Changes in force associated with the amount of aligner activation and lingual bodily movement of the maxillary central incisor

Xiaowei Li,Chaochao Ren,Zheyao Wang,Pai Zhao,Hongmei Wang,Yuxing Bai 대한치과교정학회 2016 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Objective: The purposes of this study were to measure the orthodontic forces generated by thermoplastic aligners and investigate the possible influences of different activations for lingual bodily movements on orthodontic forces, and their attenuation. Methods: Thermoplastic material of 1.0-mm in thickness was used to manufacture aligners for 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 mm activations for lingual bodily movements of the maxillary central incisor. The orthodontic force in the lingual direction delivered by the thermoplastic aligners was measured using a micro-stress sensor system for the invisible orthodontic technique, and was monitored for 2 weeks. Results: Orthodontic force increased with the amount of activation of the aligner in the initial measurements. The attenuation speed in the 0.6 mm group was faster than that of the other groups (p < 0.05). All aligners demonstrated rapid relaxation in the first 8 hours, which then decreased slowly and plateaued on day 4 or 5. Conclusions: The amount of activation had a substantial influence on the orthodontic force imparted by the aligners. The results suggest that the activation of lingual bodily movement of the maxillary central incisor should not exceed 0.5 mm. The initial 4 or 5 days is important with respect to orthodontic treatment incorporating an aligner.

Prediction of the Axial Bearing Compressive Capacities of CFST Columns Based on Machine Learning Methods

Lusong Yu,Yuxing Zhang,Li Wang,Qiren Pan,Yiyang Wen 한국강구조학회 2024 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.24 No.1

Concrete-fi lled steel tubes (CFSTs) are widely used in engineering structures due to their excellent mechanical properties and economic benefi ts. This study focused on the construction of artifi cial neural network (ANN) models with high prediction capabilities and prediction accuracies that could predict the axial compression load capacities of short CFST columns using machine learning methods. A database was created by searching literature published over the past 40 years regarding circular-CFST bearing-capacity testing. Three ANN models with diff erent input parameters were developed, and used the Whale Optimization Algorithm to optimize the network weights and thresholds, the core idea of which comes from the humpback whale's special bubble net attack method. Then, the predictions of the proposed machine learning models were also compared with the theoretical values produced by the formulas proposed in existing codes. The results show that the ANN models had higher accuracies and a wider application range than the existing code models. Based on the Garson's algorithm, we perform parameter sensitivity analysis on the network model to enhance the interpretability of the neural network model. Finally, a graphical user tool is built to make the strength of CFST can be predicted quickly.

Double-layer Fabry–Pérot filter interferometric modulator display

Chao Ping Chen,Yuan Xiong,Yuxing Yang,Xiao Li,Hongjing Li,Gufeng He,Jiangang Lu,Yikai Su 한국정보디스플레이학회 2013 Journal of information display Vol.14 No.4

Presented is an interferometric modulator display characterized by double layers of liquid crystal (LC) Fabry–Pérot filters. With this design, no polarizers and color filters are needed, and both the color and amplitude can be tuned by electrically controlling the LC’s birefringence. Instead of the conventional RGB trisubpixel color scheme, a bisubpixel structure is proposed to render a super-wide color gamut. Through simulations, the device performance was numerically studied. The device was proven to be quite suitable for green-display application.

Transcriptome characterization and expression analysis related to sex‐determining genes in Chilo sacchariphagus (Lepidoptera Crambidae), a key pest of sugarcane

Liu Jianbai,Wu Han,Yi Jiequn,Li Jihu,Cheng Yinjie,Cheng Yinjie,Sun Donglei,An Yuxing 한국곤충학회 2022 Entomological Research Vol.52 No.2

