張龍鶴 小說의 觀念敍述考

진영옥 (陳英玉) 부산대학교 대학원 1982 국내석사

중국 마이크로 블로그 이용중단에 관한 연구 : Sina weibo를 중심으로

진영 전남대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

SNS, 모바일 인터넷, 모바일 뱅킹, 등과 같은 정보기술이 우리의 일상생활에 빠르게 수용되면서, 이와 같은 혁신적 제품이나 서비스를 수용하거나 혹은 이용을 중단하는 경우를 자주 보아왔다. 이와 같이 혁신적 제품이나 서비스의 경우 혁신자, 조기수용 층에 해당하는 사용자들에 의해 주로 이용되어 왔다가 이를 갑자기 중단하거나 이용하지 않으려는 경향을 보이고 있다. 본 연구는 SNS를 일시적으로 수용한 사용자들을 대상으로 하여 이를 계속적으로 이용하지 않으려는 현상 즉 수용 후 이용중단의 의도해 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 혁신저항모델의 문헌연구를 통해 연구모형을 구성하여, SNS를 이용한 이용자들이 갖는 거부 심리요인들이 SNS의 인지된 위험을 통해 이용중단에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지 연구하고자 한다. 실증분석을 위해 데이터는 중국에 있는 학생과 인터넷 사용자들을 대상으로 온라인 수집 방식을 통해 총 236부를 회수하여 무효 자료를 제외하고 216부를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 통계분석방법은 SPSS 19.0을 통해 수집한 설문지에 대한 빈도분석, 신뢰성분석, 타당성분석, 상관관계분석과 회귀분석을 실행하였다. 결론적으로 본 논문은 SNS에 대한 사용자의 심리적 요인들이 인지된 위험성을 통해 이용중단에 어떠한 영향을 주는지에 대해 알아보고, 그것을 통해 향후 잠재적 사용자에게 보다 적합한 컨텐츠를 제공하도록 방향을 제시하는데 중요한 의의가 있다 하겠다. 실증분석 결과 SNS 사용시 사용자의 심리요인 중 복잡성과 보안성은 인지된 위험에 모두 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 불편함, 혁신성과 주관적 규범은 사회적 위험에만 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인지된 위험은 이용중단에 모두 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 복잡성이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 향후 SNS 사용 시에는 복잡성을 좀 더 감소하는데 힘써야 할 것이다.

러시아어에 나타난 정치 은유에 관한 연구 : 우크라이나 사태 이후 미디어 표현을 중심으로

진영 고려대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

Эта дипломная работа посвящена изучающим иностранные языки, чтобы умела исследовать иностранные языки их концепции и особенности метафоры. Важный аспект для иностнных студентов это высокий уровень познание метафор. Метафора – это не только язык, но в широком смысле слова, и человеческая идеология жизни, их мышлений и поступков. Среди всего этого метафорические выражения используют в области политики. До сих пор метафорические исследования были использованы в разных областях в его многообразии. Особенно в корейском языке в речевой политической метафоре идет конкретное исследование. Поиск источника метафорических выражений корейские и российские политики в беседах используют пословицы, стихи и тексты. Специфические вид политической манипуляции использавания метафоров через примеры не полностью раскрыты. Следуя этой теории метафоры пришло осознание исследования технологии современной российской политической метафоры. Основным стимулом интесификации исследовании этой теории является, использование языка на более высоком уровне. Целью является осознания метафоры перспективы исследования, российской политической метафоры. В первой главе посвящена исследованию трудных причин использования иностранного языка, как родного языка. Выдвигать необходимость исследования теории выражения метафор в языке и его структуры. Также предшествующее исследование посвящено обзору наблюдения и течению российского политического языка. Во второй главе говорится об использовании метафоры, как традиционного метода категории познавательной перспективы и повышение интереса к использованию метафоры в языке. В третьей статье упорядочение российской политической матафоры на осноыве книги Чужинова С.В. исследование технологиии метафора в россикйском политическом дискурсе и анализ структуры. В четвертой главе собрав материалы российских СМИ, обратив главное внимание на Украиские события. Был сделан анализ используя теорию первой и второй главы. Пятая глава посвящена подведению итог исследования. Данная работа по исследованию метафор с точке зрения российской политической дискурсии был проделан анализ. Данные исследования будут примененны не только при изучение русского языка и в других сферах. Несмторя, на большую иноформацию по использованию метафор российской политике. Я верю, что расширится исследование и будет широко использовано политической метафорической сфере.

