Negotiation Model of Design Optimization Profit Distribution with Fairness Concerns in Construction Projects

An Xiaowei,Li Huimin,Omoleye Ojuri,Wang Zhuofu,Ding Jiyong 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.7

Design optimization is an effective strategy to reduce construction project costs. This study focuses on the benefit of designoptimization, which should be allocated to the designer. Furthermore, the distribution ratio can be determined through negotiation. Inline with this view, this paper initially analyzed the benefits of engineering design optimization and the basic mechanism of itsdistribution. Second, we established the negotiation model of design optimization profit distribution by considering the fairnessconcern behavior of subjects. Finally, we set up the following three experimental scenarios: the designer solely has fairness concernbehavior, the owner exclusively has fairness concern behavior, and both negotiators have fairness concern behavior. From theengineering projects perspectives, we further analyzed the effects of the fairness concerns of both negotiators in terms of engineeringdesign optimization and negotiation performance using negotiation simulation experiments. Our experimental scenarios results showthat the appropriate behavior of fairness concerns by the two negotiators is valuable in improving their own advantages. However,excessive attention to the behaviors of fairness concerns by the two negotiators may lead to an increase in the negotiation cycle,which is not beneficial in attaining optimization. This study aims to provide references for the construction project management.

Microstructure and property evolution of diamond-like carbon films co-doped by Al and Ti with different ratios

Zhou, Yong,Guo, Peng,Sun, Lili,Liu, Linlin,Xu, Xiaowei,Li, Wenxian,Li, Xiaowei,Lee, Kwang-Ryeol,Wang, Aiying Elsevier Sequoia 2019 Surface & coatings technology Vol.361 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films with weak carbide metal Al and carbide metal Ti co-doping (Al/Ti-DLC) were prepared by a hybrid ion beam deposition system. The atomic ratios of doped Al to Ti were tailored via designing the special Al/Ti combined sputtering target. The composition, microstructure, roughness, residual stress, hardness, toughness, and tribological behaviors of the deposited films were systematically evaluated to explore the dependence of structural properties on Al/Ti ratios. Results indicated that the high-throughput preparation of DLC films with different Al/Ti atomic ratios was achieved by tailoring the sputtering target and process parameters without the difference in both the film thickness and total Al/Ti content. With the Al/Ti ratios in the films decreased from 8.8 to 3.0, the residual stress, hardness, and toughness of Al/Ti-DLC films increased obviously, originating from the increased fraction of titanium carbide and the reduced Al content. However, the coefficient of friction and wear rate with decreasing the Al/Ti ratio were obviously improved, which was related with the transformation of underlying friction mechanism from the sliding interface graphitization to dangling bond-passivation. The present results not only suggest a high-throughput method to fabricate co-doped DLC films, but also promote the scientific understanding and engineering application of DLC films with high performance.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ti/Al co-doped diamond-like carbon films were fabricated by a hybrid ion beam method. </LI> <LI> Different Al/Ti ratios were successfully achieved at one time using designed target. </LI> <LI> Al/Ti ratios had no effect on the chemical state of co-doped Ti and Al atoms. </LI> <LI> The mechanical and tribological properties were strongly dependent on Ti/Al ratios. </LI> <LI> Different friction mechanisms were observed with Al/Ti ratios ranged from 8.8 to 3.0. </LI> </UL> </P>

Product Introduction of Zonecharge Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles

Xiaowei Li 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

A New Roaming Authentication Framework For Wireless Communication

( Xiaowei Li ),( Yuqing Zhang ),( Xuefeng Liu ),( Jin Cao ),( Qianqian Zhao ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.8

Roaming authentication protocol is widely used in wireless network which can enable a seamless service for the mobile users. However, the classical approach requires the home server`s participation during the authentication between the mobile user and the foreign server. So the more the roaming requests are performed the heavier burden will be on the home server. In this paper, we propose a new roaming authentication framework for wireless communication without the home server`s participation. The new roaming authentication protocol in the new framework takes advantage of the ID-based cryptography and provides user anonymity. It has good performance compared with the roaming authentication protocols whose authentication do not need the home server`s participation in terms of security and computation costs. Moreover, a new User-to-User authentication protocol in the new framework is also present. All the authentications proposed in this paper can be regarded as a common construction and can be applied to various kinds of wireless networks such as Cellular Networks, Wireless Mesh Networks and Vehicle Networks.

One-round Secure Key Exchange Protocol With Strong Forward Secrecy

( Xiaowei Li ),( Dengqi Yang ),( Benhui Chen ),( Yuqing Zhang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.11

Security models for key exchange protocols have been researched for years, however, lots of them only focus on what secret can be compromised but they do not differentiate the timing of secrets compromise, such as the extended Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) model. In this paper, we propose a new security model for key exchange protocols which can not only consider what keys can be compromised as well as when they are compromised. The proposed security model is important to the security proof of the key exchange protocols with forward secrecy (either weak forward secrecy (wFS) or strong forward secrecy (sFS)). In addition, a new kind of key compromise impersonation (KCI) attacks which is called strong key compromise impersonation (sKCI) attack is proposed. Finally, we provide a new one-round key exchange protocol called mOT+ based on mOT protocol. The security of the mOT+ is given in the new model. It can provide the properties of sKCI-resilience and sFS and it is secure even if the ephemeral key reveal query is considered.

