독립적 법체계로서의 과학기술법 개념 고찰

윤권순 ( Kwon Soon Yoon ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구원 2011 과학기술법연구 Vol.17 No.2

Law of Science & Technology has not been recognised as independent legal system as the same level as civil, criminal, administrative and commercial law. It took a certain amount of time before administrative law, commercial law and economic law had been accepted as an independent legal system. Therefore, if there is rational ground, Law of Science & Technology will likely evolve into independent legal system. In this paper, the author reviews the existing discussion about the definition of law of science and technology and considers rational ground of it. It is dynamic process that certain legal system has been accepted as independent legal system. It comes from legal scholar`s proactive response to the change of specific social phenomenon. The Administrative Law, Labor Law, Commercial Law, Economic Law recognized as an independent legal system have common point as follows. First, the new environment which the existing legal system (civil law or civil law and criminal law, etc.) does not cover has appeared. Second, the new legal system has special and unique legal system that existing legal system does not have. Law of Science & Technology has these characteristics. First, even though the history of science and technology is very old, positive and negative impact of science and technology on society has exceed certain limitation after the Second World War. In particular, the dangers of science and technology could lead to the degree of extinction of the human race. Therefore, while the need to regulate the science and technology increases, the existing legal system is not designed for this purposes. Second, a new legal system named the law of science and technology have a specific purpose to enhance the quality of human life by steering science and technology, which existing legal systems do not have. Therefore, there are sound ground to believe that the law of science and technology will be considered as independent legal area as the same level as administrative law, labor law, commercial law and economic law.

기조발표 : 과학기술법연구의 회고와 전망

이경희 ( Kyung Hui Lee ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구원 2006 과학기술법연구 Vol.11 No.2

might be neglect of responsibility for lawyers to have an attitude that studying science and technology belongs to the realm of scientists not lawyers, under the circumstance that new problems are continuously arising and new regulations are continuously enacting, revising and repealing according to scientific innovations. Equally, it might be neglect of responsibility to think that studying science and technology law is none of scientists` business at all. And it is not appropriate idea that science and technology law could be handled by scientists and policy planners of science and technology, because science and technology law is deeply concerned with science and technology policy science. Science and technology law could be sufficiently developed through the joint research of law, natural science, economics, business administration, public administration, sociology, philosophy, ethics, psychology etc. To cope with the difficulties concerning Korean science and technology law, it is necessary to take systematic and academic approaches studying science and technology law totally, instead of traditional method of studying individual law case by case. From this viewpoint, this article concentrates on the necessity and feasibility of jurisprudence in science and technology law and problems to overcome.

과학기술진흥법제의 체계적 고찰

손경한(Sohn, Kyung Han) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2010 과학기술과 법 Vol.1 No.1

In this paper, I theoretically categorized various Korean legislations for promotion of science & technology (“S&T”) and examined legal meanings of each statute thereunder. Legal system for promotion of S&T can be, in the process of research & development (R&D) and utilization of S&T, divided into three categories of (ⅰ) legislation for innovation in S&T, (ⅱ) legislation for protection of S&T, and (ⅲ) legislation for management and exploitation thereof. The legislation for innovation in S&T can be divided into (ⅰ) legislation for innovation infrastructure, (ⅱ) legislation for innovation in basic technology, and (ⅲ) legislation for innovation in applied technology. The legislation for innovation infrastructure means the laws that provide the directions and policies of a state, a research institution, or an enterprise for its innovation in S&T and construct its infrastructure for R&D. According to the stage of application of S&T, legislation for innovation in basic technology means legislation for R&D of pure science, applied science, and basic technology while legislation for innovation in applied technology means legislation for R&D of the technology applied to actual industry and social life. The legislation for protection of S&T is composed of two parts; (ⅰ) intellectual property law, a private law system that enables the government to promote R&D without pecuniary expenditure by granting an exclusive right to S&T, and (ⅱ) all administrative law systems for protection of S&T which include legal system for protection of technological measures. The legislation for management and exploitation of S&T is a legal system that accumulates and manages achievements in S&T and promotes utilization of the achievements such as transfer or commercialization of technology. As to the legal system for promotion of S&T, it is necessary to establish a legal system that aims at innovation in S&T without overlooking the dignity and values of human being, protection of privacy, guarantee of environmental rights, and so forth. In this perspective, the Science & Technology Basic Act (“STBA”) can be highly appreciated in that it has provided a base to significantly enhance the Korea’s level of science & technology, for example, by declaring the fundamental idea of science & technology law, but still it stands on being science and technology promotion for mankind. However, the STBA exposes many problems in the legal system in that it was enacted only in 2001 which is later than enactment of other special statutes for science and technology promotion. For the short term, government and institutions for science and technology must keep in mind that, when they establish and proceed with the National Basic Science and Technology Plan, they must pay attention to realizing the science and technology policies where the fundamental idea of the STBA flows through. In the long term, they must systemize the legislations for promotion of science & technology under the fundamental idea and theory therefor, and further, must set up a legal system to protect both the efficiency of investment in R&D for science and technology and the dignity of human being.

