韓國 看護大學 敎育課程에 對한 硏究

文姬子,金潤喜,趙潔子,趙美映,姜賢淑 慶熙大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The changes of social issues and nursing concepts require the expansion of nursing needs and nursing role, therefore it is keenly demanded the necessity of the research for new curriculum development in nursing. So to make a contribution to the development of nursing education in Korea, we made a comparative study of nursing curriculum of each universities which have baccalaureate program and put them into operation at present; they are 10 Korean universities, 5 American universities and 4 Japanese Universities. Thus by researching the differences among them. We acquired the conclusions as followings. The purpose of Nursing education In case of Korean parts, the contents of those aims must be explained more clearly and more in detail than another results of research. There also has to be made the statements upon the scientific researching methodology in scholarly respect, or the self-development in individual respect, or the lasting endeavour for studies in professional respect. We must put an emphasis upon the statement and education of the direct nursing provider, or the primary health care manager at hospital and community, who is one of the important aims of modern nursing education. The substance of nursing curriculum. 1) Total credits for completion and the comparison of curriculums, classified by the field. The scope of total credits of each nation, according to Colleges ranges; Korea: 140-163, U.S.A.: 121-187, Japan: 13-158 Compared with those of U.S.A. and Japan, the average credits of Korea is higher. Classified by the field, the credits alloted to major courses are 73.3% and liberal courses, only 26%, which shows that it does not satisfy the current educational trend that emphasizes the liberal course. 2) The comparison of curriculums, classified by a school year. In case of Korea, the total credits are evenly assigned to all grades, but the freshman taken the concentration of liberal courses (81.2%). Among the major courses are preponderant the Nursing Supportive subjects in the sophomore and the nursing major ones in the junior and senior. 3) Curriculums classified by the subject. (1) As compared with those of Japan and U.S.A. Korean students are less free in chosing subjects their own way all over the curriculums. It is, therefore, required that the range of the optionals be widened for the open and flexible education. (2) We can find all of three nations (Korea, Japan, U.S.A.) neglect the sphere of the behavioral sciences among the fundamental nursing subjects. In the field of social sciences, among Korea, Japan, and U.S.A., top ranks Japan that tends of the interested in social well-being. In Korea only two universities have this subjects. (3) Nursing major subjects. Defficulties in comparing them lie in the gulfs of the title of subjects, and the structural differences of the formation of curriculums among nations. In case of Korea, although there are a few differences of the number of credit of subjects among colleges, she has uniform aspects for U.S.A., which says that there are no characteristics and self-control each colleges has in Korea. We can notice that the subjects each Korean university shares are also doubled with those of the national examination for nursing qualification. Japan differs from Korea in that subjects are more differentiated and students are provided with more chances to make a choice through the system of subjects and the texture of a curriculum are similar to those of Korea. In case of Korea, therefore, the unification of fundamental subjects (especially in the medical field) and clinical practices is required. (4) The course for teaching profession is taken as either the required or optional just in Korea (80%) and Japan (75%). The number of subjects and total credits of teaching courses is different according to the colleges of Korea and Japan. As for the contents of subjects Korea deals with theory and Japan, the practical thing with which students can adjust themselves to the spot of society. As a result of that, in case of Korea, demanded are the entire review and research upon the purpose of establishing a curriculum, its relation to the total credits and the choice of substance of subjects etc. 4) The patterns of organization in curriculum development. Most of the patterns of organization, classified by clinic subject pivot upon disease and subjests are not mutually unified in case of Korea and Japan. Though the patterns of organization of subjects if formally unified, that of curriculums is not substantially or wholy synthesized, while in case of U.S.A. the unification of the patterns of organization entire curriculum as well as the mutual unification of subjects is attained and each college runs a characteristic curriculum, since the application of nursing theory and the model of a curriculum are different according to college. The prevention of disease, the promoting health and the disease system is patterned, centering around the healthy and their families. Therefore, in case of Korea, it is urgent to unify the curriculum of nursing education for the efficiency of the future oriented nursing education, and it is also imminent to develop the new pattern of a nursing curriculum suited for our own social demand and situation. And we need the continuous studies and search for the method of application in order to development the new curriculum. The comparison of a curriculum with the purpose of nursing education. The substances of subjects are not consistently in accord with the aims of nursing education each college states in Korea, Japan and U.S.A. Especially in case of Korea, the most statements upon the purpose of education are in the social dimension, but the most subjects have the academic dimension. In Korea it is stringent to examine and study the choice of the contents of education in terms of learning, profession, individual and society.