복합이중추출의 분산추정 연구

진영 忠南大學校 大學院 2016 국내박사

Two phase sampling design is useful to increase estimation efficiency using deep stratification, improved non-response adjustment and reduced coverage bias. Usually in complex two-phase sampling design, the same sampling units are commonly used for the first and the second phases. In this paper we consider a sampling scheme where the first phase sampling units are clusters and the second phase sampling units are list samples. That means using the selected clusters in first phase, we list up elements in the selected clusters from the first phase and then use the list as a secondary sampling frame for the second phase sampling design. Then we select second phase samples from the listed sampling frame. An estimator based on the complex two-phase sampling design with different sampling units of each phase is suggested in this study. Also the estimated variances of the estimator obtained by using classic and replication variance methods are suggested and compared using simulation studies. For real data analysis, 2010 Korea Farm Household Survey List, 2010 Korea Farm Household Economy Survey and Sample List for 2011 Korea Agriculture Survey are used. The pseudo first-phase sampling frame built by combining the three data sets is used.

17-18세기 중반 유럽의 中國風 美術 硏究 : 시누아즈리 美術에 나타난 中國的 要素의 考察을 중심으로

진영 弘益大學校 大學院 2015 국내석사

This dissertation studies the influence of 1600-1750 Chinese art and its popularity on contemporaneous European art, and examines the development of Chinoiserie, a style born from the fusion of eastern and western art. In particular, this study re-evaluates the place of Chinoiserie within the history of East-West Interactions in Art literature, which had previously been defined vaguely as part of Chinese "style" art due to its ties to Indian, Japanese, and European art, despite its origins as the attempt to directly reproduce Chinese art. Despite the similarity with Japonisme in terms of the artistic interaction between the East and the West, Chinoiserie did not received recognition as a legitimate artistic movement. While considered to be exquisite, and pretty decorative art at best, critics sometimes considered its aesthetics grotesque and vulgar. Although some 21th century scholars, such as David Porter and Stacey Slobodda, demonstrate cultural and economical significances through socio-cultural contexts, Chinoiserie still remains categorized in the flippant decorative arts?those arts that did not deliver any transformation in European fine art as an active, generative force. However, in contrast to such ideas, Chinoiserie and the so called “China craze” were not just a passing fad in 17th-18th century European society, nor was its influence on European art insignificant. Particularly, Chinese ceramics and lacquering techniques, which were absent before they were imported into European society, significantly affected and altered European art and life. Furthermore, the exotic icons and new artistic tastes from China helped bring about French Rococo art, and contributed to the formation of Anglo-Chinese gardens in England. In fact, the emergence of Chinoiserie cannot be attributed solely to commercial trade between China and Europe in the 16th Century. The roots of Chinoiserie can rather be found in western admiration of the east, China in particular, which goes back to as early as ancient Rome; since the very beginning of their encounter, the tantalizing contact between Europe and China especially amplified the European’s curiosity and their emblems of great civilization, such as religion, thought, arts inevitably accompanied by a special aura. Moreover, philosophical exchanges that began with Jesuit missions in China between the 16th and 17th centuries fueled such admiration and