근거이론을 통한 인과순환지도 구축 : 근거시스템이론(GST)의 모색

김동환 한국시스템다이내믹스학회 2023 한국시스템다이내믹스 연구 Vol.24 No.2

Grounded theory, which has recently gained popularity in the social sciences, can be an excellent method for providing empirical support for system dynamics research. Several efforts have been made to integrate grounded theory and system dynamics for this purpose. However, previous integration attempts have primarily focused on system dynamics and have not incorporated the paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin, widely used in the social sciences. This paper introduces ‘grounded system theory (GST)’, aiming to integrate systems thinking and the grounded theory approach by Strauss and Corbin. The grounded systems theory approach involves open coding, axial coding, and loop coding. The application of ‘grounded system theory’ was discussed by utilizing interview data on ‘the dilemma of artificial intelligence’. The ‘grounded systems theory’ proposed in this paper presents a systematic procedure for using qualitative data to construct a causal loop diagram, thereby serving as a bridge between grounded theory and system dynamics.

근거이론 담론과 사회복지 지식형성

김인숙(Kim In Sook) 비판과 대안을 위한 사회복지학회 2012 비판사회정책 Vol.- No.34

Glaser와 Strauss가 1967년 ‘근거이론의 발견’을 출간한 이후 근거이론에 대한 논쟁과 다양한 담론들이 제기되고 있다. 한국 사회복지학계는 이러한 논쟁 및 담론들에 무관심한 채 오직 Strauss의 방법에 기대어 근거이론 연구들을 생산해내고 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 문제의식에서 출발하여, 근거이론을 둘러싸고 벌어지는 담론의 지형을 소개하고 사회복지학 내 근거이론 지식생산의 특징을 분석함으로써 근거이론을 이용한 앞으로의 지식생산의 의미와 방향을 짚어보았다. 근거이론은 창안자인 Glaser와 Strauss는 물론 다양한 논자들 사이에서 근거이론의 방법, 근거이론의 인식론적 ‘재해석’과 ‘통합’을 둘러싸고 논쟁적 담론이 형성되고 있었다. 사회복지학에서 근거이론방법을 이용한 연구들은 양적 우위와 방법적 획일성, 기본적 사회적 과정의 비가시화, 실체이론의 결여, 현상과 맥락의 분절화, 미시와 거시, 속성과 실천의 지나친 불균형을 보이고 있었다. 근거이론이 사회복지학 내 풍부한 지식을 생산하기 위해서는 근거이론의 인식론적, 방법적 다양성에 대한 실험과 거시-구조적 맥락을 가시화하고 확장하는 것이 필요하다. Grounded theory has raised many important debates since 1967 when was published “The Discovery of Grounded Theory” by Glaser and Strauss. But social welfare academics in Korea are indifferent to these debates relating to grounded theory. They have produced only grounded theory researches which relied on Strauss’ method. This study mapped the configuration of grounded theory discourses and analyzed grounded theory resesrches in social welfare academics. Based on these maps and analyses, I proposed the directions and implications of grounded theory debates. Grounded theory has been divided into two versions, Glaser version and Strauss version. Two versions are different in research methods. And many writers has reinterpreted epistemologically and integrated grounded theory with other perspectives- feminism, critical theory, hermeneutics. Five distinctive characteristics were founded in social welfare researches using grounded theory: 1) quantitative superiority among various qualitative methods and methodological uniformity 2) not visualizing of Basic Social Process 3) lack of substantive theory 4) segmentalization of acts and contexts 5) unbalance between micro and macro, attribute and practice. We need to experiment methodologically and epistemologically diversities around the debates and to expand macrostructural contexts.

선교 연구 방법론으로서의 근거 이론

김한성 ( Han Seung Kim ) 한국복음주의선교신학회 2010 복음과 선교 Vol.13 No.-

This study seeks to introduce grounded theory as a missiological research method, for the last three years, two major Korean academic jounals for missions studies have published only two articles that were based on field research, Barney G, Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss explained that grounded theory discovers theory from data systematically obtained from social research. In this study, I suggest that grounded theory be a methodology that is sustainable and does not demand too much time and resources. Grounded theory was introduced by Glaser and Strauss in 1967. Since then, this methodology was widely used, including nursing, social welfare, education. This theory was introduced to Korea in 1987. From then on, this theory was used various disciplines. And yet, the usage of this theory in missions study in the Korean language was not found. This study explains the key concepts of grounded theory: theoretical sampling, theoretical sensitivity, theoretical saturation, memoing and coding. This study, then, talks about the process of the theory. This study, then, provides benefits and limitation of grounded theory as a missiological research method.