Changes in force associated with the amount of aligner activation and lingual bodily movement of the maxillary central incisor

Xiaowei Li,Chaochao Ren,Zheyao Wang,Pai Zhao,Hongmei Wang,Yuxing Bai 대한치과교정학회 2016 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Objective: The purposes of this study were to measure the orthodontic forces generated by thermoplastic aligners and investigate the possible influences of different activations for lingual bodily movements on orthodontic forces, and their attenuation. Methods: Thermoplastic material of 1.0-mm in thickness was used to manufacture aligners for 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 mm activations for lingual bodily movements of the maxillary central incisor. The orthodontic force in the lingual direction delivered by the thermoplastic aligners was measured using a micro-stress sensor system for the invisible orthodontic technique, and was monitored for 2 weeks. Results: Orthodontic force increased with the amount of activation of the aligner in the initial measurements. The attenuation speed in the 0.6 mm group was faster than that of the other groups (p < 0.05). All aligners demonstrated rapid relaxation in the first 8 hours, which then decreased slowly and plateaued on day 4 or 5. Conclusions: The amount of activation had a substantial influence on the orthodontic force imparted by the aligners. The results suggest that the activation of lingual bodily movement of the maxillary central incisor should not exceed 0.5 mm. The initial 4 or 5 days is important with respect to orthodontic treatment incorporating an aligner.

A Lightweight Three-Party Privacy-preserving Authentication Key Exchange Protocol Using Smart Card

( Xiaowei Li ),( Yuqing Zhang ),( Xuefeng Liu ),( Jin Cao ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.5

How to make people keep both the confidentiality of the sensitive data and the privacy of their real identity in communication networks has been a hot topic in recent years. Researchers proposed privacy-preserving authenticated key exchange protocols (PPAKE) to answer this question. However, lots of PPAKE protocols need users to remember long secrets which are inconvenient for them. In this paper we propose a lightweight three-party privacy-preserving authentication key exchange (3PPAKE) protocol using smart card to address the problem. The advantages of the new 3PPAKE protocol are: 1. The only secrets that the users need to remember in the authentication are their short passwords; 2. Both of the users can negotiate a common key and keep their identity privacy, i.e., providing anonymity for both users in the communication; 3. It enjoys better performance in terms of computation cost and security. The security of the scheme is given in the random oracle model. To the best of our knowledge, the new protocol is the first provably secure authentication protocol which provides anonymity for both users in the three-party setting.

Heterogeneously Integrated Thin-film Lithium Niobate Electro-optic Modulator Based on Slot Structure

Xiaowei Li,Yin Xu,Dongmei Huang,Feng Li,Bo Zhang,Yue Dong,Yi Ni 한국광학회 2022 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.6 No.3

Electro-optic modulator (EOM) takes a vital role in connecting the electric and optical fields. Here, we present a heterogeneously integrated EOM based on the lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) platform. The key modulation waveguide structure is a field-enhanced slot waveguide formed by embedding silicon nanowires in a thin-film lithium niobate (LN), which is different from the previously reported LN ridge or etchless LN waveguides. Based on such slot structure, optical mode field area is reduced and enhanced electric field in the slot region can interact well with LN material with high Electro-optic (EO) coefficient. Therefore, the improvements in both aspects have positive effects on enhancing the modulation performance. From results, the corresponding EOM by adding such modulation waveguide structure achieves better performance, where the key half-wave-voltage-length product (V π L) and 3 dBEO bandwidth are 1.78 V · cm and 40 GHz under the electrode gap width of only 6 μm, respectively. Moreover, Lower V π L can also be achieved. With these characteristics, such field-enhanced waveguide structure could further promote the development of LNOI-based EOM.

Fast Synthesis of Graphene with a Desired Structure via Ni-Catalyzed Transformation of Amorphous Carbon during Rapid Thermal Processing: Insights from Molecular Dynamics and Experimental Study

Li, Xiaowei,Wang, Zhenyu,Li, Hanchao,Wang, Aiying,Lee, Kwang-Ryeol American Chemical Society 2019 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.123 No.45

<P>Fast transfer-free synthesis of graphene on a given dielectric substrate is achieved by Ni-catalyzed solid-state transformation of amorphous carbon (a-C) through rapid thermal processing (RTP). Nevertheless, the dependence of this transformation behavior on Ni/a-C thickness and the underlying mechanism at the atomic scale are not well comprehended, leading to the lack of efficient synthesis and modulation of the graphene structure experimentally. Here, using reactive molecular dynamics simulation, we select Ni as a catalyst and present a systematic investigation of the diffusion of C into Ni and the corresponding structural transformation of a-C into graphene under different conditions. The results emphasize the decisive role of the Ni/C atomic ratio in the quality and layer number of graphene instead of the Ni or a-C thickness. Combined with the results during the cooling process, they suggest that the a-C-to-graphene transformation mechanism is mainly dependent on the diffusion behavior of C and the catalytic effect of Ni, rather than the dissolution/precipitation. Most importantly, both the simulation and experiment propose a universal equation to elucidate the relationship between the number of C and Ni atoms and the RTP graphene structure. This finding not only enables the fast synthesis and modulation of a-C-transformed graphene with the desired structure and layers on various substrates without the transfer process but also gets rid of the limitation of carbon sources and Ni structures and simplifies the RTP process parameters significantly, which can be utilized widely in experiment to promote the commercial application of graphene.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Transformation of amorphous carbon to graphene on low-index Ni surfaces during rapid thermal processing: a reactive molecular dynamics study

Li, Xiaowei,Wang, Aiying,Lee, Kwang-Ryeol Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.21 No.5

<P>The transformation of amorphous carbon to graphene on different Ni surfaces during rapid thermal processing was explored using reactive molecular dynamics simulation. Due to the difference in activation energy, Ni surfaces affected the diffusion behavior of C into Ni and thus modulated the remnant number of C atoms, dominating the formation and quality of graphene, which accorded with the developed empirical equation.</P>