Hypocholesterolemic metabolism of dietary red pericarp glutinous rice rich in phenolic compounds in mice fed a high cholesterol diet

Yongsoon Park,Eun-Mi Park,Eun-Hye Kim,Ill-Min Chung 대한지역사회영양학회 2014 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.8 No.6

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of red pericarp glutinous rice rich in polyphenols (Jakwangchalbyeo, red rice) on serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and hepatic protein expression linked to synthesis and degradation of cholesterol in a hypercholesterolemic mice diet as compared with brown rice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 each), which were fed different diets for a period of 12 weeks: American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet, AIN-93G diet with 2% cholesterol, brown rice with 2% cholesterol, or red rice with 2% cholesterol. RESULT: Consumption of red rice resulted in a significant decrease in serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic levels of triglyceride and total-cholesterol. Expression of acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was decreased, while expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK ratio, cholesterol 7-α -hydroxylase (CYP7a1), and sterol 12-α-hydroxylase (CYP8b1) was increased in mice fed red rice. Brown rice had similar effects on cholesterol metabolism, but the effect of red rice was significantly greater than that of brown rice. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggested that red rice had a hypocholesterolemic effect by lowering hepatic cholesterol synthesis through ACAT-2, HMG-CoA reductase, and SREBP-2, and by enhancing hepatic cholesterol degradation through CYP7a1 and CYP8b1 in mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.

A Resiliency Coordinator Against Malicious Attacks for Cyber-Physical Systems

Yongsoon Eun,Jaegeun Park,Yechan Jeong,Daehoon Kim,Kyung-Joon Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

Resiliency of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) against malicious attacks has been a topic of active research in the past decade due to widely recognized importance. Resilient CPS is capable of tolerating some attacks, operating at a reduced capacity with core functions maintained, and failing gracefully to avoid any catastrophic consequences. Existing work includes an architecture for hierarchical control systems, which is a subset of CPS with wide applicability, that is tailored for resiliency. Namely, the architecture consists of local, network and supervision layers and features such as simplex structure, resource isolation by hypervisors, redundant sensors/actuators, and software defined network capabilities. Existing work also includes methods of ensuring a level of resiliency at each one of the layers, respectively. However, for a holistic system level resiliency, individual methods at each layers must be coordinated in their deployment because all three layers interact for the operation of CPS. For this purpose, a resiliency coordinator for CPS is proposed in this work. The resiliency coordinator is the interconnection of central resiliency coordinator in the supervision layer, network resiliency coordinator in the network layer, and finally, local resiliency coordinators in multiple physical systems that compose the physical layer. We show, by examples, the operation of the resiliency coordinator and illustrate that RC accomplishes a level of attack resiliency greater than the sum of resiliency at each one of the layers separately.

특집호 서문: 사이버물리시스템

은용순(Yongsoon Eun) 제어로봇시스템학회 2021 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.27 No.2

건강 기능성 연구를 중심으로 한 전통발효식품의 연구동향

문은경(Eun-Gyung Mun),김보경(Bohkyung Kim),김은영(Eun-Young Kim),이해정(Hae-Jeung Lee),김영(Young Kim),박용순(Yongsoon Park),차연수(Youn-Soo Cha) 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.47 No.4

본 연구는 한식에서 양념으로 이용하는 발효식품 5종류(간장 및 된장, 고추장, 청국장, 젓갈)에 대한 연구 동향을 살펴보았다. 발효식품에 대한 논문은 1995년부터 2017년까지 634편이 출판되었으며, 그중 159편이 건강 기능성을 평가한 논문이었다. 간장이 17편, 된장 60편, 고추장 20편, 청국장 58편, 젓갈이 4편으로 집계되었다. 간장과 젓갈을 대상으로 한 세포 및 동물을 이용한 실험은 7편과 2편에 불과하였으며 인체실험은 이루어지지 않았다. 간장은 면역 활성 및 염증 억제에 대한 연구가 가장 많이 이루어졌다. 된장을 이용한 세포 및 동물실험은 인체실험 3편과 역학조사 4편을 포함하여 31편이 보고되었다. 된장의 건강 기능성 중 항비만/당뇨에 대해 다루는 논문이 세포 및 동물, 인체실험을 모두 포함하여 11편으로 집계되었다. 전통발효식품을 연관한 역학조사는 콩 및 콩 제품, 발효식품군의 섭취가 위암과 심혈관계 질환, 아토피 피부염에 미치는 영향을 보고하였다. 고추장에 대한 건강 기능성 평가는 12편이 세포 및 동물실험을 이용하였고 인체실험은 3편이 보고되었다. 고추장 역시 항비만/당뇨에 대한 건강 기능성 평가가 8편으로 가장 많았다. 그 밖에 암세포를 이용한 항암실험 및 면역 활성 증강, 염증 억제에 대한 연구가 이루어졌다. 청국장에 대한 건강 기능성 평가는 8편의 인체실험을 포함하여 47편의 세포 및 동물실험이 이루어졌다. 그중 21편이 항비만/당뇨에 대한 연구였으며, 5편이 인체실험이 이루어졌다. 그 외에도 청국장은 뼈의 미네랄 증진 및 피부 개선, 면역 활성 증진 등 다양한 분야에서 건강 기능성 검증이 이루어졌으며, 다른 발효식품에 비하여 연구의 범위가 넓었다. 본 총설은 발효식품의 건강 기능성 평가를 위한 데이터베이스 작업이며, 향후 연구를 기획하고자 할 때 방향을 제시할 수 있을 것이다. This study aimed to investigate the trends in five fermented foods used as seasonings in Korean cuisine: ganjang (Korean fermented soy sauce), doenjang (Korean fermented soybean paste), kochujang (Korean fermented red pepper paste), cheonggukjang (Korean fermented soybean product), and jeotgal (Korean salted fish). There were 634 articles on traditional fermented foods published from 1995 to 2017. Among these, 159 papers were on the health function of fermented foods, 17 on ganjang, 60 on doenjang, 20 on kochujang, 58 on cheonggukjang, and four on jeotgal. Regarding ganjang and jeotgal, seven and two articles were published, respectively, based on cell and animal experiments, but no human trials were reported. Most studies on ganjang were related to immunological activity and inhibition of inflammation. In the experiments on doenjang, 31 papers were published, including three human trials, and most were anti-obesity/anti-diabetes studies. Four epidemiological studies have been reported on soybean including soybean products as well as fermented food categories reporting effects on gastric cancer, cardiovascular disease, and atopic dermatitis. For kochujang, 12 studies including cell and animal experiments, as well as three human trials were reported. The most published topics on kochujang were anti-obesity/anti-diabetes. In addition, suppressive effects on cancer cells, increased immune activity, and inhibition of inflammation were observed. Study of cheonggukjang consisted of 47 articles, including eight human trials, and 21 of them were anti-obesity/anti-diabetes experiments. Studies related to bone mineralization, skin improvement, and immune-boosting were conducted using cheonggukjang. This review focuses on the reported health benefits of Korean fermented foods, suggesting directions to be taken while planning a study on fermented foods by generating a database for the evaluation of the health benefits of Korean fermented foods.

