Bardia National Park)의 주요한 해결 과제이다. 효과적인 충돌 관리를 위해서는 구체적인 시공간 정보가 필수적이다. 그렇기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 바르디아 국립 공원의 완충 지대에서 11년(2010~2020) 동안 발생하여 기록된 충돌의 시공간적 분포를 조사하였다. 데이터 분석에는 기술 및 추론 통계를 사용하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면 기록된 충돌 횟수가 매년 증가하고 있다. 평균적으로 연간 806 건의 충돌이 기록되었다. 이 보호 구역에서 발생한 충돌의 주요 대상 종은 코끼리와 표범인데, 충돌의 59%가 남부 지역에서 기록되었다. 인간과 코끼리의 충돌 중 60% 이상이 8월, 9월, 10월 및 11월에 발생했다. 충돌이 가장 빈번한 계절은 종마다 다르지만, 코끼리, 표범, 호랑이 및 멧돼지의 경우 충돌의 계절적 분포가 유의미하다. 조사 대상 기간 동안의 손실 평가액 중 37%만이 보조금 형태로 지급되었다. 보조금을 받기까지의 과정도 길다. 따라서 지역을 바탕으로 주요 충돌 종을 관리하기 위한 월간 일정이 필수적이다. 초식 동물의 입맛에 덜 맞는 대체 작물을 재배하고 육식 동물의 침입을 막을 수 있는 축사를 장려하는 것이 필요하다. 전기 울타리를 설치하고 유지하며 대체 생계 수단을 제공함으로써 사람들의 삼림 출입을 줄이는 것 또한 중요하다. 이에 더해, 지역 사회를 대상으로 야생 동물의 행동에 대한 지식을 제공하고 교육을 실시하는 또한 바르디아 국립 공원 내에서의 충돌 사고를 축소하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. 주요어: 인간과 야생 동물의 충돌, 시공간 분포, 바르디아 국립 공권, 완충 지대 Human-wildlife conflict is one of the major conservation challenges. Detail spatial and temporal information is essential for effective conflict management. Therefore, this study examines the distribution of conflicts based on space and time for eleven years (2010 to 2020) in the buffer zone of Bardia National Park. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The result shows that the number of human-wildlife conflicts is increasing annually. Where on average, 806 conflicts per year were recorded. Elephant and leopard are the major conflicting species in this protected area, and 59 % of the conflict was recorded in the southern regions. More than sixty percent of human-elephant conflicts are recorded in August, September, October, and November. Major conflicting seasons vary with the species, where the distribution of conflict is significantly varied with the seasons for elephant, leopard, tiger, and wild boar. Attack due to carnivore is significantly higher in the new moon phase periods. Only 37 % of the evaluated loss was paid to the victim as a relief. A monthly calendar for the management of major conflicting species is essential. Farming of alternative crops that are less palatable for the herbivores and promoting predator-proof livestock shelter is needed. Where construction and maintenance of electric fences and reduction of dependency over forest resources by providing alternative sources of livelihood are crucial. Furthermore, providing knowledge and training about wildlife behavior to the local community will reduce the conflict and increase the harmony between people and wildlife.

First-Principles Characterization of Transition Metals on Oxide Films

Park, Jinwoo University of Seoul 2010 해외박사

Oxide-supported metal clusters and thin films have attracted a great deal of interest due to their importance in a wide range of technological applications, such as heterogeneous catalysis, gas sensors, corrosion-protective coatings, photovoltaic devices, and microelectronics. The adsorption, growth, and electronic characteristics of metal atoms adsorbed on oxides are of special interest, because these factors are supposed to help design and optimize methods for controlling processes concerning the desired chemical reaction and product. In this thesis, we performed ab initio electronic structure calculations to study the interactions of metal adatoms with ionic oxide atoms involving regular oxide surface atoms, surface oxygen defects like Fs centers, and metal supports. As an oxide, an MgO(001) surface, a prototype of an ionic oxide surface, was chosen here. All calculations were carried out using the density functional theory (DFT). First, a systematic approach was employed to investigate the adsorption geometries and electronic structures of late transition series (Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt) on ideal defect-free MgO(001) surfaces. For the above elements, the adsorption geometries, diffusion, and associated electronic structures were examined. Our calculations showed the favorable adsorption of the transition metal (TM) adatoms on top of the surface O atom. Further analysis showed that the TM-induced states formed in the gap region of MgO(001) vary significantly with the adsorption geometries. The DFT calculations have been also applied to investigate the adsorption of the TM adatoms (Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt) on defective MgO(001) surfaces with Fs centers as surface defects of oxides. The TM adatoms were found to favorably bind on the Fs centers. From the calculated adsorption structures and electronic structures, we carried out a systematic comparative analysis of the interactions of the metal adatoms with the surface oxygen vacancy and the regular surface oxygen atom of MgO(001). Finally, the adsorption of metal adatoms (Au and Pd) on Fe-supported ultrathin MgO(001) films was studied. Experimentally, it is well known that MgO films are epitaxially grown on Fe(001) due to their favorable physical properties. As such, the Fe/MgO/Fe junctions have been used as a system for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with huge tunneling-magnetoresistance (TMR) values. Interestingly, our calculations showed that the MgO/Fe(001) films we propose in this work can be used as a viable thin oxide model system. An analysis of the electronic structures in the systems reveals the negative charging even for Pd adatoms with a lower electron affinity. This indicates that the Fe substrate supporting the MgO films significantly influences charge and/or spin states of the metal adatoms. The physical origin of the negative charging of Pd was also discussed. These calculations demonstrate the importance of the interactions of the metal adatoms with underlying oxides for controlling the electronic and chemical properties of metal adatoms, such as charge and spin states.

