A Newly Isolated Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis Capable of Secreting Amyloytic Enzymes with Raw-Starch-Digesting Activity

( Yu Na Li ),( Gui Yang Shi ),( Wu Wang ),( Zheng Xiang Wang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.2

Ginkgolic Acid Suppresses Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Growth by Inducing Apoptosis and Inhibiting AKT/NF-κB Signaling

Yu Xiao,Fen Li,Anyuan Zheng,Qibing Chen,Fuhai Chen,Xiang Cheng,Zezhang Tao 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.8

Even though nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is not common worldwide, it is a major public health burden in endemic areas. Distant metastasis often leads to a poor prognosis for NPC; therefore, new and effective anticancer strategies are needed. Ginkgolic acid (GA) is small-molecule compound existing in Ginkgo biloba that has various biologically relevant activities, including antitumor properties; however, its effects and mechanism of action in NPC are unknown. The effects of GA on NPC and such underlying mechanisms were investigated using 5–8F and CNE2 cells and NP69 human immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in this study. Moreover, the xenograft models were built to examine GA's effection in vivo. GA treatment decreased the survival and invasive capacity of 5–8F and CNE2 and induced their apoptosis, which varied with dose; this was accompanied by downregulation of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)2, upregulation of Bcl2-associated X protein, and activation of poly-ADP ribose polymerase, and caspase-9/-3. G0/G1 phase arrest was induced by GA in NPCs. It also reduced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 and its regulators cyclin D2 and cyclin D3. GA inhibited the activation of protein kinase B/nuclear factor signaling; this effect was potentiated with GA and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which also enhanced 5-FU-induced apoptosis. In summary, GA may be effective as an adjuvant to conventional chemotherapy drugs in preventing the progression of NPC.

Probiotic supplements alleviate gestational diabetes mellitus by restoring the diversity of gut microbiota: a study based on 16S rRNA sequencing

Zheng Qing-Xiang,Jiang Xiu-Min,Wang Hai-Wei,Ge Li,Lai Yu-Ting,Jiang Xin-Yong,Chen Fan,Huang Ping-Ping 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.9

Probiotics effectively prevent and improve metabolic diseases such as diabetes by regulating the intestinal microenvironment and gut microbiota. However, the effects of probiotics in gestational diabetes mellitus are not clear. Here, we showed that probiotic supplements significantly improved fasting blood glucose in a gestational diabetes mellitus rat model. To further understand the mechanisms of probiotics in gestational diabetes mellitus, the gut microbiota were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that compared with the normal pregnant group, the gestational diabetes mellitus rats had decreased diversity of gut microbiota. Moreover, probiotic supplementation restored the diversity of the gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus rats, and the gut microbiota structure tended to be similar to that of normal pregnant rats. In particular, compared with gestational diabetes mellitus rats, the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria was higher after probiotic supplementation. Furthermore, activating carbohydrate metabolism and membrane transport pathways may be involved in the potential mechanisms by which probiotic supplements alleviate gestational diabetes mellitus. Overall, our results suggested that probiotic supplementation might be a novel approach to restore the gut microbiota of gestational diabetes mellitus rats and provided an experimental evidence for the use of probiotic supplements to treat gestational diabetes melitus.

In Vitro Activity of the Novel Tetracyclines, Tigecycline, Eravacycline, and Omadacycline, Against Moraxella catarrhalis

Sun Xiang,Zhang Bo,Xu Guangjian,Chen Junwen,Shang Yongpeng,Lin Zhiwei,Yu Zhijian,Zheng Jinxin,Bai Bing 대한진단검사의학회 2021 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.41 No.3

Background: Tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline are recently developed tetracyclines. Susceptibility of microbes to these tetracyclines and their molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated. We investigated the susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis to tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline and its resistance mechanisms against these tetracyclines. Methods: A total of 207 non-duplicate M. catarrhalis isolates were collected from different inpatients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the tetracyclines were determined by broth microdilution. Tigecycline-, eravacycline-, or omadacycline-resistant isolates were induced under in vitro pressure. The tet genes and mutations in the 16S rRNA was detected by PCR and sequencing. Results: Eravacycline had a lower MIC50 (0.06 mg/L) than tigecycline (0.125 mg/L) or omadacycline (0.125 mg/L) against M. catarrhalis isolates. We found that 136 isolates (65.7%) had the tetB gene, and 15 (7.2%) isolates were positive for tetL; however, their presence was not correlated with high tigecycline, eravacycline, or omadacycline (≥1 mg/L) MICs. Compared with the initial MIC after 160 days of induction, the MICs of tigecycline or eravacycline against three M. catarrhalis isolates increased ≥eight-fold, while those of omadacycline against two M. catarrhalis isolates increased 64-fold. Mutations in the 16S rRNA genes (C1036T and/or G460A) were observed in omadacycline-induced resistant isolates, and increased RR (the genes encoding 16SrRNA (four copies, RR1-RR4) copy number of 16S rRNA genes with mutations was associated with increased resistance to omadacycline. Conclusions: Tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline exhibited robust antimicrobial effects against M. catarrhalis. Mutations in the 16S rRNA genes contributed to omadacycline resistance in M. catarrhalis.