출생 전 스트레스와 감금 스트레스가 흰쥐 편도복합체 별아교세포에 미치는 영향 : I. 별아교세포의 세포체에 미치는 영향

이지용,최병영,김동희,정원석,조병필,양영철 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.3

신경계통의 가소성은 신경세포의 변화에 의해 이루어질 뿐 아니라 신경아교세포의 변화에 의해서도 이루어진다. 신경아교세포 중 별아교세포는 신경세포의 기능을 조절하므로 정상적인 뇌의 기능을 유지하는데 매우 중요하다. 뇌에서 편도복합체는 위험 혹은 유해한 일련의 감각정보를 받아들이는 구역으로 받아들인 일련의 이와 같은 정보를 통합하고 변환시켜 공포라는 감정을 만들어낸다. 이런 과정은 편도복합체 신경세포에서 분비되는 신경전달물질의 균형변화에 의해 이루어지며, 신경전달물질의 조절에 별아교세포가 관여하므로 본 연구에서는 출생 전 스트레스와 성장 후에 받은 스트레스가 편도복합체 별아교세포의 세포체에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 조사하였다. 이를 위해 흰쥐를 스트레스를 받지 않은 대조군 (CON), 성장 후 스트레스를 받은 군(CONR), 출생 전 스트레스를 받은 군(PNS), 출생 전 스트레스와 성장 후 스트레스를 모두 받은 군 (PNSR)으로 구분하였다. 별아교세포는 GFAP 항체를 이용한 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하여 확인하였으며, methylene blue/azure II로 대조 염색하였다. Neurolucida 프로그램을 이용하여 계측한 별아교세포의 세포체는 일부 편도복합체 신경핵에서 출생 전 스트레스를 받은 PNS군이 대조군에 비하여 면적이 증가하였으며, 이런 경향은 출생전 스트레스를 받고 다시 성장 후 스트레스를 받은 PNSR군에서 더욱 증가하였다. 따라서 흰쥐의 편도복합체에 분포하는 별아교세포는 스트레스에 영향을 받아 비대해지는 경향을 보인 것으로 나타났으며, 출생 전 스트레스가 성장 후에도 영향을 미치는것으로 사료된다. The plasticity of nervous system is generated not only due to changes in neurons but also due to changes in neuroglial cells. Astrocyte is important for maintaining the normal brain function and controlling the neuronal functions. The amygdala receives an array of important sensory information of danger signals. This information is further transduced and integrated to produce the highly adaptive emotion, fear. In this study, morphometric changes in the cell bodies of astrocytes in the amygdala, induced by prenatal stress and restraint stress were examined. For this purpose, rats were classified into 4 groups; control group (CON), only restraint-stressed (starting on P90 for 3 days) group (CONR), prenatally-stressed group (PNS), and prenatally and restraint (on P90 for 3 days) stressed group (PNSR). Astrocytes were verified with anti-GFAP immunohistochemistry, counter stained with methylene blue/azure II and were examined using the Neurolucida. Results showed that astrocytes in the amygdala of PNS rats had significantly larger cell bodies than did CON rats and this was enhanced further by restraint stress. Thus this data showed that hypertrophy of the astrocytic cell bodies of amygdala complex is induced by prenatal and restraint stress.

PDLC의 상 변환 특성

김영식,이영재,조무희 단국대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

Phase separated liquid crystal in PDLC(polymer dispersed liquid crystal) has a characteristic behavior of alignment by the external electric field. There are three kinds of methods for fabrication of PDLCs, PIPS(polymerization induced phase separation), TIPS(thermally induced phase separation),and SIPS(solvent induced phase separation). We have made PDLC samples by using the TIPS method and studied the characteristics of phase separation, We have used 5CB(K15), 8CB(K24), and 10CB(K30) as liquid crystal, and PMMA and PVEM as polymer. Phase separation characteristics according to the rate of temperature cooling were observed by a polarization microscope, and quantitatively measured by light scattering method.