규제행정법에서의 규제과학의 의미에 관한 小考

장경원 국민대학교 법학연구소 2024 법학논총 Vol.36 No.3

Today, the regulation of economic activity is closely linked to advances in science and technology. For example, it is traditionally a question of whether genetically modified foods can be deemed scientifically safe for distribution, and standards for radiation leakage for newly developed equipments and facilities of radiation. There is also a question of the specific level of regulation of safety standards for new types of food and drugs. The assessment of these potential risks and the setting of risk standards depend on the development of science and technology. Until now, we have traditionally considered the realm of public administration, which is responsible for regulation, and the realm of science and technology, which produces high-tech goods through new technologies based on specialized scientific knowledge, to be completely separate. From this perspective, the public administration determines whether new goods or objects related to the health and safety of the public need to be regulated, and to what extent they are harmful to the human body. Here, the science and technology played a role in providing policy makers with relevant scientific facts and information. On the other hand, the development of science and technology and the introduction of new state-of-the-art technologies create uncertain risks in the field of modern regulatory administrative law. How regulatory authorities should respond to these uncertain risks is the challenge of today's regulatory innovation and regulatory administrative law. In this regard, ‘Regulatory Science’ can act as a guide for regulators. ‘Regulatory Science’ predicts and evaluates the degree of benefits and risks that a technology will bring to our society in the future. It is a science that aims to provide criteria for the safety and risk of science and technology. Until now, there has been no in-depth research on regulatory science as an agenda of regulatory administrative law in Korea. The direction of regulatory innovation in regulatory administrative law should utilize ‘Regulatory Science’ to fulfill the dual purposes of 'Regulation' and 'Steering'. Today, it is necessary to promote the development of new technologies thanks to the Fourth Industrial Revolution and reasonable regulations for public safety. Therefore, more attention and research on the interrelationship between ‘Regulatory Science’ and ‘Regulatory Administrative Law’ is needed for future regulatory innovation.

