Simulation of Flood Evolution and Quantitative Rrisk Assessment of Baige Landslide in Jinsha River, China

( Yang Jiangtao ),( Shi Zhenming ),( Peng Ming ),( Zhu Chunan ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

On October 10, 2018, a landslide with volume about 2.2×10⁶㎥ occurred in Baige Village, Sichuan Province, China, which blocked the Jinsha River and formed a landslide dam with height of 120m, width of 200m and a storage capacity of about 1.5×10⁸㎥. The reservoir water was naturally discharged and its flood had no effect on the downstream area. On November 3, the second landslide with volume about 8.5×10⁶㎥ occurred in the same point, which further increased the original dam width nearly 50m, and formed a landslide dam with height of 170m, and its storage capacity reached 5.24×10⁸㎥. Due to the large storage capacity and the uncertainty of the breaching of the dam, and the discharge flood generated by its breach can bring great threat to the lives and property in the downstream areas. This paper compares the DABA with the measured data to obtain its discharge flow curve, and further based on Hec-Ras to simulate the flood evolution of Baige landslide dam, and the downstream submergence range has been determined. Finally, the Bayesian method is used to quantify the downstream individual risk and loss of life. The results show that Shangjiang and Judian Town were the most seriously affected. In addition, the quantitative risk assessment results show that the amount of risk is negatively correlated with the distance from the dam site. The casualty rate is low due to the submergence area is basically located in the downstream. However, the property loss of local infrastructure and farmland is more serious.

Changes in element accumulation, phenolic metabolism, and antioxidative enzyme activities in the red-skin roots of Panax ginseng

Ying Zhou,Zhenming Yang,Lingling Gao,Wen Liu,Rongkun Liu,Junting Zhao,Jiangfeng You 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: Red-skin root disease has seriously decreased the quality and production of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Methods: To explore the disease’s origin, comparative analysis was performed in different parts of the plant, particularly the epidermis, cortex, and/or fibrous roots of 5-yr-old healthy and diseased red-skin ginseng. The inorganic element composition, phenolic compound concentration, reactive oxidation system, antioxidant concentrations such as ascorbate and glutathione, activities of enzymes related to phenolic metabolism and oxidation, and antioxidative system particularly the ascorbateeglutathione cycle were examined using conventional methods. Results: Aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium, and phosphorus were increased, whereas manganese was unchanged and calcium was decreased in the epidermis and fibrous root of red-skin ginseng, which also contained higher levels of phenolic compounds, higher activities of the phenolic compound-synthesizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the phenolic compound oxidation-related enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. As the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase, higher levels of H2O2 and correspondingly higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were found in red-skin ginseng. Increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione; increased activities of L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione reductase; and lower activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were found in red-skin ginseng. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained constant. Conclusion: Hence, higher element accumulation, particularly Al and Fe, activated multiple enzymes related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and their oxidation. This might contribute to red-skin symptoms in ginseng. It is proposed that antioxidant and antioxidative enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbateeglutathione cycles, are activated to protect against phenolic compound oxidation.

Changes in element accumulation, phenolic metabolism, and antioxidative enzyme activities in the red-skin roots of Panax ginseng

Zhou, Ying,Yang, Zhenming,Gao, Lingling,Liu, Wen,Liu, Rongkun,Zhao, Junting,You, Jiangfeng The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: Red-skin root disease has seriously decreased the quality and production of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Methods: To explore the disease's origin, comparative analysis was performed in different parts of the plant, particularly the epidermis, cortex, and/or fibrous roots of 5-yr-old healthy and diseased red-skin ginseng. The inorganic element composition, phenolic compound concentration, reactive oxidation system, antioxidant concentrations such as ascorbate and glutathione, activities of enzymes related to phenolic metabolism and oxidation, and antioxidative system particularly the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were examined using conventional methods. Results: Aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium, and phosphorus were increased, whereas manganese was unchanged and calcium was decreased in the epidermis and fibrous root of red-skin ginseng, which also contained higher levels of phenolic compounds, higher activities of the phenolic compound-synthesizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the phenolic compound oxidation-related enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. As the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase, higher levels of $H_2O_2$ and correspondingly higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were found in red-skin ginseng. Increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione; increased activities of $\text\tiny L$-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione reductase; and lower activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were found in red-skin ginseng. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained constant. Conclusion: Hence, higher element accumulation, particularly Al and Fe, activated multiple enzymes related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and their oxidation. This might contribute to red-skin symptoms in ginseng. It is proposed that antioxidant and antioxidative enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycles, are activated to protect against phenolic compound oxidation.