amicability, ultimately opening the course for cultural and artistic influence. The popularity of Chinese style art at the time (17th-18th Century) was based on such history. The increase in European demand for such art and the relative shortage of supply resulted in European artists replicating Chinese artistic products in the 17th Century. Blended with European art, especially Rococo style, this ultimately culminated in the birth of Chinoiserie. However, it is true that the popularity of Chinese art and Chinoiserie in Europe was concentrated mainly in decorative arts, while Chinese influence on the fine arts was relatively limited. This was largely due to the lawless perspective and shading technique used in Chinese paintings, coupled with a lack of understanding by Europeans of the self-expressive ( 寫意 ) aspects of Chinese literati paintings and landscape paintings. Examples from Watteau and Boucher--whose application of Chinese art was limited to strangely-shaped rocks and Chinese paintings that employed western techniques, respectively, illustrate their fear of following completely different artistic standards. Even assuming that they found Chinese art perhaps interesting and inspiring, it was still difficult for them to welcome and incorporate new and exotic aesthetics. Despite the similarity with Japonisme in terms of the cultural interaction between the West and the Far East, however, Chinoiserie did not receive recognition as a legitimate artistic movement. This paper intends to shed new light on Chinoiserie, which has been appreciated no more than as a decorative art form in the literature of Art History. Future research on Chinoiserie will further our understanding of not only the influence of Chinese art on European art, but also more broadly the meaning of the 17th-18th Century period within the history of East-West artistic interactions. 본 논문은 17-18세기 중반 유럽 사회를 風靡하였던 중국예술품의 유행이 당대의 유럽미술 전반에 끼친 영향을 분석하고, 이 과정에서 탄생한 동서미술의 混合樣式인‘시누아즈리Chinoiserie’의 발전과 전개를 살펴보았다. 특히 中國美術을 표방하여 제작되었음에도 불구하고 인도, 일본 혹은 유럽미술의 요소들이 혼재되었다는 이유로‘中國風 美術’이라는 모호한 범주와 정의 안에 자리하였던 시누아즈리 미술에서 중국미술의 요소들을 찾고 그 기여도 고찰함을 통해 東西美術交涉史에서 시누아즈리 미술이 지니는 가치를 재평가하고자 하였다. 그 동안 시누아즈리는 예술적 진지함이 결여된 장식미술로 상정되어 그 미술사적 연구 가치를 상당부분 잃어버린 경향이 있었다. 그러나 기존의 학자들이 주장해왔던 것처럼 중국풍 미술 및 시누아즈리 열풍은 17-18세기 유럽 사회를 스쳐지나간 덧없는 유행(passing fad)이 아니었으며, 당시 중국미술이 유럽미술에 끼친 영향도 얕고 미미하다고 볼 수 없었다. 중국의 도자제조와 옻칠 기법은 이전의 유럽사회에 존재하지 않았던 것으로, 중국을 통해 수입되고 또 개발된 이러한 새로운 매체들은 유럽의 예술은 물론 유럽인들의 사회 패턴을 전반적으로 바꾸어 놓을 만큼 대대적인 영향력을 발휘했다. 또한 중국에서 유래한 이국적인 도상과 새로운 미감의 예술성은 프랑스의 로코코 미술의 탄생과 발전에도 크게 조력하였고, 영국에서는 영국정원(Anglo- Chinese Garden)의 형성에 기여하였다. 사실 시누아즈리 양식이 탄생할 수 있었던 것은 16세기에 이루어진 중국과 유럽의 본격적인 상업적 교류에서만 그 요인을 찾을 수 있었던 것이 아니었다. 고대 로마 시기 때부터 이어져 온 유럽인들의 중국에 대한 동경과 흠모, 그리고 17세기 예수교 사제들에 의해 시작된 깊은 사상적, 철학적 교류는 당대 중국 전반에 대한 긍정적인 인식과 호의적인 태도를 불러일으키기 충분했고, 필연적으로, 문화적 산물인 예술분야에 대한 인식에도 긍정적인 영향을 끼쳤기 때문이다. 당시의 중국풍 예술에 대한 狂風的 인기는 이러한 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 조성된 역사적 정황을 바탕으로 한 것이었고, 증폭되는 유럽인들의 수요에 비해 턱없이 부족했던 중국예술품의 공급은 유럽인 예술가들로 하여금 중국 미술품을 모방하는 시도를 행하게 하였다. 17세기에 주가 되었던 이러한 모방의 시도는 17세기 후반이 되며 유럽미술의 요소, 특히 로코코 양식과 결합되었고, 마침내 시누아즈리 미술이 탄생하게 된다. 당시 중국 미술 유행현상과 시누아즈리 미술의 발전은 장식미술분야에 치중되어 있었고, 회화나 조각 등의 순수미술(fine art) 장르에서는 중국 미술의 영향이 크지 않았던 것은 부인할 수 없는 사실이다. 중국 그림에 나타나는 遠近法의 不在나 陰影法의 誤謬는 서양인들로 하여금 중국미술의 가치를 제대로 평가하지 못하게 만들었고, 중국 文人畵나 山水畵에 담긴 寫意적 의미를 모르는 유럽인들에게 중국의 그림들은‘잘못된’표현에 지나지 않았던 것이 가장 큰 이유였다 할 수 있겠다. 회화에 시누아즈리 양식을 적용하였던 와토와 부셰의 경우가 이러한 편견을 拂拭 혹은 傍證해 주는 대표적인 예라고 할 수 있다. 즉 와토가 중국 그림에 표현된 怪石의 예술성을 지나치지 못했고, 부셰가 서양화법이 가미된 중국의 그림만을 다소 적극적으로 차용한 부분에서 말이다. 현재 시누아즈리는 동아시아 국가와 유럽의 미술교류의 所産이라는 점에서 자포니즘(Japonisme)과 여러 점에서 닮아 있지만, 자포니즘과는 달리 하나의 예술사조로 발전하지 못한 채, 장식사적인 부분에서 그 연구가 답보상태에 머물러 있다. 시누아즈리의 연구와 양식적 분석을 지속하는 것은 당대 중국의 미술이 유럽미술전반에 끼친 영향을 더욱 심도 있게 살펴보게 하고, 따라서 東西美術交涉史에 17-18세기가 가지는 의미를 재고하게 만드는 기회가 되리라 생각한다.