21세기 과학기술법의 과제

손경한,박진아 法務部 商事法務課 2007 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.37

21세기 지식정보사회는 이미 인간사회와 생활의 중추적 요소로 자리 잡은 과학기술의 사회적 함의를 정확하게 이해함으로써 법제도와 과학기술간의 상관관계에 관한 끊임없는 성찰이 필요한 시대라 할 것이다. 이러한 관점에서 발전하는 과학기술을 위축시키지 않으면서 어떻게 부작용 없이 법제도로 수용할 것인가를 검토하여 과학기술을 십이분 이용하는 법제의 연구가 필요하다하겠다. 본고에서는 먼저 과학기술과 사회 및 법 간의 관계와 과학기술법의 개념과 범위에 대하여 고찰한 후, 과학기술법이 해결하여야 할 과제로서 다음에 대하여 살펴보았다. 첫째, 인간복제, 휴먼로봇, 사이버인간과 같이 인간의 존엄성에 도전하는 과학기술에 대응하여 인간의 존엄과 가치를 지키는 법제도로서 생명윤리에 관한 법제도, 휴먼로봇의 통제를 위한 법제도, 사이버인격에 관한 법제도에 대하여 살펴보았다. 둘째, 정보통신기술의 발전으로 개인정보와 프라이버시(privacy)가 침해되기 쉬운 상황이 도래하였는바 이에 대응하여 프라이버시권보호법제와 사적정보보호법제에 대하여 살펴보았다. 특히 정보통신기술과 생명공학기술 등 여러 첨단기술들이 결합되면서 사적정보가 공유되어 발생하는 사적정보의 침해문제에 대한 법적 대응방안을 마련하는 것도 앞으로의 큰 과제임을 언급하였다. 셋째, 원자력에너지와 화학물질의 개발과 유전공학의 발달 등으로 인간의 건강과 안전에 대한 위협의 증가에 대응하여 인간의 건강과 안전을 지키는 법제도로서 위험기술이용을 통제하고 위험의 제거와 감소를 위한 법제도, 환경보호기술법제가 필요함을 들었다. 넷째, 과학기술사회에 진입하면서 전통적인 지적재산권제도가 커다란 위기에 직면하고 있는바 지적재산권을 적절히 보호하는 법제도를 마련하기 위한 과제를 고찰하였다. 그 밖에도 기술표준화와 독점의 통제, 과학기술법의 세계화에 관하여도 간략하게 살펴보았다. We live in the 'Society of Knowledge and Information' of the 21st century. Such society requires we accurately understand the social import of the science and technology that became one of important factors of human society and life and then we deliberate on a correlation between the legal system and the science and technology continuatively. The purpose of this paper is to review a correlation between the science and technology and the law, to consider a definition and the scope of the law of science and technology and to explore its challenges in the 21st century as follows: First, the authors carefully considered those legal problems for protecting the dignity and the value of human beings from the threats of science and technology with respect to the human cloning, the human-shaped robots, and the identity problem of human beings in the cyberspace, etc. These legal tasks are concerned with the life ethics, the control of human-shaped robots and the personality in the cyberspace. Secondly, we now live in an era when the Information Technology has so developed that one's personal information and the privacy rights can easily be infringed. Faced with those threats, the authors gave a careful consideration on the legislations to protect the personal information and the privacy rights. Thirdly, the developments of the nuclear power, new chemical compounds alien to humans, and the genetic engineering have been threats to the health and the safety of human beings. As an effort to find a solution to overcome such problems, the authors suggest, as a future task for all of us, to enact laws to control the use of dangerous technologies, thereby decreasing or hopefully, utterly removing such threats, and to develop environment-protective technologies. Fourthly, because as we are entering into the society of the new science and technology, the existing intellectual property laws are confronted with a crucial moment of challenges, the authors propose to establish a new intellectual property protection system, rather than merely amending the existing intellectual property system. Finally, the authors reviewed conceivable legal problems regarding the technology standardization, the regulation on the monopoly as well as the globalization of the law of science and technology.