Strauss와 Corbin 근거이론의 변화

김지은(Kim, Ji Eun) 한국간호과학회 2019 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.49 No.5

Purpose: This study aimed to introduce and elucidate changes in Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory and discuss its application to the field of nursing in South Korea. Methods: The changes in grounded theory by Strauss and Corbin were examined through a literature review of grounded theory from its inception. Results: Strauss and Corbin acknowledged their philosophical backgrounds of symbolic interactionism and pragmatism; however, their methodology based on positivism overwhelmed their epistemology and ontology. This inconsistency has been rep¬resented by the coding paradigm and the premise of “emergent from the data.” In the revised version of Basics, Strauss and Corbin modified their theory to weaken the coding paradigm and strengthen the strategies for the development of substantive theory. Conclusion: Strauss and Corbin’s revised grounded theory did not fully address the inconsistency of their epistemology and ontology between their acknowledgement and methodology. However, these changes constitute a meaningful step toward resolving inconsistencies and highlight the development of substantive theory. This has implications for Korean nursing researchers who have utilized methodologies in grounded theory with dogmatic approaches; grounded theory, with its evolving nature, is not a finalized method and calls for open approaches for the development of a grounded theory that fits Korean nursing.

근거이론의 근거에 대한 음미

이영철(李永喆) 한국정책과학학회 2014 한국정책과학학회보 Vol.18 No.1

근거이론을 사용하는 연구가 늘어나고 있지만, 근거이론의 적절한 적용이 문제가 되고 있다. 가장 큰 이유는 근거이론에는 상이한 세 가지 흐름이 있고, 각 흐름에 따라 연구의 방법도 달라질 수 있는데, 이런 측면이 실제 연구에서는 체계적으로 검토되고 있지 못하기 때문이다. 이 글은 근거이론을 둘러싼 논의를 활성화하고 근거이론의 적절한 적용을 위해서 두 가지 작업을 하였다. 첫째, 근거이론의 방법론과 방법에 관한 논의를 세 가지 흐름, 즉 Glaser의 실증적 근거이론, Strauss의 상징적 상호주의 근거이론, 구성주의 근거이론을 이론적으로 검토하여 정리하였다. 둘째, 이론적인 논의에 따라서 근거이론방법을 구체적으로 적용한 논문을 대상으로 삼아 근거이론방법과 절차를 비판적으로 검토하였다. Despite of the growing popularity of grounded theory, its proper application has been subject to scrutiny. A major reason for the debate comes from the fact that there has not been a conscious effort to make distinctions between three different streams of grounded theory and to see the practical implications of the distinction for research. In this paper, we have two objectives: first, to analyze theoretical underpinnings of three streams, i.e., positivistic grounded theory(by Glaser), symbolic interactionism-based grounded theory(by Strauss) and constructivist grounded theory (mainly by Charmaz); second, illustrate the practical implications of our theoretical distinction by critically examining a study based on the grounded theory.