QTL Detection Associated with Eating Quality Based on Palatability Test in Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

( Young Chan Cho ),( Man Ki Baek ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Yong Jae Won ),( Jeong Heui Lee ),( Jeong Ju Kim ),( Hyun Su Park ),( Woo Jae Kim ),( Soon Wook Kwon ),( Yong Gu Cho ),( Bo Kyeong Kim ),( Jeom Ho 한국육종학회 2014 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.2 No.4

A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between Ilpumbyeo (a Japonica of high eating quality) and Moroberekan (a tropical Japonica type of low eating quality) was used for mapping QTLs associated with grain physicochemical properties and eating quality traits in rice. A total of 182 recombinant inbred lines were evaluated for two physicochemical traits, alkali digestive value and amylose content, and five traits associated with eating quality including glossiness of cooked rice determined by Toyo-taste meter, and glossiness, stickiness, hardness and overall evaluation for taste evaluation by panels. A total of 30 QTLs associated with seven traits in 10 loci on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, and 12 were identified. The most critical regions for eating quality were on chromosomes 3, 5 and 6 by Ilpumbyeo alleles, whereas Moroberekan contributed a total of 6 loci on chromosomes 1, 10 and 12. The QTL region on chromosome 5 contains the novel alleles for eating quality from Ilpumbyeo. MAS using DNA markers tightly linked with those QTLs will be useful for breeding Japonica cultivars with high eating quality.

Hepatitis G virus Infection in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

Young Joo Kwon,Heui Jung Pyo,Young Suk Park,Jin Ho Shin,Sang Kyoung Cho,Dae Ryong Cha,Won Yong Cho,Hyoung Kyu Kim,Kyung Sik Oh 대한신장학회 1998 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.1998 No.-

리얼타임 리눅스기반 개방형제어기 개발

조영준(Young June Cho),강희석(Heui Seok Kang),김영진(Young Jin Kim),강성복(Sung bok Kang),서연곤(Yeon Gon Seo) 제어로봇시스템학회 2003 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.9 No.10

국내 상급종합병원과 종합병원 간호사의 정맥주입간호실무지침의 확산정도

은영(Young Eun),구미옥(Mee Ok Gu),조용애(Young Ae Cho),정재심(Jae Shim Jeong),권정순(Jeong Soon Kwon),유정숙(Cheong Suk Yoo5),정영선(Young Sun Jeong),정인숙(In Sook Jung),김경숙(Kyeong Sug Kim),이선희(Seon Heui Lee),서현주(Hyun Ju S 한국근거기반간호학회 2015 근거와 간호 Vol.3 No.1

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the extent of diffusion of Intravenous infusion nursing practice guideline among nurses in advanced general hospitals and general hospitals in Korea. Methods: The subjects were 234 nurses who practice the intravenous infusion in 24 advanced general hospitals and general hospitals. Data were collected between October 5 and November 2, 2015 by mail (return rates: 97.5 %). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA with SPSS/ WIN 21. Results: The average guideline diffusion score and levels of diffusion was 3.39±0.58 (level of “use sometimes”). 44 recommendations (46%) were in level of “use always” and 50 recommendations (53%) were in “use sometimes”. Extent of diffusion were significantly different according to present status (F=2.81, p=.040) and education (F=4.35, p=.014). The facilitating factors to use the guideline were education by department of nursing service, convenient composition of guideline and barrier factors were “no time to use the guideline”, “don’t know the guideline” and “there is no guideline at ward”. Conclusion: Extent of diffusion of Intravenous infusion nursing practice guideline among nurses was moderate level. The strategies for promoting the implementation of guideline in clinical practice is needed. Further study of outcome evaluation of guideline implementation will be needed.