Finite-element analysis and design of aluminum alloy RHSs and SHSs with through-openings in bending

Ran Feng,Tao Yang,Zhenming Chen,Krishanu Roy,Boshan Chen,James B. P. Lim 국제구조공학회 2023 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.46 No.3

This paper presents a finite-element analysis (FEA) of aluminum alloy rectangular hollow sections (RHSs) and square hollow sections (SHSs) with circular through-openings under three-point and four-point bending. First, a finite-element model (FEM) was developed and validated against the corresponding test results available in the literature. Next, using the validated FE models, a parametric study comprising 180 FE models was conducted. The cross-section width-to-thickness ratio (b/t) ranged from 2 to 5, the hole size ratio (d/h) ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 and the quantity of holes (n) ranged from 2 to 6, respectively. Third, results obtained from laboratory test and FEA were compared with current design strengths calculated in accordance with the North American Specifications (NAS), the modified direct strength method (DSM) and the modified Continuous strength method (CSM). The comparison shows that the modified CSM are conservative by 15% on average for aluminum alloy RHSs and SHSs with circular through-openings subject to bending. Finally, a new design equation is proposed based on the modified CSM after being validated with results obtained from laboratory test and FEA. The proposed design equation can provide accurate predictions of flexural capacities for aluminum alloy RHSs and SHSs with circular throughopenings.

High-Conductivity SiO2-Matrix B-Doped Si-NC Thin Films by Following Ion-Beam Treatment

Junjun Huang,Weiyan Wang,Jie Yang,Yongzhen Tan,Wei Chen,Tianyu Ge,Yajun Zhang,Min Gao,Zhenming Chen 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.6

In this work, further ion-beam was performed on SiO2-matrix B-doped Si-NC (SBC) thin films in order to enhance conductivity. The effect of ionbeamtype on the electrical properties of SBC thin films was investigatedsystematically. The results indicated that the conductivities of SBC thinfilms were significantly improved by both argon and hydrogen ion-beamtreatments, and the higher the hydrogen ion ratio, the higher theconductivity of SBC thin films. The conductivity of SBC thin films wasincreased from 1.82 × 10−6 S/cm to 3.2 × 10−3 S/cm with followinghydrogen-ion-beam treatment. The change in conductivity of SBC thinfilms was most possibly resultant from the ion-beam treatment facilitatingthe formation of higher superficial order and lower defects. An alternativemethod was proposed to prepare high-conductivity SBC thin films, whichmay be applied to other heterogeneous thin films.

Seasonal changes in soil acidity and related properties in ginseng artificial bed soils under a plastic shade

Jiangfeng You,Xing Liu,Bo Zhang,Zhongkai Xie,Zhiguang Hou,Zhenming Yang 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3

Background: In Changbai Mountains, Panax ginseng (ginseng) was cultivated in a mixture of the humus and albic horizons of albic luvisol in a raised garden with plastic shade. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ginseng planting on soil characteristics. Methods: The mixed-bed soils were seasonally collected at intervals of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm for different-aged ginsengs. Soil physico-chemical characteristics were studied using general methods. Aluminum was extracted from the soil solids with NH₄Cl (exchangeable Al) and Na-pyrophosphate (organic Al) and was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: A remarkable decrease in the pH, concentrations of exchangeable calcium, NH₄⁺, total organic carbon (TOC), and organic Al, as well as a pronounced increase in the bulk density were observed in the different-aged ginseng soils from one spring to the next. The decrease in pH in the ginseng soils was positively correlated with the NH⁺₄ (r=0.463, p<0.01), exchangeable calcium (r=0.325, p<0.01) and TOC (r = 0.292, p < 0.05) concentrations. The NO₃ showed remarkable surface accumulation (0-5 cm) in the summer and even more in the autumn but declined considerably the next spring. The exchangeable Al fluctuated from 0.10 mg g<SUP>-1</SUP> to 0.50 mg g<SUP>-1</SUP> for dry soils, which was positively correlated with the NO₃ (r=0.401, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the TOC (r=-0.329, p < 0.05). The Al saturation varied from 10% to 41% and was higher in the summer and autumn, especially in the 0-5 cmand 5-10 cm layers. Conclusion: Taken together, our study revealed a seasonal shift in soil characteristics in ginseng beds with plastic shade.