Chilo sacchariphagus is one of the most harmful pests of sugarcane, sorghum, corn, and other crops, in China and other countries and regions. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the sexually dimorphic development of C. sacchariphagus, transcriptome data of female and male adults were obtained. A total of 127,812,174 and 126,593,664 clean reads of males and females were arranged into 45,693 and 37,034 unigenes for males and females, respectively, 26,949 of which were annotated. Candidate genes involved in sexual development were identified and analysed. Statistical analysis revealed that 18,642 genes were differentially expressed in females and males, 9,307 of which were up-regulated in males and 9,335 of which were up-regulated in females. As indicated by GO classification, DEGs were mainly involved in cell part, cellular process and binding. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 6,037 DEGs were assigned to 295 metabolic pathways. Based on annotation and transcriptome data, we identified twenty-two sex determining genes, of which Csactra2, Csacemc, Csacfru, Csacix, Csacovo, CsacdsxM,andCsacsxl showed a higher expression in males than that in females, while CsacgroX4, Csacfem, CsacgroX9, Csacmsl1, Csacmsl2, Csacmsl3, Csacotu, Csacvir, Csacrunt,andCsacdsxF were more highly expressed in female. In addition, Csactra2 and CsacgroX9 were enriched in Spliceosome, Notch signaling, and Wnt signaling pathways, respectively. And the pathways are crucial in regulating insect growth, differentiation and development. This transcriptome study provides rich and significant information regarding the genes involved in sex differentiation and determination, which would improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to sex determination and be helpful for providing the basis for a wide spectrum of strategies to benefit pest control and prevention, and agriculture and public health

A BIO-INSPIRED POLYDOPAMINE APPROACH TO PREPARATION OF GOLD-COATED Fe3O4 CORE-SHELL NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND MECHANISM

PENG AN,FANG ZUO,XINHUA LI,YUANPENG WU,JUNHUA ZHANG,ZHAOHUI ZHENG,XIAOBIN DING,YUXING PENG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2013 NANO Vol.8 No.6

A biomimetic and facile approach for integrating Fe3O4 and Au with polydopamine (PDA) was proposed to construct gold-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au–PDA) with a core–shell structure by coupling in situ reduction with a seed-mediated method in aqueous solution at room temperature. The morphology, structure and composition of the core–shell structured Fe3O4@Au–PDA nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). The formation process of Au shell was assessed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. More importantly, according to investigating changes in PDA molecules by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and in preparation process of the zeta-potential data of nanoparticles, the mechanism of core–shell structure formation was proposed. Firstly, PDA-coated Fe3O4 are obtained using dopamine (DA) self-polymerization to form thin and surface-adherent PDA films onto the surface of a Fe3O4 "core". Then, Au seeds are attached on the surface of PDA-coated Fe3O4 via electrostatic interaction in order to serve as nucleation centers catalyzing the reduction of Au3+ to Au0 by the catechol groups in PDA. Accompanied by the deposition of Au, PDA films transfer from the surface of Fe3O4 to that of Au as stabilizing agent. In order to confirm the reasonableness of this mechanism, two verification experiments were conducted. The presence of PDA on the surface of Fe3O4@Au–PDA nanoparticles was confirmed by the finding that glycine or ethylenediamine could be grafted onto Fe3O4@Au–PDA nanoparticles through Schiff base reaction. In addition, Fe3O4@Au–DA nanoparticles, in which DA was substituted for PDA, were prepared using the same method as that for Fe3O4@Au–PDA nanoparticles and characterized by UV-Vis, TEM and FTIR. The results validated that DA possesses multiple functions of attaching Au seeds as well as acting as both reductant and stabilizing agent, the same functions as those of PDA.

Double-layer Fabry-P$\acute{e}$rot filter interferometric modulator display

Chen, Chao Ping,Xiong, Yuan,Yang, Yuxing,Li, Xiao,Li, Hongjing,He, Gufeng,Lu, Jiangang,Su, Yikai 한국정보디스플레이학회 2013 Journal of information display Vol.14 No.4

Presented is an interferometric modulator display characterized by double layers of liquid crystal (LC) Fabry-P$\acute{e}$rot filters. With this design, no polarizers and color filters are needed, and both the color and amplitude can be tuned by electrically controlling the LC's birefringence. Instead of the conventional RGB trisubpixel color scheme, a bisubpixel structure is proposed to render a super-wide color gamut. Through simulations, the device performance was numerically studied. The device was proven to be quite suitable for green-display application.