A Study between the Internal Control and Tax Risk -Based on the Listed Real Estate Enterprises in China-

Li Xiang-Yu(이상우),Kim Pyoung-Ki(김평기),Wu Guan-Zheng(오관정) 한국국제회계학회 2019 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.88

2009년 5월에 중국 세무총국은 기업에서 세무리스크 관리 시스템을 구축할 수 있도록 돕기 위해〈대기업의 세무리스크 관리지침〉(2009)을 발표하였다. 이번에 처음 세무리스크에 대해 공식적으로 별도 제시되어 학술계에서 큰 반향을 유발하였다. 세무리스크는 기업이 직면한 재무리스크중에 하나이며 그 효과를 무시할 수 없다. 부적절한 취급 또는 경미한 태만은 경제적 손실, 평판의 손상 및 심지어 파산위기를 초래 할 수 있다. 대부분 기업에서 부적절한 내부통제 시스템으로 인한 세금리스크 관리능력이 제한되기 때문에 중국에서 세금리스크 관리가 이미 시작되었다. 이는 경영 실적에 영향을 미치고 이익을 보장하는 중요한 요소이며 세무리스크를 통제하고 감소하는 것은 기업의 생존과 발전에 중요한 결정 요소이다. 본 연구는 내부통제 이론을 기반으로 경영 품질, 보고품질 및 규정준수 품질의 관점에서 연구를 진행하고자 한다. 2013년부터 2017년까지 중국 A주 부동산업 90개 상장기업을 연구대상으로 삼고 세무리스크에 관한 가설을 제시하였다. 연속 5년간의 450개 표본 데이터를 가져와 회귀 분석을 하였다. 분석결과에 따라 경영 품질은 10% 수준에서 유의한 양(+)상관관계가 나타났다. 보고 품질은 5% 수준에서 유의한 음(-) 상관관계가 나타났다. 규정준수 품질은 10% 수준에서 유의한 음(-) 상관관계가 나타났다. 마지막으로, 기업의 세무리스크와 내부통제를 실현의 각도에 대한 상관관계를 분석하고 세무리스크를 통제하고 감소하기 위해 합리적인 제안을 제시하였다. 이 연구결과는 기업이 전략 계획을 수립하고 리스크를 예방할 수 있는 참고를 제공하였다. In May 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the “Guidelines for the Management of tax risk of Large Enterprises”(2009) to help enterprises establish a tax risk management system. This is the first time that tax risk have been formally presented in a separate form, causing a stir in the academic and practical circles. Tax risk is one of the financial risks faced by enterprises. The consequences can not be underestimated. Improper handling or slight neglect may bring economic losses, reputation damage and even bankruptcy crisis. At present, the tax risk management of Chinese enterprises has just started. Many enterprises have inadequate internal control systems and limited ability to manage tax risk. Tax risk have become an important factor affecting business results and safeguarding corporate interests. The control and reduction of risks is crucial to the survival and development of enterprises. This paper cuts through the internal control of the enterprise, and selects 90 enterprises during 2013-2017 for the total of 450 samples in the A-share real estate industry listed in China"s securities market as the research object. Combined with the theory of internal control and from the perspectives of operation, reporting and compliance with taxation the hypothesis is proposed and regression models are constructed. The empirical study is related to the correlation between the degree of implementation of internal control and corporate tax risk, and finds that The quality of the operation is positively correlated with the tax risk of the enterprise in the level of 10%. The quality of the report is negatively correlated with the tax risk of the enterprise in the level of 5%. The quality of compliance is negatively correlated with the tax risk of the enterprise in the level of 10%. Finally, the paper puts forward reasonable suggestions for the reduction and prevention of tax risk. The study results provide references for enterprises to make strategic plans and prevent risks.

Ellipsometric Study of the Optical Properties of Silicon-Based Si:SiO2 Composite Thin Films under Different Annealing Temperatures

Bin Sun,Yu-Xiang Zheng,Cong-Hui Xu,Liang-Yao Chen,Peng Zhou,Yue-Rui Chen,Yu-Fei Kong 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.5I

In our work, silicon and silica composite .lms were prepared by using a magnetron sputtering method, and the samples were annealed in the temperature range between 200 ±C and 600 ±C. After annealing, the samples were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and the SE spectra were measured in the range of 1.5 eV ≫ 4.5 eV with a dual-rotating-element ellipsometer. In order to investigate the microstructure information of the .lm by .tting the SE spectra using the eective- medium approximation (EMA), we modeled the whole .lm by using a multilayer optical model including a surface oxide layer, a composite layer, and substrate layer. We used dierent mixtures to describe the composite layer, and .nally we found that a mixture of amorphous silicon (a-Si), polycrystalline silicon (p-Si), and silicon dioxide had the best .t to the SE spectra. Whereafter, we studied the dependences of the surface roughness, the layer structure, and the composition on the dierent annealing temperatures and found that with increasing annealing temperature, the surface oxide layer grew in thickness, the silicon dioxide maintained its volume fraction, and a-Si transferred to p-Si.