韓國의 <列國志傳> 受容 樣相 硏究

진영 경희대학교 대학원 2013 국내박사

This dissertation aims to examine the features of different editions of the Romance of the Warring States(<열국지전>) in order to look into the changing perceptions of the readership, and how the Romance of the Warring States as a "historical appendix" and its dual aspects brought on changes into the text and produced a variety of different editions. This research provided an opportunity to do a comprehensive examination of different editions that has been rather fragmented thus far, and to follow the historical changes of novel by looking at the correlation between them. In chapter two, I examined the formation and introduction of the Romance of the Warring States, a historical and authoritative text. Looking into the ways which the Romance was mentioned the Romance in two different aspects and the changing perceptions according to its historical period and readership: the historical educative aspect and recreational fun aspect. Chapter three divides the different editions of the Romance, that amounted to more than a hudred editions and circulated in Joseon Dynasty before the emergence of modern prints, into two groups of "original text and complete translation group" and "adaptation and abridged edition group" and explored their features and bibliogtaphical details. In the former group, the main research objects were two kinds of wood block print edition, two old printing type editions in Classical Chinese, nine manuscripts and two old printing type editions in Korean (Hangul). In the latter, I looked into thirteen different block print editions and fourteen old printing type editions that included stories that were not originally part of the Romance. The adaptation and abridged edition group, in particular, showed that different editions did not stand as independent text, but had correlation. Based on their correlations, I constructed the mode of text modification. In chapter four, the perception of readers was examined who read the "original text and complete translation group" of the Romance and discovered that the text was not just an absurd fiction, but worked as a historical educative reading. By looing at "adaption and abridged edition group" in chapter five, I investigated the mode of modification that occurred in the three- volume version of the Romance published in Seoul and the old printing type that were most notable in its adaptation, abridgment and correlation. These editions showed the traces that the historical educative reading of the original text and complete translation was removed and took up the role of recreational fun reading. These discussions on the correlation of different editions show the historical changes of the Romance of the Warring States in Joseon Dynasty. This research holds its significance in that it conducted a comprehensive research of over a hundred different editions reaching from Classical Chinese wood block print to old printing type edition in Korean, and examined the changing perception of the period and readership based on the features of each edition. Key words: The Romance of Warring States(<열국지전>), reception, correlation, original text and complete translation, adaptation and abridged edition, changing perception, histotical educative reading, recreational fun reading, mode of modification.