Seasonal changes in soil acidity and related properties in ginseng artificial bed soils under a plastic shade

You, Jiangfeng,Liu, Xing,Zhang, Bo,Xie, Zhongkai,Hou, Zhiguang,Yang, Zhenming The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.1

Background: In Changbai Mountains, Panax ginseng (ginseng) was cultivated in a mixture of the humus and albic horizons of albic luvisol in a raised garden with plastic shade. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ginseng planting on soil characteristics. Methods: The mixed-bed soils were seasonally collected at intervals of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm for different-aged ginsengs. Soil physico-chemical characteristics were studied using general methods. Aluminum was extracted from the soil solids with $NH_4Cl $(exchangeable Al) and Na-pyrophosphate (organic Al) and was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: A remarkable decrease in the pH, concentrations of exchangeable calcium, $NH_4^+$, total organic carbon (TOC), and organic Al, as well as a pronounced increase in the bulk density were observed in the different-aged ginseng soils from one spring to the next. The decrease in pH in the ginseng soils was positively correlated with the $NH_4^+$ (r=0.463, p<0.01), exchangeable calcium (r=0.325, p<0.01) and TOC (r= 0.292, p < 0.05) concentrations. The $NO_3^-$ showed remarkable surface accumulation (0-5 cm) in the summer and even more in the autumn but declined considerably the next spring. The exchangeable Al fluctuated from $0.10mg\;g^{-1}$ to $0.50mg\;g^{-1}$ for dry soils, which was positively correlated with the $NO_3^-$ (r=0.401, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the TOC (r=-0.329, p < 0.05). The Al saturation varied from 10% to 41% and was higher in the summer and autumn, especially in the 0-5 cmand 5-10 cm layers. Conclusion: Taken together, our study revealed a seasonal shift in soil characteristics in ginseng beds with plastic shade.

Overexpression of A RING finger ubiquitin ligase gene AtATRF1 enhances aluminium tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Xiaomei Qin,Sheng Huang,Yanqing Liu,Mingdi Bian,Wuliang Shi,Zecheng Zuo,Zhenming Yang 한국식물학회 2017 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.60 No.1

Aluminium (Al) toxicity is a primary limitation of crop production in acid soils, which take over 40% of arable soil worldwide. In previous studies, a series of genes have been identified to regulate the plant Al resistance or tolerance. However, none of E3 ubiquitin ligase, the key factor of ubiquitination that plays an important role in plant growth and development, has been characterized for Al response in Arabidopsis. In this study, an E3 ubiquition ligase gene AtATRF1 (Al Tolerance RING Finger 1), a homolog of RAD18 interacting RAD6 to repair the damaged DNA in human and yeast, is isolated from Arabidopsis. It encodes a predicted protein of 296 amino acids with a C3HC4 type RING finger domain. The expression of AtATRF1 is induced by Al, and the transgenic plant overexpressing AtATRF1 enhances the Al tolerance. Similar as RAD18, the AtATRF1 locates in nucleus and regulates the expression of AtATR, which involves in DNA repair and Al response in Arabidopsis. Our results indicate that nuclearlocated AtATRF1 may interact and ubiquitinate the transcriptional regulator of AtATR to mediate the Al tolerance of Arabidopsis.

Seasonal changes in soil acidity and related properties in ginseng artificial bed soils under a plastic shade

Jiangfeng You,Xing Liu,Bo Zhang,Zhongkai Xie,Zhiguang Hou,Zhenming Yang 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.1

Background: In Changbai Mountains, Panax ginseng (ginseng) was cultivated in a mixture of the humusand albic horizons of albic luvisol in a raised garden with plastic shade. This study aimed to evaluate theimpact of ginseng planting on soil characteristics. Methods: The mixed-bed soils were seasonally collected at intervals of 0e5 cm, 5e10 cm, and 10e15 cmfor different-aged ginsengs. Soil physico-chemical characteristics were studied using general methods. Aluminum was extracted from the soil solids with NH4Cl (exchangeable Al) and Na-pyrophosphate(organic Al) and was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: A remarkable decrease in the pH, concentrations of exchangeable calcium, NH4þ, total organiccarbon (TOC), and organic Al, as well as a pronounced increase in the bulk density were observed in thedifferent-aged ginseng soils from one spring to the next. The decrease in pH in the ginseng soils waspositively correlated with the NHþ4 (r¼0.463, p<0.01), exchangeable calcium (r¼0.325, p<0.01) and TOC(r ¼ 0.292, p < 0.05) concentrations. The NO3 showed remarkable surface accumulation (0e5 cm) in thesummer and even more in the autumn but declined considerably the next spring. The exchangeable Alfluctuated from 0.10 mg g1 to 0.50 mg g1 for dry soils, which was positively correlated with the NO3(r ¼ 0.401, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the TOC (r¼0.329, p < 0.05). The Al saturation variedfrom 10% to 41% and was higher in the summer and autumn, especially in the 0e5 cmand 5e10 cm layers. Conclusion: Taken together, our study revealed a seasonal shift in soil characteristics in ginseng bedswith plastic shade.