근거이론적 방법의 이론화 논리에 대한 이해: 한국행정학의 비맥락성과 방법론적 편향성 문제를 중심으로

권향원,최도림 한국행정학회 2011 韓國行政學報 Vol.45 No.1

본 연구는 한국행정학의 비맥락성과 방법론적 편향성의 문제에 대한 방법론적 대답의 하나로 ‘근거이론적 방법(grounded theory method)’의 이론적 논리구조를 고찰하였다. 논의에 있어서 초점은 방법론에 대한 지침서적인 혹은 연혁적인 소개가 아닌 근거이론적 방법이 정초하고 있는 인식론적 구조와 실질적인 활용 모델에 두었다. 최근 근거이론적 방법을 활용한 경험적 연구 및 시도들이 행정학에 있어서도 조금씩 선을 보이고 있음에도 불구하고, 그 수용성을 높이고 활용을 극대화하기 위한 방법론의 인식론적 정당화 논리에 대한 심층적인 탐색 및 제시는 찾아보기 힘들었다. 이러한 문제의식에서 본 연구는 근거이론적 방법이 다른 질적 이론과 구분되는 가장 주요한 특징인 ‘이론의 귀납적-질적 생성’이라는 아이디어의 인식론적 정당화 논리를 분석하고, 행정조직 및 정책연구에서 활용방안과 유용성, 그리고 실행상의 유의점을 논의하였다. The purpose of the study is to examine the theoretical logic structure of the grounded theory method as a means to answer the question of the decontextualization and methodological bias of public administration in Korea. The focus of discussion is not upon the guidance or introduction of the methodology, but upon the practical application model and epistemological structure upon which the grounded theory method is based. Although some empirical studies employing the grounded theory method in the field of public administration have recently appeared, it is very difficult to find research on an in-depth exploration into and suggestions about the epistemological justification of the grounded theory method. Such research is necessary to increase acceptance and maximize application of the theory. In this context, this study analyzed the logic of the epistemological justification of “the inductive-qualitative production of theory,” which is the main characteristic distinguishing the grounded theory method from other qualitative methods. The application, usefulness, and limitations of the method are then discussed.

근거이론(Grounded Theory)의 고찰

박연숙 공주문화대학 2000 공주문화대학·논문집 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study was to review of a literature study of Grounded Theory. Grounded Theory was first developed by Glaser and Struss(1967) to address issues raised within sociology about the understanding of human behavior. The theoretical base for grounded theory is symbolic interactionism. Symbolic interactionism stresses that human behavior is developed through interaction with others. through continuous processes of negotiation and renegotiation. People construct their own realities from the symbols around them through interaction. Therefors, individuals are active participants in creating meaning in a situation. The primary purpose of grounded theory is to generate explanatory theories of human behavior, It is discovered, developed, and then verified systematic data collection and analysis of data related to an identified phenomenon. Data collection, sampling. and analysis all occur simultaneously as the study progresses, and sampling and further data collection are bases on the emerging theory. Finally the important one of purpose in nursing I relate in improving of nursing practice. Methodologic study of grounded theory is recognize in very important to development of nursing theory for nursing practice.