문화가 리더십 선호 유형에 미치는 영향 : 한.중대학생 비교연구

진영 인하대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

본 연구는 문화가 정치지도자 리더십 선호에 미치는 영향을 탐색해 보고자 시작되었다. 이를 위해 비교 문화 연구에 이미 많이 사용돼 온 홉스테드의 5가지 문화 차원과 베이스의 변혁적 리더십과 거래적 리더십을 바탕으로 한‧중 대학생을 연구대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 또한 글로벌화 시대에 문화의 변동도 이루어지고 있기 때문에 본 연구에서 한‧중 대학생들의 문화 차이를 다시 한 번 확인하기도 하였다. 기존에 문화와 정치지도자에 관한 연구는 실증보다는 특정 나라의 문화와 그 나라의 정치지도자를 논의하는 식으로 진행되어 왔다. 하지만 경영학계에 문화와 리더 간의 관계를 규명하는 연구가 이미 상대적으로 많이 이루어진 것을 감안할 때 문화와 정치지도 리더십 선호 간의 관계가 연구할 만한 주제로 판단되었다. 연구결과 한‧중 대학생들 간에 홉스테드 문화 차원인 권력거리, 개인주의, 여성성, 불확실성 수용 등 4가지 차원에서 차이가 보였다. 또한, 변혁적 리더십을 평가하는 데 있어서 중국의 경우 작은 권력거리가 유의미한 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 거래적 리더십을 평가하는 데 있어서 중국의 경우 장기지향성이 유의미한 정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 한국의 경우는 작은 권력거리가 유의미한 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나났다.

중국 소비자의 한국에 대한 적대감과 한류에 대한 태도가 한국화장품에 대한 평가와 구매의도에 미치는 영향

진영 전주대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

This study started with the diagnosis of Chinese consumers' hostility toward Korea and attitude toward Korean Wave, in response to Chinese measures such as 'Han Han-ryeong' in China.,In particular, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of hostility and attitude toward Korean Wave on the evaluation and purchase intention of Korean products.,For the analysis, a total of 255 samples were analyzed and the results of the analysis are as follows. First, the independent variables were defined as 'Korean hostility' and 'Korean Wave attitude', and the dependent variables were 'purchase intention'.,On the other hand, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the moderating effect of 'product evaluation' in the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. Second, the analysis sample was 26.5% male and 74.5% female, and the percentage of female respondents was high.,The distribution by grade was mainly high in the first and second graders of college, and 5.5% in the graduate students.,In the distribution by major, the humanities and social sciences accounted for 26.9% and the other was 47.8%.,In regional distribution, 63.5% of the Hebei region and 34.1% of the Shandong region were distributed. Third, as a result of analyzing the differences between groups, there was no significant difference in the case of 'Korean hostility' in the analysis of gender differences, while in the variables of 'Korean Wave attitude', 'product evaluation' and 'purchase intention', women were significantly more positive than men.,In the analysis by grade, there was a significant difference in 'Korean hostility' and 'Korean Wave attitude'.,In the analysis by series, there was no difference in 'Korean hostility', but there was a significant difference in 'Korean Wave attitude', 'product evaluation' and 'purchase intention'.,In particular, while the ‘humanities’ were positive, the ‘social studies’ were negative. There was no significant difference in the analysis of income level differences.,In regional analysis, 'security hostility' and 'trade hostility' of 'Korean hostility' were not significant, and all other variables showed significant differences.,Especially, 'Sandong' area was high in the attitude of Korean Wave, but in product evaluation and purchase intention. Fourth, as a result of correlation analysis between variables, 'purchase intention', which is a dependent variable, shows a significant relationship with 'security hostility' among 'Korean hostility', and 'Korean Wave' and 'cultural Korean Wave' among 'Korean Wave attitude'.,In the case of the dependent variable 'product evaluation' variable, it shows a significant relationship with 'security hostility', 'music Korean Wave', and 'cultural Korean Wave'.The independent variable, ‘Hallyu hostility’, has a significant correlation between the sub-variables of hostility, whereas only ‘trade hostility’ of independent variable has a negative correlation with ‘Hallyu attitude’. Finally, as a result of hierarchical regression analysis on 'purchase intention', only gender and age variables had significant effects on personal characteristics of the first stage, and only the sub-variables of 'security hostility' of 'Korean hostility' had significant effects on the second stage.,The sub-variables of the three-step 'Korean Wave Attitude' variable were found to have a significant effect on 'Musical Korean Wave'.,Especially, in the personal characteristics, the case of women and the case of young people were more influential.,In the last four stages, the effect relationship analysis on the purchase intention was conducted by adding 'product evaluation'.,As a result of the analysis, 'security hostility' and 'product evaluation' showed significant intermodulation effect, and 'music' and 'culture' Korean Wave showed significant intermodulation effect with 'product evaluation'. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the influence of hostility and attitude toward Hallyu on the evaluation and purchase intention of Hallyu products at the time of the activation of Hallyu culture, and to seek continuous diagnosis and management plans for this.

