공동주택 지하주차장 평면형태 및 환기구의 배치에 따른 공기유동에 관한 연구 = (The) study on the airflow based on the array of ventilator and plan of the underground parking lot in apartment

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The study on the airflow based on the array of ventilator and plan of the underground parking lot in apartment
As demands of the residents have been variously changing according to the construction of the apartment house and the fast economic growth, the construction companies spurs the development of the apartment house flavored with environmental friendly factors. Also because of the multiple apartment project, the basement car park alone can not handle the rapid growth of the vehicles and the resident puts more and more emphasis on securing car park space for the freedom from the vehicles on the ground and for the safety of their children.
Recently, as the interest about natural energy, the tendency minimizing the mechanical energy also appears. According to this trend, there has been growing attempts in order to apply the environmental friendly technologies to the apartment house. But the reality is that the systems doesn't virtually function well because the existing mechanical systems are applied. Consequently, the deterioration of the air and the brightness in the basement car park exacerbates the environments of the basement car park. And the study on the feasibility of the natural ventilation according to the unit-plan type of the basement car park and the performance of the skylight, is still insignificant.
Thus, in this study, we intend to simulate, through the CFD, the air current by natural driving power by classifying the existing basement car parks into the unit-plan type and the direction of the vehicle traffic. Through classifying the existing basement car parks by the type of vehicle traffic that is the type of arrangement such as one-way or bidirectional traffic and deploying the ventilating openings by 3 types which enables the skylights, linked the ground for the purpose of collecting the light, play the role of ventilation at the same time, we forecast the air current of the basement car park by using CFD(Computational Fluids Dynamics) and, based on that, suggest the plan to improve the ventilating function of the basement car park by utilizing the natural ventilation.
In this study, we research the general theories, that is 'the ventilation theory of underground space and the test method of ventilating performance' and interpret, through CFD, the air current of the target models according to the layout of the ventilation openings based on mean of air age and air exchange effectiveness by using computer simulation.
As a result, we draw the conclusion as follows:
(1) In respect of the air age according to the type of the vehicle traffic such as one way traffic and bidirectional traffic, the bidirectional traffic shows 30,405 seconds while 14,070 seconds in one way traffic indicating that the one way traffic abates by more than 50%. Therefore, the air of the basement car park with one way traffic has superior air quality because of its' shorter air age.
(2) In case of the existing basement car parks, Case A' air exchange rate is 4.44 while 7.76 times/h in Case B and 1.94 times/h in Case C. It appears comparatively small in Case C. We can draw the conclusion, through this finding, that the placement of several natural ventilators in the middle and on the edge is more effective than the placement of the natural ventilator with big area in the middle when placing natural ventilator.
(3) In case of Case B where the installation is in the middle and on the edge of the basement car park, it appears excellent in both the air exchange and the air age, but the effective area of the space on the ground abates. There requires a plan for the placement accordingly.
(4) In case of Case C where the circular air-vent with the smallest area of air-vent is installed, the velocity of air current appears the fastest. Thus, it seems that there requires the research on the appropriate size and the layout plan of the circular air-vents for the purpose of the increase of effective space on the ground.
It is also necessary to comprehend the appropriate locations in order to improve the performance of the natural ventilation, through examining the characteristic of the air current according to the type of ventilating openings installed in the basement car park, the velocity of the current, the pressure distribution and the installation of the auxiliary equipments for the natural ventilation.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1.1 연구 배경 및 목적 1
• 1.2 연구 범위 및 방법 4
• 1.3 기존의 연구 7
• Ⅱ. 지하주차장의 환기에 관한 이론적 고찰 9
• 2.1 지하주차장의 공기유동 해석 9
• 2.2 지하주차장의 환기설비 10
• 2.2.1 환기방식의 분류 10
• 2.2.2 환기시스템 15
• 2.3 지하주차장의 실내공기질 16
• 2.3.1 실내공기 오염원 16
• 2.3.2 국내외의 실내공기질 기준 19
• 2.4 국내 지하주차장의 평면 형태와 차량동선 계획 21
• Ⅲ. 지하주차장 모델선정 및 대상 모델의 공기유동 23
• 3.1 실험개요 23
• 3.2 지하주차장의 유형 25
• 3.2.1 대면통행 형태의 지하주차장 25
• 3.2.2 일방통행 형태의 지하주차장 30
• 3.3 CFD를 이용한 지하주차장의 공기유동 35
• Ⅳ. 환기구 배치에 따른 지하주차장의 실내 공기유동 분석 38
• 4.1 환기구 배치에 따른 공기유동 38
• 4.1.1 모델 A - 환기구 배치 간격 20m이고, 중앙에 4개가 위치 한 경우 38
• 4.1.2 모델 B - 환기구 배치 간격 30m이고, 중앙에 4개가 위치 한 경우 42
• 4.1.3 모델 C - 중앙에 직경 10m의 원형 환기구를 설치한 경우 45
• 4.2 CFD 결과 분석 49
• 4.2.1 최대유속과 평균유속 49
• 4.2.2 공기령 50
• 4.2.3 환기회수와 공기교환효율 53
• Ⅴ. 결 론 56
• 참고문헌 58
• Abstract 62