뉴노멀시대 과학기술의 법적 규율에 대한 일고찰 – 로봇기술을 중심으로 –

김주영 한국헌법학회 2022 憲法學硏究 Vol.28 No.1

The term “new normal”, which has emerged as a term to refer to the “new world economic order after the global financial crisis,” has an original meaning of “a phenomenon that previously seemed uncommon or exceptional is gradually becoming a common standard.” In fact, in rapid changes of modern society, various standards or behavioral methods are required to be “newly generalized” in various fields of the state and society. Under these circumstances, it can be said that interest in science and technology that is driving changes so-called “the fourth industrial revolution” in modern society, is greater than ever. However, the development of modern science and technology often requires enormous social capital, and these science and technology not only have positive outcomes but also have a possibility of posing various risks, so the proper role of government is required from various angles for the development and management of science and technology. But in order to satisfy the state's demand for active intervention in the field of science and technology, in particular, in the context of the principle of the rule of law which requires a legitimate legal basis for state action, it is necessary to prepare an appropriate legal basis. Fundamentally, such a legal system should strive to have enough content to lead the promotion and development of science and technology, but also faithful consideration should be given to the various negative aspects that science and technology may cause. The study, along with a brief review of recent developments in science and technology, summarize science and technology-related contents in our Constitution and individual laws, and reviews the legal system for robot technology and industry centered on the “Intelligent Robot Development and Dissemination Promotion Act”. Based on these reviews, this study proposes the introduction of “experimental law” as an appropriate regulatory model for the new environment, the expansion of legislative bodies using “smart governance” and change of the value system to “human rights in balance with safety”, and emphasized the importance of a prudent approach to “risk” in modern society. ‘세계 금융위기 이후의 새로운 세계경제 질서’를 지칭하는 용어로 부각된 “뉴노멀(New Normal)”은 본래 “이전에는 흔하지 않거나 예외적인 것으로 보였던 현상이 점차 흔한 표준이 되어가고 있다는 것”을 의미한다. 실로 급변하는 현대사회의 전개양상 속에서 국가・사회의 제영역은 “새롭게 일반화”될 다양한 기준 혹은 행위방식을 요구하고 있다. 이러한 상황 속에서 “제4차 산업혁명” 등으로 지칭되는 현대사회 변동을 추동하고 있는 과학기술에 대한 관심은 그 어느 때보다 크다 할 것이다. 그렇지만 현대 과학기술의 개발에는 막대한 사회적 자본을 요구하는 경우가 빈번할 뿐만 아니라, 이러한 과학기술이 긍정적인 성과 뿐만 아니라 다양한 위험을 초래할 우려도 없지 않은 까닭에, 과학기술의 진흥 및 그의 관리를 위한 정부의 역할이 다각도로 요구되는 상황이다. 다만 이러한 과학기술 영역에 대한 국가의 적극적인 개입요구를 충족시키기 위해서는, 특히 국가작용의 정당한 법적 근거를 요구하는 실질적 법치주의 원리의 맥락에서, 적절한 법적 기반의 마련이 선행되어야 할 것이다. 이러한 법제는 기본적으로 과학기술의 진흥・발전을 이끌 수 있는 내용들을 충분히 갖출 수 있도록 노력해야 하겠지만 그와 함께 과학기술이 초래할지도 모르는 다양한 부정적인 측면들에 대해서도 충실한 고려를 기울여야 할 것이다. 이에 본고에서는 최근의 과학기술 발전 양상에 대한 간략한 검토와 함께 우리 헌법과 개별 법률 가운데 과학기술 관련 내용을 정리한 후, 「지능형 로봇 개발 및 보급 촉진법」을 중심으로 하는 로봇기술・산업에 대한 법제를 통한 과학기술 발전에 대한 법제의 구체적인 대응 양상에 대한 검토를 바탕으로 새로운 환경에 대한 적정 규제모델로 “실험법률”의 도입, “스마트 거버넌스”를 활용한 입법주체의 확대, “안전과 균형을 이루는 인권”으로의 가치체계 변화 그리고 현대 사회에서의 “위험”에 대한 신중한 접근의 중요성을 강조했다.