농산물 콜드체인 예냉센터 배치에 관한 연구

陳潁 인하대학교 물류전문대학원 2023 국내박사

China has become a significant producer and consumer of fresh agricultural products, and the fast growth of cold chain logistics provides it with the essential services and assurances. However, due to China's late start in the cold chain logistics industry, the distribution of cold chain equipment is uneven, and cold chain infrastructure is primarily concentrated in coastal areas and first-tier developed cities: In 2020, the capacity of East China, North China, and regional cold storage accounts for 37.8%, 15.3%, and 14.9%, respectively. Cold storage is concentrated in East China, and the number of cold storage in other regions is relatively low and development is slow, resulting in the phenomenon of "cold chain disconnection" occurring frequently (China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing). The front-end and back-end facilities of cold chain logistics are not flawless when compared to the total cold chain logistics process, which increases the loss of circulation as well as the price and quality instability factors from farmers to consumers. This has a significant influence on the dietary safety of Chinese residents as well as the worldwide competitiveness of agricultural products: hence, thorough study on such concerns is urgently needed. The distribution center's location is directly tied to each component of the entire supply chain since it is the key connection of the cold chain logistics network. The distribution center's decision-making modifications will have an impact on other nodes in the supply chain. However, due to differences in the construction of cold chain logistics distribution centers and the economic development of each region in China, most agricultural product production areas, such as the central and western regions, which bear the majority of the wholesale trade of fresh agricultural products in the country, lack distribution centers, and the majority of agricultural products enter circulation without pre-cooling, which directly increases the loss.The concentration of the cold chain logistics industry in Shandong Province is 15.4%, indicating that the short shelf life of agricultural products and high storage and transportation costs are fundamentally caused by the lack of distribution centers for agricultural products at origin, which not only keeps the cost of the cold chain supply chain high, but also makes it impossible to guarantee the quality of agricultural products. The pre-cooling treatment of agricultural products occurs in the "first-mile" link of cold chain logistics, that is, after the agricultural products are picked and before trunk line transportation, in order to maintain the quality of the agricultural products and extend the shelf life, the agricultural products are operations such as picking, pre-cooled and graded processing, packaging and warehousing in the distribution center of origin. Research on the network of the first-mile pre-cooling distribution center of cold chain logistics is advantageous in this context not only to enhance the core competitiveness of the firm but also has the potential to enhance food quality and safety. Within the scope of this study, multi-objective optimization problems pertaining to a pre-cooling distribution center network are investigated, the corresponding mathematical model is constructed, and the technique that is used to solve these problems is optimized. The primary body of research work consists of the following components and aspects: Firstly, in order to address the fundamental challenge of network location selection for a cold chain logistics pre-cooling distribution center, a bi-level programming model that takes into account the cost of location selection and the least cost of vehicle transportation is developed. Secondly, in consideration of the perishability of fresh agricultural items, a multi-objective optimization model incorporating the freshness loss cost and the pre-cooling cost is developed by adding the freshness limitations of agricultural products to the aforementioned fundamental problems. Finally, in order to address the issue of high energy consumption in the cold chain logistics business, carbon emission cost is introduced on the basis of the basic problem. A multi-objective optimization model is created with optimal location selection, transportation route, carbon emission cost, freshness loss cost, and pre-cooling cost. In this study, the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm from the meta-heuristic algorithm are used to create an improved GASA algorithm model. The improved algorithm has rapid convergence speed and no "premature convergence," which enhances the quality of the solution: empirical study demonstrates the algorithm's feasibility and efficacy. This study examines the multi-objective optimization models for the three pre-cooling scenarios: no pre-cooling, pre-cooling at the origin, and pre-cooling at the distribution center. The results indicate that pre-cooling extends shelf life and improves product quality compared to non-pre-cooling circumstances. Pre-cooling in the distribution center is more effective in terms of cost and freshness under identical pre-cooling settings.