다중근거이론(MGT)을 활용한 댄스피트니스 소비자행동 분석

김지영,박정주,이지영,김은혜 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2020 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.25 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analysis a consumer behavior model of dance fitness in korea, using the multi-grounded theory (MGT) that has recently been attempted in business research. The multi-grounded theory is research methodology that integrates inductive approach to empirical data and deductive approach to supplement and evolve the existing theoretical models, making up for the limitations of the existing grounded theory. This study intended to propose a model capable of additionally explaining the characteristics of consumer behavior in dance fitness, on the basis of the existing consumption behavior models of AIDMA (attention-interest-desire-memory-act) and AISAS (attention-interest–search-action-share). The selection of research participants for data collection was made according to the spiral procedure (Creswell, 2002) based on theoretical sampling and saturation principles. Additional research participants were recruited using 'snowball sampling.' Finally, 28 women (in their 20s through 40s) were selected as research participants, and an open-ended questionnaire survey was conducted with them. Among them, only 10 subjects who consented to in-depth interview were interviewed 1.5 times on average. As for data processing, the analysis of high-frequency key words from company-wide data and the open-ended questionnaire texts and the analysis of relationships between categorized elements were conducted, using MAXQDA 18.0 program that has the capability to process and analyze qualitative data automatically. At this time, the framework of analysis comprised Strauss & Corbin's (1998) open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results are as follows: First, this study carried out hierarchical categorization and nomenclature that clarified concepts and formulated their properties and dimensions within data. A total of 12 categories, 34 sub-categories, and 145 concepts were derived from open coding. Second, causal relations of paradigm were presented, using the axial coding and selective coding methods of the grounded theory. This study viewed 'elegant exercise' perceived by participants in dance fitness as the central phenomenon, and derived causal conditions and contextual conditions impacting the phenomenon. In addition, it was possible to derive the consumption behavior results of 'cultural consumption,' 'functional consumption' and 'emotional consumption' from intervening conditions and interaction strategies. Third, this study presented the characteristics of results derived from qualitative data about dance fitness consumer behavior merged on the basis of the existing consumption models. Particularly, while the results of this study showed a flow similar to the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral stages of AIDMA and AISAS, it could find behavioral characteristics leading to repurchase behavior through active 'evaluation' and 'sharing' in 'on-off blended' environment unlike the existing models. And this study tried to identify them with cyclical condition at the behavioral stage. This study is significant in that it offers academic and practical implications by integrating empirical data on the basis of the existing consumer behavioral models and proposing a model that reflects the consumption characteristics of dance fitness. 이 연구는 최근 비즈니스 현장 연구에서 시도되고 있는 다중근거이론(multi-grounded theory, MGT)을 활용하여 국내 댄스피트니스의 소비자행동 모델을 제시하는 데에 목적이 있다. 다중근거이론은 기존의 근거이론의 한계를 보완하여 실증자료의 귀납적 접근과 기존의 이론적 모델을 보완하여 발전시키는 연역적 접근을 통합하는 연구방법이다. 이 연구는 소비행동에 관한 AIDMA(attention-interest-desire-memory-act)와 AISAS(attention-interest–search-action-share)의 기존 모델을 기반으로 댄스피트니스의 소비자행동 특성을 추가적으로 설명할 수 있는 모델을 제시하고자 하였다. 자료수집을 위한 연구참여자 선정은 이론적 표본 추출(theoretical sampling)과 포화의 원리에서 나선적인 절차(Creswell, 2002)에 의해 이루어졌다. 추가적인 연구참여자는 ‘눈덩이 표집(snowball sampling)’을 통해 모집하였다. 최종적으로 댄스피트니스에 참여하는 여성(20~40대) 28명을 연구참여자로 선정하여 개방형 설문을 실시하였다. 이 중 심층면담에 동의한 10명만을 대상으로 평균 1.5회의 면담을 실시하였다. 자료처리는 질적 자료의 자동화 처리와 분석이 가능한 MAXQDA 18.0 program을 활용하여 전사자료 및 개방형설문지의 텍스트 가운데 빈도수가 높은 키워드 분석, 범주화 요인간의 관계성 분석을 실시하였다. 이때, 분석의 기본 틀은 Strauss와 Corbin(1998)의 개방코딩, 축코딩, 선택코딩으로 이루어졌다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이 연구는 개념을 명확히 하고 그 속성과 수준을 자료 내에서 형성해 나가는 위계적인 범주화와 명명화를 실시하였다. 개방코딩(open coding)을 통하여 총 12개의 상위범주, 34개의 하위범주, 145개의 개념어를 도출하였다. 둘째, 근거이론의 축코딩(axial coding)과 선택코딩(selective coding) 방법을 통해 패러다임의 인과관계를 제시하였다. 이 연구는 댄스피트니스 참여자가 지각하는 ‘우아한 운동’이라는 인식을 중심현상으로 보고 이에 영향을 미치는 인과적 조건과 맥락적 조건을 각각 도출하였다. 또한 중재적 조건과 상호작용 전략을 통하여 ‘문화적 소비’, ‘기능적 소비’, ‘감성적 소비’라는 소비행동 결과를 도출할 수 있었다. 셋째, 기존의 소비 모델을 기반으로 댄스피트니스 소비자행동에 관한 질적 자료들을 병합하여 도출된 결과의 특징을 제시하였다. 특히, 이 연구의 결과는 AIDMA와 AISAS의 인지적, 정서적, 행동적 단계와 유사한 흐름을 보이고 있었으나, 기존의 모델과 달리 ‘온-오프 블랜디드’ 환경에서 적극적인 ‘평가’와 ‘공유’를 통해 재구매 행동으로 이어지는 행동적 특성을 발견할 수 있었다. 또한 이러한 과정을 ‘인지-정서적 단계’, ‘정서-행동적 단계’, ‘행동-인지적 단계’로 명명하고, 각 단계에서의 연결성을 순환적 조건(cyclical condition)으로 규명하고자 하였다. 이 연구는 기존 소비자행동 모델을 기반으로 경험적 자료를 통합하여 댄스피트니스의 소비특성을 반영한 모델을 제시함으로써 학술적, 실무적 시사점을 제공하는데 의의가 있다.