녹색성장과 과학기술법제

차성민(Cha Seong-Min) 한국비교공법학회 2010 공법학연구 Vol.11 No.1

전 세계적 문제인 기후변화로 인해 예상되는 재해에 대한 대처와 온실가스 저감 그리고 지속가능한 경제발전을 이루기 위하여, 녹색성장이 중요한 이슈로 떠오르고 있다. 각국은 녹색성장 시대라는 새로운 패러다임에서 주도권을 잡기 위한 각종 정책을 수립하여 시행하고 있다. 그러나 무엇보다 지속적인 녹색성장을 위한 근본 전제로서 과학기술이 발전해야 한다. 녹색성장은 사실상 과학기술의 발전 수준에 의해 결정된다고 해도 지나친 말이 아니기 때문이다. 새로운 과학기술 개발이 활발히 이루어질 수 있도록 정책수립과 시행을 법제화하고 조정해 나아가야 한다. 이와 관련하여 이 글에서는 IT법제, 부품 · 소재법제, 원자력법제 등을 사례로 하여 녹색성장 추진에 있어서 과학기술법제의 역할과 기능 및 양자의 관계에 대해 설명했다. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol requires developed countries to make concerted efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, by an average of 5.2 per cent from their 1990 levels between 2008 and 2012. The Kyoto Protocol fails to include in its regime of targets and timetables developing countries. Many of developed countries for a post-2012 regime are aimed at attracting developing countries including south Korea. The post-Kyoto Protocol era covers 2013 and onwards. Green Growth is ecologically sustainable economic progress that fosters low-carbon, socially inclusive development. To achieve Green Growth, in many developed countries it has been brought their polices into action. It is difficult to discuss about relation between Green Growth & Science Technology Law, because (I think) Science Technology Law's definition and scope are not clear yet in Korea. To discuss in this paper, I'd like to classify Science Technology Law by normal method. 1. Green Growth & IT Law It can be reduce carbon dioxide emissions by using IT; Internet baking or E-learning, replacing going by a car, reduces CO₂and saves energy. IT Law like the Electronics Trade Banking Act or the E-learning Industry Development Act assists institutionally. 2. Green Growth & Law of (the machine) parts or materials The global information and communications technology industry accounts for approximately two percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. It is recommended that IT organizations develop a strategy to address the current negative effects of IT. We have three Acts, the Industry Development Act, the Industry Technology Facilitation Act and the Parts · materials Growth Act, that are allied to assist parts & materials Industry. However, the Parts · materials Growth Act which assists specialized companies producing parts or materials. expires at the end of December, 2011. It will be find out alternative. 3. Green Growth & Nuclear Law Nuclear power generation has come into focus as a way to implement the government's Low Carbon, Green Growth vision. In 2008, the amount of carbon emissions from Korea's nuclear power generation decreased by about 100 million tons compared with fossil fuels. The government decided to stress the need for nuclear power generation and increase the portion of such power generation by building more nuclear power plants. The Korean National Assembly is trying to enact a new law titled "Basic Act on Low Carbon Green Growth." But, in the process of legislation, articles on nuclear power generation are eliminated. As the basis of clean energy production the Act should include these articles, as far as there is nuclear regulation system. 4. Need to enact Law Against Climate Change Finally, I Propose to legislate new act on strengthening system and investment for researching climate change.

과학기술기본법의 체계성 및 정합성 제고를 위한 개정방안

윤종민(Yoon, Chongmin) 한국기술혁신학회 2014 기술혁신학회지 Vol.17 No.1

최근 과학기술의 사회적 역할이 증대되는 한편 창조경제의 실현 등 혁신주도형 과학기술정책으로의 패러다임 전환에 효율적으로 대응하기 위해서는 과학기술 관련 법제들의 체계적인 정비가 필요하다. 특히, 과학기술기본법은 국가과학기술정책 추진에 관한 기본규범이자 총괄규범으로서 이와 같은 시대 및 환경의 변화에 맞도록 그 체계와 내용을 발전적으로 재정비할 필요가 있다. 현행 과학기술기본법은 2001년 1월 제정된 이후 수차례에 걸쳐 개정되어 현재에 이르고 있다. 그러나 그동안의 개정은 정부조직개편 및 과학기술정책 심의조정기구의 운영체계변화 등에 따른 것이 중심이 되었으며, 변화된 환경 및 시대적 요구에 따른 정책사항들을 종합적으로 반영하는 데는 미흡하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현행과학기술기본법이 시대와 환경의 변화에 적합한 정책총괄규범으로서 역할과 기능을 수행하도록 하기 위하여 필요한 개정 방안을 검토?제시하였다. 연구 결과 현행 과학기술기본법은 법체계적인 측면에서 기본법으로서의 위상에 걸맞도록 장?절 체계를 확대?재정비하고, 규율내용적인 측면에서는 규범내용의 포괄성, 규범집행의 실효성, 총괄규범으로서 개별법령과의 연계성 및 기본법으로서의 정합성이 확보되도록 관련 규정을 신설하거나 보강하는 것이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. Recently, as the role of science and technology in social domain is more increased and the creative economy becomes a important matter in national development strategy, it is necessary that the improvement of legal system on science and technology for efficiently responding to paradigm shift into Innovation driven science and technology policy. Especially, The Framework Act On Science And Technology as a general and basic norm on science and technology policy is necessary to revise in systematic and substantial aspect in order to correspond with changed environment and current of the times. The Framework Act On Science And Technology was established in 2001 and revised several times, but substantial amendment reflecting the political facts as the need to demand was insufficient because it was revised only related with restructuring the government organization and changing the S&T Policy Coordinating Committee system. And therefore, this paper aims to review the problems and complementary factors and suggest the improvement draft on The Framework Act On Science And Technology. According to study, the revision methodologies are following : first, the Chapter and Paragraph of the law should be restructured to improve the systemicity, next the comprehensiveness, effectiveness, connections with related special laws and compatibility of the law should be complemented by adding the new provision or amending the inadequate provision to improve the position and function as a general and basic norm.