말기 신부전 환자의 혈액투석에서 Tunneled Cuffed Catheter ( Permcath ) 사용 성적에 대한 연구

강영선(Young Sun Kang),이소영(So Young Lee),한상엽(Sang Yup Han),조상경(Sang Kyung Jo),신진호(Jin Ho Shin),차대룡(Dae Ryong Cha),권영주(Young Joo Kwon),조원용(Won Yong Cho),표희정(Heui Jung Pyo),김형규(Hyoung Kyu Kim) 대한신장학회 2001 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.20 No.2

목적 : 혈액투석을 받는 만성 신부전 환자에게 혈관 접속장치의 확보는 환자의 생명을 유지시키기 위한 중요한 요소이다. 그러나 충분한 사전 준비 없이 시행되는 응급 혈액 투석시 흔히 사용되는 polyurethan teflon double lumen catheter는 비교적 사용기간이 짧으며, 사용 중 여러 가지 중한 합병증을 동반할 수 있다. 따라서 최근 피하에 매몰시킬 수 있는 dacron cuff를 갖고 있는 tunneled cuffed catheter(Permcath®)가 사용 중 합병증이 적고 충분한 기간 동안 사용할 수 있어 동정맥 문합 수술 후 혈관이 성숙되기까지 충분히 기다릴 수 있는 시간이 있고, 반 영구적인 목적으로 사용할 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 이에 이 연구에서는 tunneled cuffed catheter사용의 합병증 및 성적에 대해 조사하였다. 방법 : 1995년 1월부터 1999년 8월까지 환자 86명에 대하여 시행한 총 101예를 대상으로 조사하였으며 86명 중 27명은 다른 병원으로 전원하였다. 86명에 포함되지 않는 8명은 추적이 중단되어 조사대상에서 제외되었으며 전원된 환자는 병원이나 환자를 통한 전화 인터뷰를 시행하였다. 결과 : 전체 환자 86명의 평균 연령은 58세이고 남녀가 각각49명, 37명이었다. 이 중 35명은 당뇨병이 있었다. 대상환자 86명 중 4회 시행이 1명, 3회 시행이 1명, 2회가 10명이 있어 도관삽입은 101예에서 시행되었다. 사용 목적은 동정맥 문합술 후 혈관 성숙을 위해 대기하는 경우가 46%로 가장 많았고 혈관상태가 좋지 않아 혈관 수술을 할 수 없어 시행한 경우가 31%, 복막투석 중 합병증 발생의 경우가 15%였다. 혈관 수술을 위한 경우가 5%였으며 신장이식을 준비하는 경우도 있었다. 합병증은 시술환자 중 51%에서 발생하였으며, 이 중 국소 출혈이 70%로 많았으나 모든 예에서 도관관련 균혈증 가능성(possible catheter-related bacteremia, possible CRB)이 30%, 출구 감염이 14%, 기계적인 합병증이 7%를 차지했다. 카테터를 제거한 이유의 20%에서는 상기한 합병증 때문이었고 54%에서는 사용 목적이 사라져 의도적으로 제거한 경우였다. 내경 정맥 및 쇄골하정맥 등 카테터의 삽입 위치와 당뇨병 유무, 연령, 성별에 따른 전체 합병증의 차이는 없었다. 그리고 각각에 따른 출혈, 균혈증 등의 합병증에도 차이는 없었다. 그러나 출구 감염의 경우 쇄골하 정맥을 사용했을 때 더 흔히 발생하였다. 평균 사용기간은 4.5개월로 가장 긴 기간은 20개월이었다. 결론 : Tunneled cuffed catheter는 혈액투석을 필요로 하는 만성 신부전 환자에서 경한 합병증을 유발하면서 장기간 사용할 수 있어 장기적으로 유지투석을 시행해야 하는 만성 신부전 환자에서 일시적 또는 반영구적 혈관 접속장치로 유용할 것으로 생각되며, 향후 이의 적극적인 시도가 필요하리라 여겨진다. Background : Mortality and morbidity of ESRD patients depend on a maintenance of vascular access for dialysis. Polyurethane teflon double lumen catheters have been used for a temporary vascular access for hemodialysis. But, their use has a high rate of complications and a limited duration. Recently developed tunneled cuffed catheter(Permcath®) have lesser complications and longer durability and it could be an alternative for double lumen polyurethan catheter. This study evaluated the usefulness and complica- tions of a tunneled cuffed catheter as a long-term vascular access at the Korea University Medical Center. Methods: The study was done retrospectively through rnedical chart review and telephone interview to investigate age, sex, the absence or presence of diabetes mellitus, catheter performance, indications for a insertion, complications, causes of catheter removal. 101 catheters were inserted in 86 ESRD patients(80 jugular, 21 subclavian) from February, 1995 to August, 1999. The complication rates and it's association with diabetes mellitus and the location of catheter insertion were reviewed. Results: The rnean age of patients was 58 years (49 men, 37 women). 35 patients were diabetics. The purpose of catheters insertion were : 1) waiting for the maturation of an arteriovenous fistula(46%), 2) no other available vascular access(31%), 3) after a removal or insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheters (15%), 4) waiting for the better vascular access operation(5%). Catheters were removed because of mechanical obstructions(8%), infections(12%), deaths of patients(16%). 51% of patients had catheter related complications. Local bleeding(70%) was the most common complication. Bacteremia and exit site infection rate were 30% and 14% respectively. The complication rates had no association with age, sex, the absence or presence of diabetes mellitus and the location of catheter insertion. However, a subcalvian catheter was more vulnerable to exit site infection than an internal jugular catheter. Conclusions: A tunneled cuffed catheter is safer, and more durable than a polyurethane teflon double lumen catheter. It could be used for a short-term vascular access, or for a permanent vascular access in person otherwise with no other alternatives.