Genotypic analysis of degenerative Cordyceps militaris cultured in the pupa of Bombyx mori

Juan Yin,Xiang-Dong XIN,Yu-JieWENG,Shao-Hui Li,Jun-Qiang JIA,Zhong Zheng Gui 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.3

The chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Cordyceps militaris are similar to those of Cordyceps sinensis, with the former undergoing greater development and utilization. Strain degeneration is a common phenomenon that occurs with high frequency during the subculturing of C. militaris, however, and the mechanism underlying strain degeneration remains unclear. In this study, we used touch‐down PCR to compare the ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2, 18S, 28S and mating‐type (MAT) regions sequence of wild‐type and degenerated strains of C. militaris. We also used quantitative real‐time PCR to analyze expression levels of the CmMAT gene. Sequence analysis showed that the ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2 and 28S regions of degenerated and wild‐type strains were completely identical, the 18S region of the degenerated strain contained seven single‐base mutations, including six base substitutions and one single‐base insertion. Compared with the wild‐type strain, the degenerated strain contained a deletion of the MAT1–2‐1 region, three base substitutions in the MAT1–1‐1 region, and a base substitution in the MAT1–1‐2 region that causes a glycine‐to‐valine amino acid substitution. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis detected no CmMAT1–2‐1 gene expression in the degenerated strain, confirming the deletion of the CmMAT1–2‐1 gene. Expression levels of the CmMAT1–1‐1 and CmMAT1–1‐2 genes were significantly down‐regulated to only 7.5 % and 4.4 %, respectively, that of the wild‐type strain. These results indicate that 18S and MAT region mutations, as well as down‐regulated of CmMAT gene expression levels, may play important roles in C. militaris degeneration. This study provides a theoretical basis for further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of C. militaris degeneration.

A Method for Building Naxi Language Dependency Treebank Based on Chinese-Naxi Language Relationship Alignment

Gao Sheng-Xiang,An Ming-Jia,Mao Cun-Li,Xian Yan-Tuan,Yu Zheng-Tao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.2

Relative to Chinese, as to Naxi Language, its corpus is very rare, its annotation is also difficult, and these factors make its Syntactic Analysis much too difficult. Aiming to the problem, in the paper, it is proposed a method for building Naxi Language Dependency Treebank based on Chinese-Naxi Language relationship alignment. Firstly, the corresponding words of Chinese-Naxi sentence pairs are aligned; then, the dependency grammar on Chinese sentences; Finally, some characteristics and rules of Naxi Language in itself being considered, the generated Chinese Dependency Tree is mapped to Naxi Sentence by using Chinese-Naxi Languages relationship alignment, as a result, Naxi Dependency Parsing Tree is generated. Experimental results show that: This approach can simplify the process of manual collection and annotation of Naxi Treebank, and save manpower and time to build the dependency treebank of Naxi Language.

Detection of Powdery Mildew of Bitter Gourd Based on NIR/Fluorescence Spectra

Gao Jia Yu,Wei Dong Zheng,Wang Xiang,Tang Jin Cheng,Xu Ji Tong,Zhao Ping,Ning Xiao Feng 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.3

Purpose Powdery mildew as one of the common vegetable diseases has very rapid infection. Its outbreak will bring about disastrous consequences to vegetable output; thus, it is of key importance to do rapid identifi cation and prevention of powdery mildew. Methods In this test, 100 bitter gourd leaves were collected as research samples, and the data of near-infrared spectra, fl uorescence spectra, and chromatic values L*a*b* , and the classic K-S algorithm was adopted to divide the sample sets; then, the quantitative forecasting and qualitative discrimination models were established. First, Pearson’s correlation analysis was carried out to fi nd the feasibility of taking a * as the modeling parameter, through cross-validation; the quantitative forecasting model was optimized by the PLSR (partial least squares regression) method. The model is also optimized by extracting the spectral feature bands using the continuous projection SPA method. Results The optimization results showed that the MSC + SPA + PLSR quantitative forecasting model of near-infrared spectra could eff ectively improve model precision, which was signifi cantly higher than that of fl uorescence spectra. Classifi cation Leaner was used to establish the quantitative forecasting model. Compared with the model of near-infrared spectra, the SPA + SVM qualitative discrimination model of fl uorescence spectra could improve the identifi cation precision of powdery mildew of bitter gourd as high as 98% through training. Conclusion This study proposed diff erent combination methods based on quantitative forecasting and qualitative discrimination and could provide a method and reference to the identifi cation of powdery mildew of bitter gourd.

The Effect of Light-Beam Wobble on the Noise Characteristics for an Optical Disk

Cong-Hui Xu,Yu-Xiang Zheng,Liang-Yao Chen,Rong-Jun Zhang 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.5I

The laser beam is usually perpendicular to the optical disk during operation; however, for various reasons, the laser beam may diverge from the normal state with respect to the optical disk, which will cause an unsteadiness in the reflection of the light, and may lead to system noise. In this paper, we simulate the process of such an influence by adding a random variable to the incidence angle of the laser beam by combining an optical-matrix method with the Monte Carlo method. After careful analysis, we put forward some new structures to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a certain wavelength of the laser.