차 과학기술 융합의 시대에 법정책학의 역할과 방향

강태우 ( Kang Tae-woo ),허동혁 ( Heo Dong-hyuk ),오태원 ( Oh Tai-won ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구원 2024 과학기술법연구 Vol.30 No.1

근대 사회가 발전하면서 제도적 기반으로 법과 실행의 기반으로 정책이 중요한 요소로 작용하였다. 이런 과정에서 법과 정책은 별개의 영역으로 독자적인 기능이 있다고 인식하였다. 법은 사회 발전과 안정성 확보라는 목표를 달성하기 위한 강제력을 가진 규범으로, 정책은 이러한 법의 목표와 이념을 달성하기 위한 행정력을 기반으로 한 수단으로 인식되었다. 농경사회를 거쳐서 근대 산업사회에 이르기까지 사회분업이 명확하였고, 사회 구조가 비교적 단순하여 이런 법과 정책의 분리와 개별 활동이 가능하였다. 그러나 21세기 현재 우리 사회는 첨단과학기술의 급속한 발전으로 인해 사회 구조가 매우 복잡해지고 있으며, 20세기 기준으로 구분이 가능하였던 영역이 상호 혼합되며 새로운 영역을 만들어 내고 있다. 이런 환경 변화에 따라서 법과 정책도 이분법적 사고에서 하나의 개념으로 인식되기 시작하였으며, 법과 정책이 순환 작용으로 사회 기제의 한 요소로 자리매김하고 있다. 법과 정책의 새로운 인식에 따라 이를 ‘법정책학’이라고 한다. 과거 입법론을 중심으로 발전되어 온 법정책학은 법의 목적을 구현하고 이를 우리 사회에 효과적으로 적용하기 위한 정책과의 상관관계를 과학적으로 탐구하는 분야로 자리매김하고 있다. 이는 법률 제정하고 시행함에 있어 정책적 요소를 고려하지 않을 수 없으며, 또한 정책집행의 근거가 되는 법 제정의 올바른 방향 설정과 입법에 영향을 주고 있기 때문이다. 최근 법정책학이 주목받는 이유는 과학기술 변화로 인한 급속한 사회 변화에 선제적이고 능동적으로 대응함을 요구받고 있기 때문이다. 기후변화, 자연재해 등 이제까지 겪어보지 못한 새로운 위협에 대하여 문제를 해결하고, 파생되는 새로운 문제를 막기 위해서는 법과 정책을 통해서 강하게 대처할 필요가 있다. 또한 인공지능과 신경과학의 융합 등 과학기술이 이종 기술 간 융합으로 새로운 학제 간 연구가 대두됨에 따라 이런 과학기술이 올바르게 촉진하고 사용될 수 있도록 법정책이 뒷받침되어야 한다. 그리고 이런 과학기술의 변화는 다시 법정책에 영향을 미쳐 우리사회가 보다 올바른 방향으로 발전할 수 있는 근간을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. As modern society has progressed, policies have played a crucial role as the foundation of laws and enforcement based on institutional frameworks. In this process, laws and policies have been recognized as distinct realms with independent functions. Laws are norms with coercive power aimed at achieving societal development and stability, while policies are perceived as means based on administrative power to achieve these goals and the ideals of laws. From agrarian societies to modern industrial societies, the social division of labor has been clear, and societal structures have been relatively simple, allowing for the separation and individual activities of laws and policies. However, in the current 21st century, our society is becoming increasingly complex due to the rapid advancement of cutting-edge science and technology. Areas that were distinguishable by 20th-century standards are now intermixed, creating new domains. In response to these environmental changes, there has been a shift in perceiving laws and policies from a dichotomous perspective to a unified concept, where laws and policies are entrenched as elements of societal governance through cyclical interactions. This new understanding of laws and policies is referred to as 'legal-policy stuies'. Evolving from a focus on legislative theory, legal-policy studies have established itself as a field that scientifically explores the correlation between the objectives of laws and the effective application of policies in our society. This is because policy-making cannot disregard the policy-oriented aspects in enacting and implementing laws and also influences the proper direction setting of legislative activities. The recent attention towards legal-policy studies is due to the demand for proactive and adaptive responses to rapid societal changes caused by scientific and technological transformations. To address new threats such as climate change and natural disasters, as well as to prevent emerging issues, there is a strong need to confront them through laws and policies. Moreover, as interdisciplinary research emerges from the convergence of diverse technologies like artificial intelligence and neuroscience, legal-policy stuies must support the proper promotion and utilization of these technologies. Furthermore, these changes in science and technology will, in turn, influence legal-policy stuies, providing a foundation for our society to evolve in a more righteous direction.