Numerical simulation of hydrate slurry flow behaviors with micron-sized sand in the transport pipe based on the population balance model

Cheng Yu,Chuanjun Han,Lin Wang,Jiaqiang Jing,Yuxing Li,Wuchang Wang,Mingjun Du,Xincan Song 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.10

Both micron-sized sand particles flowing into the pipe and the secondary formation of natural gas hydrate will pose a great threat to the flow assurance of the pipeline for hydrate exploitation. Therefore, based on the population balance model considering the aggregation and breakage of hydrate and micron-sized sand particles, the flow characteristics coupling hydrate and micron-sized sand are studied, and the effects of flow velocity are discussed. The results show that the slurry viscosity increases significantly at the lower part of the horizontal pipe where the solid particles tend to aggregate. After the slurry enters the elbow pipe, the viscosity, hydrate concentration, and particle size gradually decrease, while the sand concentration first increases and then decreases. Solid particles with relatively high concentration and large particle size appear on the outside of the first half of the elbow. In the vertical pipe, the hydrate concentration and particle size gradually increase again, and the hydrate with high concentration and large particle size appears on the inside. Besides, the coupling aggregation of hydrate and sand particles is concentrated near the wall of the bottom of the horizontal pipe, near the wall of the outside of the elbow pipe and the inside of the second half of the elbow, and near the wall of the vertical pipe. The high flow velocity has a great ability to carry the hydrate with high concentration and large size.

Transcriptome characterization and profiling related to detoxification enzyme genes in Chilo sacchariphagus (Lepidoptera Crambidae)

Liu Jianbai,Yi Jiequn,Wu Han,Lu Yinglin,Mao Yongkai,Lin Mingjiang,Li Jihu,An Yuxing 한국곤충학회 2022 Entomological Research Vol.52 No.9

Chilo sacchariphagus Bojeris is one of the most dangerous pests of sugarcane. The larvae damage the seedlings and stems of sugarcane and also harm sorghum, corn and other crops, which causes great economic losses to the sugar industry every year. Transcriptome sequencing and expression profile analysis of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP), carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were carried out, which could provide a basis for drug resistance monitoring and drug resistance management of the pest. Unigenes of C. sacchariphagus were obtained by using the Illumina HiSeqTM 4,000 platform as 150 bp paired-end reads. A total of 173,013 unigenes were obtained after data assembly and redundancy removal. 28,330 unigenes were annotated based on multiple public databases, and the number of unigenes annotated by NR database was the largest. According to the transcriptome analysis, 214 candidate detoxification enzyme genes were identified, including 44 GSTs,138CYPs, and 32 CarEs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CYPs were mainly clustered in CYP4, CYP6, CYP9 and CYP12 subfamilies; CarEs mainly include antennal CarEs, venom CarEs and CarEs NOTUM; while the GSTs cluster mainly contains subfamilies such as delta, omega, epsilon, theta, zeta and sigma. In this study, transcriptome information of C. sacchariphagus was obtained, and genes related to detoxification were identified, which could provide data and a basis for the further study of detoxification and host plant adaptation mechanism of C. sacchariphagus.

Aggregation behavior analysis of hydrate particles in the bend pipe based on the population balance model

Cheng Yu,Lin Wang,Chuanjun Han,Jiaqiang Jing,Yuxing Li,Wuchang Wang,Mingjun Du,Xincan Song,Longyao Zhang 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.7

The hydrate particle aggregation is crucial for the flow safety of oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, coupled with the Eulerian-Eulerian model, k-ε turbulence model and the population balance model considering the hydrate aggregation and breakage, the hydrate aggregation process is studied in the bend, and the change of the average particle size under different hydrate volume fractions is discussed. The results show that the hydrate aggregation process includes two stages in the bend, namely the rapid growth and the dynamic equilibrium. In the rapid growth stage, both the hydrate concentration and particle size in the elbow increase rapidly, and the high concentration and large particle size regions on the inside of the elbow also increase significantly. Furthermore, two types of aggregates are formed on the inside of the elbow. One is a small amount of large-particle aggregates, while the other is the relatively high concentration of medium-size aggregates. Besides, the uniform suspension with a smaller concentration and particle size is distributed on the outside of the elbow, but there are also large-size particles that aggregate and adhere near the wall of pipe. As the hydrate volume fraction increases, the hydrate average particle size increases. High concentration hydrate reaches dynamic equilibrium faster during the flow process.