나비에-스토크방식의 해석에 유한해석법의 적용

윤재복,서상호,신철수 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 1991 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Finite analytic method is employed to solve the Navier-Stokes Equations with the velocity-pressure formulation. The Chorin's artificial compressibility method and the method of pressure corrections are employed in order to be able to compute the pressure explicitly. The results are compared with the stream function-vorticity ones, and those of finite element and finite difference methods.

GNU Zebra를 이용한 임베디드 리눅스 라우터 개발

노철우,방석윤 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2003 自然科學論文集 Vol.12 No.-

In this paper, we address the development of an embedded Linux router using the GNU Zebra routing protocol under the embedded Linux development environments. The objective is to establish the development methods of embedded system based on the porting of Linux kernel. The details of Linux kernel porting, which supports for a network protocol stack, to the dedicated hardware is described. By porting, the router embedded system is developed for replacing a high cost commercial router equipment with the implemented one. After establishing a test environment of the implemented router, the routing function is verified with the routing tables and performance analysis with one of the commercial routers is presented.

강원지역 태권도 대중화를 위한 태권도 민간시설 운영 실태에 관한 연구

나윤수,김희철,김륭희 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

The question survey on the realities of the T'aekwondo facilities under private management result in a quarter tendency respond to better the male teacher than schoolmistress. After all, for popularization, the policy make an incentive offer to the male teacher better than schoolmistress consider, therefore ratio of female and male teacher is equal. The survey about type of facilities occupies an entire private management and the T'aekwondo facilities rely on private management because corporate, public and office facilities are not nearly. So, urgent questionsan make use of auxiliary organ of a university and public, office facilities. An aspect of facilities and equipment, significance test for the location depend on province and district result in somewhat discrepancy. That is, duty time of teacher depend on province better than district is somewhat much. T'aekwondo facilities and conditions for the location depend on province and district is somewhat discrepancy, but income of a month is no discrepancy. The period of duty better than other conditions an effect influence on income of a month. The most T'aekwondo teacher work on average 9 hours a day(about 46 %) and average duty period is between 2 and 3 year, if average duty period more than 4 years, tendency to workshop change or convert other types of business. therefore event is made from setting up concept of his whole workshop. The net payment, income of a month, most of teacher is between \1,000,000 and \1,200,000 , high frequency and the low income bracket better than other the kind of occupation. So, the system about payment based on ability and result, a bonus become established

평야지재배 조생종 벼의 이화학적 및 식미특성 분석

정진일,김기영,최윤희,최원영,고종철,오명규,홍하철,이승엽,이명철 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.4

평야지재배 적응 조생종 벼 품종의 선발 및 품종 육성의 기초 자료로 활용코자 극조생종(1품종)과 조생종(10품종) 및 준조생(3품종)등 총 14품종을 산간지(운봉)와 평야지(익산)에 지역별 표준재배법으로 공시한 결과, 1. 극조생종 및 조생종들은 감온성이 커 산간지에서 출수가 빠르나, 준조생종에 속하는 상미벼, 영덕34호, 히또메보레 등은 감광성이 감온성보다 커, 평야지재배에서 4일정도 빨리 출수하였다. 2. 수량성은 대부분의 품종들이 산간지재배에 비해 평야지 재배에서 높았고 대체로 출수가 빠른 품종일수록 지역간의 수량차가 크게 나타났으며, 출수가 다소 늦은 준조생종들은 산간지와 평야지의 재배에서 수량차가 크지 않아 산간지 뿐만 아니라 평야지에서도 적응성이 높았다. 3. 단백질함량은 숙기가 다소 늦은 품종일수록 낮은 경향을 보였고 산간지보다는 평야지에서 낮았으며, 품종간에는 오대벼, 운봉30호, 영덕34호, 신석조생, 상미벼 등이 함유량이 낮았다. 4. 식미치는 산간지재배가 평야지에 비해 보다 높게 나타났고, 출수가 늦을수록 높았으며, 지역간 차가 크게 나타난 품종은 극조생종인 키라라397이었고, 출수가 늦은 상미벼와 히또메보레는 차가 적었다. 5. 산온도와 수량과의 상관은 산간지에서만 영향이 있을 뿐 평야에서는 영향이 적고 일사량과 일조시수가 수량에 보다 상관성이 높았으며, 식미치는 적산온도와는 부의상관, 생육 일수와는 정상관을 보였다. This experiment was carried out to clarify the difference of rice yield and the quality of rice in southern plan area and in alpine area. Yield and quality of fourteen early varieties were investigated under the different transplanting dates and planting densities in southern plan area(Iksan) and in alpine area(Unbong). In the alpine area, extremely early variety and early varieties headed early compared to the plain area, but medium early varieties headed about 4 days late unlike the alpine area. The yield difference of most early varieties including Kilara 397 of extremely early flowering variety were greater in plain area than in alpine. The different of yield between plain and alpine area was less in varieties with Sinseogjosaeng, Odaebyeo, Akidagomachi, and Yeungdeuk34. The rate of protein was lower in plain area than alpine and more lately flowering than early, but palatability of milled rice was higher at the alpine area and more lately flowering varieties. Correlation coefficients between yield and meterological data during maturity, yield shower the significant correlation with integrated solar radiation and sunshine hours at cultured in southern plan area, but it showed only cumulative temperature in alpine area. Palatability of miller rice was positive correlation at growth duration but negative correlation at cumulative temperature.