질적 연구의 심화와 확장: 한국 정치학 연구에서의 근거이론 방법 적용 가능성

박나라 한국정치정보학회 2020 정치정보연구 Vol.23 No.2

This article examines grounded theory, one of the most preferred qualitative research methods in the social sciences, to help open a new horizon in the field of political methodology in Korea. A survey of Korean political science research in recent decades shows that despite the increasing predominance of quantitative, statistical methods, a number of studies still used non-quantitative methods, among which only a few followed qualitative methodology in the strict sense. In addition, there has not been much scholarly discussion on qualitative research methodology. In this regard, the grounded theory method, aiming at constructing theory grounded in data under the qualitative-inductive paradigm, would be able to bring balance to the methodological spectrum, which is dominated by the quantitative-deductive paradigm, to test existing theories. Ultimately, grounded theory will contribute to addressing the gap between grand theory and reality and to contextualizing middle-range theories, especially in Korean politics, comparative politics, and international relations research. 본 논문은 한국 정치학 연구 방법론 논의의 새로운 지평을 열기 위해, 대표적인 사회과학 질적 연구 방법의 하나인 근거이론 방법에 대해 고찰한다. 최근 한국 정치학 연구에서 계량적, 통계적 방법의 증가에도 불구하고 여전히 비계량적 방법을 사용한 논문이 상당수를 차지하지만, 질적 연구 방법(methods)에 의거하여 자료를 분석한 논문은 많지 않으며, 질적 연구방법론(methodology)에 대한 체계적인 고찰도 찾아보기 어렵다. 이러한 상황에서 질적-귀납적 패러다임 하에서 “자료에 근거한 이론 창출”을 목표로 하는 근거이론 방법(grounded theory method)은 기존 이론에 대한 검증을 금과옥조로 삼는 양적-연역적 패러다임의 다른 한 쪽에서 방법론적 균형을 가져올 것이다. 궁극적으로 근거이론은, 특히 한국정치, 비교정치, 국제정치 등의 분야에서, 거대이론과 현실 세계를 이어주는 중범위이론이 한국적 맥락에서 생성되도록 하는 데 많은 기여를 할 것으로 기대한다.

A Study on the Conceptual Framework of User Experience of Mobile Map Service Based on Grounded Theory

양벽미 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.6

A Study on the Conceptual Framework of User Experience ofMobile Map Service Based on Grounded TheoryBiwei Yang Abstract: This study proposes a conceptual framework of mobile map service user experience, to improve user experience. Based on the theoretical framework of Perceived Affordance, this study uses grounded theory to code and analyze the version iterations of three mainstream mobile map services in China. This study corresponds perceived affordance to the specific functions of mobile map services and theoretically mapping users’ needs and perceived affordance in adopting and using mobile map services by drawing on related theories. This study finally constructs the “Needs-Affordance-Features” framework in mobile map service through theoretical analysis, which reveals the core dimensions of mobile map service user experience design. This study helps to enhance the situational exploration of perceived affordance theory in information interaction. It provides a reference basis for the mainstream mobile map service user experience design. Key Words: Mobile Map Service, User Experience, Grounded Theory, Perceived Affordance, Needs-Affordance-Features A Study on the Conceptual Framework of User Experience ofMobile Map Service Based on Grounded TheoryBiwei Yang Abstract: This study proposes a conceptual framework of mobile map service user experience, to improve user experience. Based on the theoretical framework of Perceived Affordance, this study uses grounded theory to code and analyze the version iterations of three mainstream mobile map services in China. This study corresponds perceived affordance to the specific functions of mobile map services and theoretically mapping users’ needs and perceived affordance in adopting and using mobile map services by drawing on related theories. This study finally constructs the “Needs-Affordance-Features” framework in mobile map service through theoretical analysis, which reveals the core dimensions of mobile map service user experience design. This study helps to enhance the situational exploration of perceived affordance theory in information interaction. It provides a reference basis for the mainstream mobile map service user experience design. Key Words: Mobile Map Service, User Experience, Grounded Theory, Perceived Affordance, Needs-Affordance-Features