국내 상급종합병원과 종합병원에서의 정맥주입간호실무지침에 대한 태도와 확산정도

은영(Young Eun),구미옥(Mee Ok Gu),조용애(Young Ae Cho),김신미(Shin Mi Kim),정재심(Jae Shim Jeong),권정순(Jeong Soon Kwon),유정숙(Cheong Suk Yoo),정영선(Young Sun Jeong),정인숙(In Sook Jung),김경숙(Kyeong Sug Kim)이선희(Seon Heui Lee 한국근거기반간호학회 2014 근거와 간호 Vol.2 No.1

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the level of attitudes to and diffusion of Intravenous infusion nursing practice guideline in advanced general hospitals and general hospitals in Korea. Methods: The subjects were 41 nurses who were in charge of guideline diffusion in 41 advanced general hospitals and general hospitals. Data were collected between September 25 and November 2, 2014 by mail (return rates: 68.3 %). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: The average attitude score of guideline among nurses in charge of guideline diffusion were 3.98±0.38 (range 1~5). The average guideline diffusion score and levels of diffusion was 2.26±1.39 (level of “persuasion of nursing knowledge”) for staff nurses, 3.05±0.86 (level of “use sometimes”) for nurses in charge of guideline diffusion, 2.87±0.78 (level of “use sometimes”) for nurse directors. 41.4 % of nursing divisions in 41 hospitals reviewed the intravenous infusion nursing practice guideline, educated the guideline to nurses, and implemented the guideline in clinical practice for guideline diffusion. Conclusion: Study findings indicate that nurses in charge of intravenous infusion nursing practice guideline in hospitals had positive attitude for guideline. The levels of guideline diffusion in hospitals was “persuasion of nursing knowledge” to “use sometimes”. Therefore, the strategies for promoting the diffusion and implementation of guideline in clinical practice in the level of nursing division is needed. Further study of outcome evaluation of guideline implementation will be needed.

유전자 진화 분석을 위한 전유전체 가시화 Component Ware 개발

조치영(Chi-Young Cho),박수현(Soo-Hyun Park),김대수(Dae-Soo Kim),하홍석(Hong-Seok Ha),안궁(Kung Ahn),김희수(Heui-Soo Kim),조환규(Hwan-Gue Cho) 한국정보과학회 2008 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.35 No.1

많은 양의 유전자 정보가 유전공학의 발전과 Genome 프로젝트의 결과로 축적되고 있으며, 이러한 유전자 정보를 체계적으로 관리하고 가시화하기 위한 생물정보학 분야의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 기존의 많은 Genome Browser들이 완성된 형태의 툴로 서비스되고 있다. 이러한 툴들은 다목적의 많은 기능을 포함하고 있어 특정연구를 진행해야하는 연구자들은 너무 많은 정보로부터 원하는 것을 찾기 위해 시간과 노력이 필요하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 특정한 목적의 Gene 가시화 툴을 제작할 수 있는 Component Ware를 제안하고 이를 이용한 진화분석용 가시화 툴을 소개한다.