Optical Waveguiding and Lasing Action in Porphyrin Rectangular Microtube with Subwavelength Wall Thicknesses

Yoon, Seok Min,Lee, Jooran,Je, Jung Ho,Choi, Hee Cheul,Yoon, Minjoong American Chemical Society 2011 ACS NANO Vol.5 No.4

<P>Lasing action by planar-, fiber-, or ring-type waveguide has been extensively investigated with different types of microcavities such as thin films, wires, cylindrical tubes, or ribbons. However, the lasing action by sharp bending waveguide, which promises efficient interconnection of amplified light in the photonic circuits, remains unexplored. Here, we report the first observation of microcavity effects in the organic rectangular microtubes (RMTs) with sharp bends (<I>ca.</I> 90°) and subwavelength nanoscale wall thicknesses, based on single crystalline and themostable tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (H<SUB>2</SUB>TPyP)-RMTs synthesized by the VCR process. A bright tip emission is observed from the sharp bending edges of a single RMT upon laser excitation, demonstrating a clear waveguiding behavior in RMT. The appearance of a peak from the (0−1) band at a threshold tube length and the gradual decrease of its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) suggest that amplification of spontaneous emission (ASE) is developed by stimulated emission along the walls of the RMTs. The ehancement of the ASE peak together with the narrowing of its fhwm over a threshold pump power and the tube size (width and length) dependence of the mode spacing strongly support vibronic lasing action in the RMTs. The stimulated emission by the subwavelength bending waveguide demonstrates that the organic RMTs can be applied as new building blocks for micromanipulation of optical path and amplification in the integrated circuits for efficient photonic devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2011/ancac3.2011.5.issue-4/nn200027x/production/images/medium/nn-2011-00027x_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn200027x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Propofol protects human keratinocytes from oxidative stress via autophagy expression

Yoon, Ji-Young,Jeon, Hyun-Ook,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Cheul-Hong,Yoon, Ji-Uk,Park, Bong-Soo,Yu, Su-Bin,Kwak, Jin-Won The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2017 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.17 No.1

Background: The skin consists of tightly connected keratinocytes, and prevents extensive water loss while simultaneously protecting against the entry of microbial pathogens. Excessive cellular levels of reactive oxygen species can induce cell apoptosis and also damage skin integrity. Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) has antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated how propofol influences intracellular autophagy and apoptotic cell death induced by oxidative stress in human keratinocytes. Method: The following groups were used for experimentation: control, cells were incubated under normoxia (5% $CO_2$, 21% $O_2$, and 74% $N_2$) without propofol; hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), cells were exposed to $H_2O_2$ ($300{\mu}M$) for 2 h; propofol preconditioning (PPC)/$H_2O_2$, cells pretreated with propofol ($100{\mu}M$) for 2 h were exposed to $H_2O_2$; and 3-methyladenine $(3-MA)/PPC/H_2O_2$, cells pretreated with 3-MA (1 mM) for 1 h and propofol were exposed to $H_2O_2$. Cell viability, apoptosis, and migration capability were evaluated. Relation to autophagy was detected by western blot analysis. Results: Cell viability decreased significantly in the $H_2O_2$ group compared to that in the control group and was improved by propofol preconditioning. Propofol preconditioning effectively decreased $H_2O_2$-induced cell apoptosis and increased cell migration. However, pretreatment with 3-MA inhibited the protective effect of propofol on cell apoptosis. Autophagy was activated in the $PPC/H_2O_2$ group compared to that in the $H_2O_2$ group as demonstrated by western blot analysis and autophagosome staining. Conclusion: The results suggest that propofol preconditioning induces an endogenous cellular protective effect in human keratinocytes against oxidative stress through the activation of signaling pathways related to autophagy.