Bifunctional mesoporous CoO/Nitrogen-incorporated graphene electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn-air batteries

Park, Taeho Sungkyunkwan university 2021 국내석사

Despite high energy density, low-cost, and ecofriendly, rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs) suffer from sluggish kinetics stability during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the cathode. Herein, we demonstrate CoO nanoparticles anchored on N-doped reduced graphene oxide (CoO/N-rGO) with an excellent bifunctional catalytic activity and stability and facile redox kinetics of ORR and OER for high-performance rechargeable ZABs. The CoO/N-rGO catalysts are featured with the abundant active sites, a large accessible area, and high electrochemical conductivity, which are associated with increased oxygen vacancy surface, reduced valence, and mesoporous architecture. The halfwave potential (E1/2) and electron transfer number for ORR are 0.79 V and 3.72 at 0.40 V (vs. RHE), respectively, while OER potential at 10 mA cm-2 (Ej=10) is 1.61 V (vs. RHE). Remarkably, the ZAB cell with CoO/N-rGO achieves high specific capacity of 545 mAh gzn-1, power density of 41 mW cm-2, and cyclic stabilities with high energy efficiency of 64.44% at 2 mA cm-2. In addition, post-mortem analysis validates that the oxidation and aggregation of CoO/N-rGO catalyst is mitigated while the inactivation of Zn anode is inhibited. 아연-공기 이차전지는 높은 에너지 밀도, 낮은 가격, 친환경적인 특징에도 불구하고 양극 촉매에서의 산소환원반응 (ORR)과 산소발생반응 (OER) 반응에 낮은 반응 속도와 안정성을 갖고 있습니다. ORR과 OER 두가지 반응에 높은 활성과 안정성을 갖는 전기화학촉매는 아연-공기 이차전지의 공기 전극 부분에 중요한 역할을 합니다. 현재 Pt/C, RuO2 같은 귀금속은 각각 ORR과 OER 반응에 뛰어난 성능을 띄지만 높은 비용과 수명 안정성 측면 때 문에 적용하기 어렵습니다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 코발트모노옥사이드 나노파티클과 질소도핑된 환원 그래핀 옥사이드 (CoO/N-rGO)를 통해 ORR과 OER 반응의 우수한 활성과 안정성 띄는 이기능성 촉매를 통해 고성능을 띄는 아연-공기 이차 전지를 구현했습니다. CoO/N-rGO 촉매는 풍부한 활성 범위와 넓은 반응 면적 그리고 높은 전기전도도를 특징으로 하며 이는 산소 공극 표면 증가와 원자가띠 감소 그리고 메조포어 구조와 관련이 있습니다. ORR 반응의 반파 전위 (E1/2)와 전자 전달 수는 0.4 V에서 0.79 V와 3.72를 나타냈습니다. 반면 전류밀도 10 mA cm-2 에서 OER 전압은 1.61 V (vs. RHE)를 나타냈습니다. 특히 CoO/N-rGO를 양극 촉매로 사용한 아연-공기 전지는 545 mAh gzn-1의 용량과 41 mW cm-2의 높은 출력 밀도, 2 mA cm-2의 전류밀도에서 64.44%의 높은 에너지 효율로 사이클 안정성을 보여줬습니다. 또한 사후 분석을 통해 CoO/N-rGO 촉매의 산화 및 응집이 완화되고 Zn metal 음극의 덴드라이트 형성이 억제된 특징을 보였습니다.

Self-supervised neural network-based denoiser for finite-input-general-output noisy channel