중국의 행정개혁과 과학기술 분야 기본 법제의 개정에관한 소고: 중국 과학기술진보법과한국 과학기술기본법의 비교를 중심으로

이혜진 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2023 중소연구 Vol.47 No.1

This study undertakes a comprehensive comparative analysis of the enactment and revision of China’s Science and Technology Progress Act and Korea's Framework Act on Science and Technology with a particular focus on the administrative system. The research aims to examine and compare the changes and distinguishing features of the administrative system within the realm of science and technology. Notably, the study identifies distinctive characteristics of the transformation process in China's administrative system, which places a strong emphasis on coordination. Furthermore, it recognizes the shared objective of developing an innovation system tailored to the specific circumstances of each country. In this regard, China highlights the significance of supporting technological innovation by enterprises, especially in light of recent instances of technology protectionism and intensifying competition for dominance between the United States and China. By conducting a thorough comparison of the laws governing science and technology in both countries, this study examines the formation and evolution of the administrative systems in response to global environmental changes. Moreover, it presents the potential for future comparative analysis with the administrative systems of other relevant nations. 본고는 중국의 과학기술진보법과 한국의 과학기술기본법의 제․개정 내용을 행정체제를 중심으로 비교 분석하였다. 정책을 수립하고 조정, 실행하는 주체가 되는 과학기술 분야의 행정체제 관련 사항의 변화와 특징을 중심으로 비교 분석하였다. 먼저 총괄 조정기구의 필요성으로부터 출발했으나 부처별 자원 배분과 관리 기능이 강화되는 한국과 정책 실행 중심에서 점차 상위 수준의 총괄조정이 강조되는 중국의 행정체제 변화 과정에서 나타나는 특성을 확인하였다. 각 국가에 맞는 혁신체제가 요구된다는 공통의 방향성 하에서 중국은 기업의 기술혁신 지원이 강조되는 특징과, 최근의 기술보호주의와 미-중 간 패권 경쟁 속에 자립자강에 대한 이슈가 강조되고 있다. 본고는 양국의 법제 비교를 통해 글로벌 환경 변화에 대응하는 국가별 행정체제 형성과 변화를 이해할 필요성, 향후 다른 유관 국가 행정체제와의 비교 가능성을 제안하였다.