Spatial and temporal variabilities of spring asian dust events and their impacts on chlorophyll‐a concentrations in the western north pacific ocean

Yoon, Joo‐,Eun,Kim, Kitae,Macdonald, Alison M.,Park, Ki‐,Tae,Kim, Hyun‐,Cheol,Yoo, Kyu‐,Cheul,Yoon, Ho‐,Il,Yang, Eun Jin,Jung, Jinyoung,Lim, Jae‐,Hyun American Geophysical Union 2017 Geophysical Research Letters Vol. No.

Reviews and syntheses: Ocean iron fertilization experiments - past, present, and future looking to a future Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean (KIFES) project

Yoon, Joo-Eun,Yoo, Kyu-Cheul,Macdonald, Alison M.,Yoon, Ho-Il,Park, Ki-Tae,Yang, Eun Jin,Kim, Hyun-Cheol,Lee, Jae Il,Lee, Min Kyung,Jung, Jinyoung,Park, Jisoo,Lee, Jiyoung,Kim, Soyeon,Kim, Seong-Su,Ki Copernicus GmbH 2018 Biogeosciences Vol.15 No.19

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Since the start of the industrial revolution, human activities have caused a rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (<span class='inline-formula'>CO₂</span>) concentrations, which have, in turn, had an impact on climate leading to global warming and ocean acidification. Various approaches have been proposed to reduce atmospheric <span class='inline-formula'>CO₂</span>. The Martin (or iron) hypothesis suggests that ocean iron fertilization (OIF) could be an effective method for stimulating oceanic carbon sequestration through the biological pump in iron-limited, high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions. To test the Martin hypothesis, 13 artificial OIF (aOIF) experiments have been performed since 1990 in HNLC regions. These aOIF field experiments have demonstrated that primary production (PP) can be significantly enhanced by the artificial addition of iron. However, except in the Southern Ocean (SO) European Iron Fertilization Experiment (EIFEX), no significant change in the effectiveness of aOIF (i.e., the amount of iron-induced carbon export flux below the winter mixed layer depth, MLD) has been detected. These results, including possible side effects, have been debated amongst those who support and oppose aOIF experimentation, and many questions concerning the effectiveness of scientific aOIF, environmental side effects, and international aOIF law frameworks remain. In the context of increasing global and political concerns associated with climate change, it is valuable to examine the validity and usefulness of the aOIF experiments. Furthermore, it is logical to carry out such experiments because they allow one to study how plankton-based ecosystems work by providing insight into mechanisms operating in real time and under in situ conditions. To maximize the effectiveness of aOIF experiments under international aOIF regulations in the future, we therefore suggest a design that incorporates several components. (1) Experiments conducted in the center of an eddy structure when grazing pressure is low and silicate levels are high (e.g., in the SO south of the polar front during early summer). (2) Shipboard observations extending over a minimum of <span class='inline-formula'>∼40</span> days, with multiple iron injections (at least two or three iron infusions of <span class='inline-formula'>∼2000</span><span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>kg</span> with an interval of <span class='inline-formula'>∼10</span>-15 days to fertilize a patch of 300<span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>km²</span> and obtain a <span class='inline-formula'>∼2</span><span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>nM</span> concentration). (3) Tracing of the iron-fertilized patch using both physical (e.g., a drifting buoy) and biogeochemical (e.g., sulfur hexafluoride, photosynthetic quantum efficiency, and partial pressure of <span class='inline-formula'>CO₂</span>) tracers. (4) Employment of neutrally buoyant sediment traps (NBST) and application of the water-column-derived thorium-234 (<span class='inline-formula'>²³⁴Th</span>) method at two depths (i.e., just below the in situ MLD and at the winter MLD), with autonomous profilers equipped with an underwater video profiler (UVP) and a transmissometer. (5) Monitoring of side effects on marine/ocean ecosystems, including production of climate-relevant gases (e.g., nitrous oxide, <span class='inline-formula'>N₂O</span>; dimethyl sulfide, DMS; and halogenated volatile organic compounds, HVOCs), decline in oxygen inventory, and development of toxic algae blooms, with optical-sensor-equipped autonomous moored profilers and/or autonomous benthic vehicles. Lastly, we introduce the scientific aOIF<span id='page5848'/> experimental design guidelines for a future Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean (KIFES).</p> </P>

Effect of Propofol Preconditioning on Hypoxic-Cultured Human Osteoblast

Yoon, Ji Uk,Shin, Sang Wook,Park, Bong Soo,Kim, Yong Ho,Woo, Mi Na,Yoon, Ji Young,Kim, Cheul Hong The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2014 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.14 No.2