Park, Taeeon Sungkyunkwan university 2021 국내석사

We propose a new neural network-based universal denoiser for the finite-input, general-output (FIGO) channel setting. Assuming known noisy channel densities, that can be mild in many real-world scenarios, we train the network so that it can denoise as well as best sliding window denoiser for any given underlying clean source data. Our proposed algorithm, named as Generalized CUDE (Gen-CUDE), takes some desirable merits; it can be trained in a self-supervised manner (solely based on the noisy observation data), has much smaller computational complexity compared to the previously developed universal denoiser for the same setting, and has much tighter upper bound on the denoising performance, which is obtained by a theoretical analysis. Through experiments, we show such strict upper bound is indeed realized in practice by showing that Gen-CUDE achieves much better denoising results compared to other strong baselines for both synthetic and real-world underlying clean sequences. 본 연구에서는 이산-입력 데이터에 연속-노이즈가 적용되었을 때, 노이즈 제거에 사용할 수 있는 Gen-CUDE 알고리즘을 제안한다. 노이즈 채널 밀도에 대한 현실적 가정과 슬라이딩 윈도우 알고리즘을 활용하여 제안된 Gen-CUDE 알고리즘은 비지도학습 방식으로 얻을 수 있는 인공신경망 모델을 기반으로 하며, 입력 데이터의 확률 모델에 대한 가정을 하지 않는 보편적 접근법을 취한다. Gen-CUDE는 디노이징 성능 및 계산 복잡성 측면에서, 동일한 문제 상황을 다루는 기존 알고리즘인 Gen-DUDE 대비 더 우수하다는 것을 실험적으로 확인하고, 이에 대한 이유를 손실 함수 측면에서 더 우수한 상한을 통해 이론적으로 분석한다.

(A) conversational analytic study on teacher-student interaction in an interactive online EFL class via Zoom video conferencing platform

Park, Seongmin Sungkyunkwan University 2021 국내석사

As the recent global pandemic, COVID-19, is forcing people to leave a traditional classroom, and therefore people turn their attention to getting an online education, this current study aims to explore how teacher’s other repair initiation may influence adolescent EFL students’ language production in an interactive online class. To achieve this purpose, four interactive online lessons were conducted, and all conversations were videotaped and collected via Zoom video conferencing platform. The collected data was closely and thoroughly examined employing conversation analysis (CA) to see detailed information in the conversations. Through CA, it was found that when there were apparent linguistic errors by students, two types of teacher’s other initiation (OI) of repair, 1) designedly incomplete utterances (DIUs) and 2) yes/no confirmation questions were mainly provided leading students’ self-repair, and, between the two, teacher’s OI repair through DIUs was more likely to allow students to practice the correct forms of their errors in their utterances than the other. On the other hand, when there were no apparent linguistic errors by students, three types of teacher’s OI repair, 1) DIUs, 2) yes/no questions, and 3) WH-questions were observed to be mostly used to expand Q-A sequences, and DIUs led to students’ maximal use of the target language (TL) by giving more opportunities for the students to use additional expressions while re-completing their sentences by themselves. In addition, through this study, five advantages and five disadvantages of having interactive online lessons were observed. These findings of the study will be able to provide pedagogical implications with regard to facilitating students’ maximal use of TL in their utterances during conversations and helping teachers be better prepared for interactive online lessons. 최근 세계적 유행병인 COVID-19은 전통적인 교실 수업을 할 수 없도록 만들고 있으며, 이로 인해 사람들은 온라인 교육으로 그들의 관심을 집중시키고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 인터랙티브 온라인 수업에서 교사의 타인 수정 제기가 청소년 EFL 학습자들의 언어 산출에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 탐구하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위해서, 네 번의 인터랙티브 온라인 수업들이 실시되었으며, 모든 대화들은 Zoom 화상회의 플랫폼을 통해 녹화되고 수집되었다. 수집된 데이터는 대화 분석을 활용하여 면밀하고 세심히 분석되어짐으로써 대화 속에 나타난 세부적인 정보를 볼 수 있도록 하였다. 대화 분석을 통해, 언어적 오류가 발생한 경우, 학생들의 자기수정을 이끌어내기 위해 두 가지 유형들의 교사의 타인 수정 제기가 주도적으로 사용되었음이 발견되었으며, 이는 1) 의도된 부분적 제시(DIUs), 그리고 2) yes/no 확인형 의문문이었다. 이들 두 가지 유형들의 수정 제기 중에서, DIUs의 경우 다른 유형에 비해서 학습자가 자기수정을 하는 동안 오류의 교정된 형태들을 스스로의 발화 속에서 더 많이 사용하도록 하는 경향을 보였다. 반면에, 언어적 오류가 발생하지 않은 경우, 세 가지 유형들의 교사의 타인 수정 제기가 질문-대답의 대화 연속체를 확장시키기 위해 사용되어진 것이 관찰되었으며, 이는 1) 의도된 부분적 제시(DIUs), 2) yes/no 의문문, 그리고 3) WH-의문문이었다. 이들 세 가지 유형들 중에서, DIUs는 학습자들이 목표어를 최대한 사용할 수 있도록 이끄는 것으로 나타났다. 왜냐하면 학습자들이 DIUs에 응답하기 위해 그들의 문장을 다시 완성하는 동안에 스스로 추가적인 표현들을 사용했기 때문이다. 또한, 이번 연구를 통해, 인터랙티브 온라인 수업들의 다섯 가지 장점들과 다섯 가지 단점들이 관찰되었다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과들은 인터랙티브 온라인 수업 학습자들이 대화를 하는 동안에 목표어를 최대한으로 사용할 수 있도록 이끌어줄 수 있다는 것과, 교사들이 인터랙티브 온라인 수업을 더 잘 준비할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 수 있다는 면에서 교육학적의미를 제공할 수 있다.