노인의 만성질환과 우울과의 관련성 : 2014년 노인실태조사 자료를 이용하여

진영 연세대학교 보건대학원 2018 국내석사

With the rapidly aging population structure of today, the prevalence of chronic diseases and depression is steady increasing. The issue of physical and mental diseases intensifies the public health and social/economic burdens, while deteriorating the quality of life of the elderly people. There have been many studies conducted on the correlation between chronic diseases and depression, but the survey subjects of some of them were restricted to the elderly people with a certain chronic disease or to a certain region, while others did not control various factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviors, social relationships, etc. Therefore, this study intended to confirm the relation between chronic diseases and depression of male and female elderly people after controlling socio-demographic and health behavioral factors which have been reported to be related with depression of the elderly, and this study also hoped to present the basic data for the management of chronic diseases and depression through comparative analysis in a gender-based approach. This study used the data from the 2014 national survey result of living conditions and welfare needs of Korean elderly aged 65 or older. Among a total of 10,451 elderly people, this study analyzed 9,975 elderly people after excluding those who were diagnosed with depression by a doctor and who can affect depression of the male and female elderly people and missing values, etc. SAS version 9.4 was used for statistical analysis and descriptive analyses, Rao-scott chi-square, and logistic regression that reflected the survey characteristics was performed. The regression models are composed of model 1 without any modification, model 2 with calibrated demographic and social variables, and model 3 with calibrated health behavior in model 2. As a result of this study, among the total 9,975 subjects of this study, male elderly people with experience of depression made up 18.9%, while female elderly people made up 23.4%, showing a difference between genders. With all variables controlled, this study set the normal group of male elderly people without chronic diseases as the reference group. Among them, the odds ratio of the stroke patients group was 1.56(95%CI=1.10-2.22) while the odds ratio of the osteoporosis patients group was 1.82(95%CI=1.01-3.25), showing a high level of experiencing depression. In the case of the female elderly people, the odds ratio of the fracture/dislocation and aftereffects patients group was 1.96(95%CI=1.28-3.00) while the odds ratio of the group of patients with other diseases was 1.30(95%CI=1.03-1.64), showing that the experience of depression was significantly high. Moreover, both in the male and female elderly people, the experience of depression was significantly high for the variable of marital status, annual household income, current job, geographic region, relationship satisfaction with children, friends and community, experience of falls, nutritional status and self-reported health. Recipient of social security and physical activity in elderly men and education, IADL in elderly women show statistically significant correlation with depression. This study