Background: Angiogenesis has been recognized an essential precondition for osteogenesis. Because reduction and disruption of the blood supply to tissue cause tissue hypoxia, pathological bone loss affected by hypoxia often can occur in various clinical conditions. The effects of propofol on the process of osteogenesis have received little direct attention. Therefore, we investigated the effect of propofol on the growth and function of osteoblasts under hypoxic condition. Methods: After propofol (3, 30, $300{\mu}M$) preconditioning for 2 hours, hFOB 1.19 human osteoblast cells were cultured under 1 % oxygen tension for 48 hours. Using real time PCR and western blot analysis, we analyzed the expression of, BMP-2, TGF-${\beta}1$, type I collagen, osteocalcin, HIF-1s and Akt. Cell viability was also determined by MTT assay. Results: Propofol preconditioning on hypoxic-cultured osteoblast promoted the expressions of BMP-2, TGF-${\beta}1$, type I collagen and osteocalcin and induced hypoxia-mediated HIF-1 activation and the expression of Akt protein. Propofol with $300{\mu}M$ significant decreased cell viability compared to control. Conclusions: Clinically relevant concentrations of propofol are not cytotoxic to hypoxic osteoblasts in vitro. Propofol preconditioning on hypoxic-cultured osteoblast stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast through induced expression of BMP-2, TGF-${\beta}1$, type I collagen and osteocalcin. Propofol might promote angiogenesis and bone regeneration under hypoxic condition.

학생 교육권 보장과 교육복지

윤철수(Yoon Cheul-Su) 비판과 대안을 위한 사회복지학회 2005 비판사회정책 Vol.- No.20

학생은 청소년이라는 자연적 속성과 배우는 사람이라는 사회적 인식이 내재되어 있는 사회적 신분이며 교육 의무자이면서 동시에 교육 권리자이기도 하다. 국가는 헌법으로 모든 국민의 교육권을 보장하고 있으나 학생들은 교육권을 보장바지 못하고 있다. 왜냐하면 학생에 대한 사회적 인식이 학생들 스스로 교육권을 요구하지 못하게 하고 있으며, 또한 사회적 불평등이 교육 불평등과 교육 소외현상으로 나타남으로써 교육권을 보장받지 못하는 대상이 늘어가고 있기 때문이다. 국가는 학생인권과 교육권을 보장해 주어야 할 책임과 의무가 있다. 그리고 국가는 교육 불평등, 교육격차로 인한 교육소외현상을 해결하지 못하고서는 학생 교육권은 현실적으로 보장하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 국가는 학생의 인권을 보장하고, 헌법에서 보장된 교육권을 보장해 주기 위한 주요방안으로 교육 복지개념을 활용하여 국가정책에 반영하여야 한다. 교육권 보장을 위한 교육복지구현방안은 첫째 교육복지관계법 제정, 둘째 교육복지대상의 명확화, 셋째 교육기회 박탈자들을 위한 교육정책, 넷째 도시 저소득 학생들의 교육소외 현상 해결, 다섯째 교육복지정책실현을 위한 교육복지전문가의 의무배치 등이다. 그러나 주의해야할 점은 교육 소외자들은 분명 교육복지의 1차적 대상자이지만 이들만이 교육복지의 대상자는 아니며 아울러 국가는 모든 학생을 대상으로 ‘학생인권’과 ‘교육받을 권리’를 보장해 주어야 한다. Students are natural beings as adolescents and at the same time social beings as learners. Thus the government is responsible for the fair distribution of opportunities for education to students. Although students’ right to be educated is provided in the Constitution, however, their right is not guaranteed by the state. The author discussed two reasons why the right to be educated as provided in the Constitution is not guaranteed. First, because students are recognized not as natural human beings but as students with heavy load of learning, their human rights are not respected and as a result their right to be educated is not asserted. Second, social inequality is manifested as educational inequality and educational alienation and, as a result, the right to be educated is not asserted. The government has responsibilities and duties to guarantee students’ human rights and their ‘right to be educated’ as provided in the Constitution. Thus, as a method of guaranteeing students’ human rights as well as ‘the right to be educated’, first, enact a education welfare law second, clearness of target of education welfare, third, policies for education neglected students forth, solving of‘low-class of education problems fifth compulsory arrangement of specialists. However, it should be kept in mind that, although the educationally alienated are the primary subjects of educational welfare, the government must also guarantee all students in the country human rights’ and ‘the right to be educated.’