may well be significant in that it conducted comparative analysis by gender of the relation between various chronic diseases and depression by controlling confounding factors such as socio-demographic factors, health behavioral factors, etc. for a large-size elderly population group aged 65 or older who can represent the entire elderly population group of Korea. With the result of this study, it could be found that chronic diseases in the elderly people were a risk factor of depression. Therefore, the education and public relations on the depression management for the public including medical staffs and the policy intervention to introduce a system for early detection of depression and integrated management and treatment of chronic diseases and depression are necessary for not only the physical treatment of chronic disease patients but also for the depression management of the general public. At this moment when we are entering into the super-aged society, it is hoped that this study will be used as the basic ground for the establishment of comprehensive public health policy on the integrated prevention, treatment and management of chronic diseases and depression and will also contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly and their healthy life and to saving the medical welfare expenditure for the elderly so that the elderly people can enjoy a healthy lifestyle in their later years. 인구구조가 급속하게 고령화되면서 노인의 만성질환과 우울증 유병률이 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 신체적‧정신적 질환 문제는 보건의료 및 사회‧경제적으로 부담을 가중시키고 노인의 삶의 질 저하의 원인이 되고 있다. 만성질환과 우울의 관련성에 대한 연구들이 많이 이루어 졌으나 조사 대상이 특정 만성질환 유병 노인이나 지역에 한정되거나 인구사회적, 건강행태, 사회적 관계 등 다양한 요인을 통제하지 않고 진행되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 노인의 우울과 관련이 있다고 보고된 인구사회적, 건강행태 요인을 통제한 후 남녀노인이 만성질환과 우울과의 관련성을 확인하고자 하며 성별 접근을 통한 비교분석을 통해 만성질환과 우울 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 전국적으로 진행된 2014년 노인실태조사 자료를 이용하였으며, 남녀노인의 우울에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 의사 진단 우울증 환자 및 결측치 등을 제외하여 총 10,451명 중에서 최종적으로 9,975명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 통계 분석은 SAS version 9.4를 사용하였으며, 기술 분석 및 Survey 특성을 반영한 Rao-scott Chi-square, logistic regression 분석방법을 시행하였다. 회귀모형은 다른 변수를 보정하지 않은 1단계 모형, 인구사회적 변수를 보정한 2단계 모형과 건강행태 요인을 보정한 3단계 모형으로 각각 구성하였다. 본 연구의 결과 전체 연구 대상자 9,975명중에서 우울 경험 대상자는 남성노인 18.9%, 여성노인 23.4%로 성별의 차이를 보였다. 모든 변수를 통제한 상태에서, 남성노인은 만성질환이 없는 정상 군을 준거집단으로, 뇌졸중 환자군에서 교차비는 1.56(95%CI=1.10-2.22), 골다공증 환자군은 1.82(95%CI=1.01-3.25)로 우울 경험이 높았다. 여성노인은 골절·탈골 및 후유증이 있는 환자군에서 교차비가 1.96(95%CI=1.28-3.00), 기타 질환군에서 교차비가 1.30(95%CI=1.03-1.64)로 우울 경험이 유의하게 높았다. 그 밖에 남녀노인 모두에서 혼인상태, 연간소득수준, 취업여부, 거주지역, 자녀, 친구 및 지역사회관계 만족도, 낙상경험, 영양상태, 주관적 건강상태 변수에서 우울경험이 유의하게 높았으며 남성노인은 사회보장수급여부, 신체활동 변수 에서 여성노인은 교육수준, IADL 변수에서 우울경험이 유의하게 높았다. 본 연구는 우리나라 노인인구 전체를 대표할 수 있는 65세 이상의 대규모 노인인구집단을 대상으로 인구사회적 요인, 건강행태 요인 등 혼란변수를 통제한 상태에서 다양한 만성질환과 우울과의 관련성을 성별로 비교 분석한 연구라는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구결과를 통해, 노인의 만성질환이 우울의 위험요인임을 확인할 수 있었기에 만성질환자의 신체적인 치료 뿐 만 아니라 정신건강 관리를 위해서 의료진을 비롯한 전국민 대상의 우울관리에 대한 교육과 홍보와 함께 우울의 조기발견과 만성질환과 우울의 통합관리 및 치료시스템 도입을 위한 정책적 개입이 필요하다. 초고령화 사회를 앞두고 노인들이 건강한 노년기를 맞이할 수 있도록 만성질환과 우울의 통합적 예방, 치료, 관리에 대한 종합적인 보건복지 정책 마련을 위한 기초 근거로 활용되어 노인의 건강한 삶의 질 향상과 노인의료복지 재정의 절감에 기여 할 수 있기를 기대한다.