사이버물리시스템 연구 동향

은용순(Yongsoon Eun),박경준(Kyung-Joon Park),원명규(Myounggyu Won),박태준(Taejoon Park),손상혁(Sang Hyuk Son) 한국정보과학회 2013 정보과학회지 Vol.31 No.12

A Sketch of North Korean Studies in South Korea

Yongsoon Kim(김용순),Eun Kook Lee(이은국),Haekyung Song(송해경) 한국정치학회 2011 한국정치학회보 Vol.45 No.3

본 연구는 북한학의 정체성을 정립하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 2008년까지 한국에서 발간된 석ㆍ박사논문 중 북한관련 연구의 경향, 특히 학위수여기관을 중심으로 한 양적 분석을 시도하고 있다. 관련 학과의 효과적인 운영과 관련 학회의 체계적인 활동이 북한학의 질적 발전에 새로운 기회를 제공하고 있음을 전제하고, 본 연구는 먼저 북한학의 지역연구로서의 학제적 접근 방법과 연구분야 및 주제의 다양성, 그리고 연구의 질적ㆍ양적 발전을 확인하고 있다. 북한학이 정체성을 확립하고 독자적인 학문으로서 확고히 자리매김 하기 위해서는 다음의 세 가지 측면에서 체계적인 노력이 요구된다: 첫째는 북한학의 활성화와 확대를 위한 정부차원에서의 지원, 둘째는 관련 교과과정의 체계적인 관리를 위한 학교 차원에서의 장기적인 지원, 셋째는 연구자 차원에서 학문적인 요구에 의한 다양한 분야에 대한 연구의 재활성화 노력이다. 무엇보다 중요한 것은 북한을 연구하는 학자들 사이에서 북한학의 정체성에 대한 인식의 차이를 좁히는 것일 것이다. As part of an effort to redefine the identity of North Korean studies, this study analyzes research trends in Master’s and Doctoral dissertations published in South Korea prior to 2008. The analysis verifies its multidisciplinary characteristics as an area studies, diversity of research areas and subjects, and quantitative and qualitative development; as such, effective management of the related department and systematic activities of relevant scholarly societies provide a new opportunity for systematically improving the quality of North Korean studies. Establishing roots as an independent discipline and establishing its identity requires advancements in three aspects: vitalization and expansion of support for North Korean studies at the government level, long-term support for systematic management of the related curriculum at the university level, and revitalization of the research on more various areas by the academic needs at the academic level. Most importantly, efforts to reduce perception gaps in identity among scholars are vital.

Effect of inhaled 1,2-Dichlorobenzene on cytochrome P450s and lipid [eroxidation in B6C3F1 mice

Eun-Sang Cho,Hye-yeon Choi,YongSoon Kim,Kyung Taek Rim 한국실험동물학회 2022 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.7

Sensor Security Index for Control Systems

Heegyun Jeon,Yongsoon Eun 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

Security of control systems have become a new and important field of research since malicious attacks on control systems indeed occurred including Stuxnet in 2011 and north eastern electrical grid black out in 2003. Attacks on sensors and/or actuators of control systems cause malfunction, instability, and even system destruction. The impact of attack may differ by which instrumentation (sensors and/or actuators) is being attacked. In particular, for control systems with multiple sensors, attack on each sensor may have different impact, i.e., attack on some sensors leads to a greater damage to the system than those for other sensors. To investigate this, we consider sensor bias injection attacks in linear control systems equipped with anomaly detector, and quantify the maximum impact of attack on sensors while the attack remains undetected. Then, we introduce a notion of sensor security index for linear dynamic systems to quantify the vulnerability under sensor attacks. Method of reducing system vulnerability is also discussed using the notion of sensor security index.

Circuit Driving of RC Scale Cars using Reinforcement Learning

Minhyeok Kwon,Yongsoon Eun 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

This paper presents control of an RC scale car in a scale circuit using reinforcement learning. Experimental environment has been constructed with 1/27 scale remote controlled car, motion tracking system, and a computer that sends steering and thrust commands to the RC car based on feedback from the motion tracking system. The control consists of two layers. Low-level controller receives a desired velocity vector as a reference and do a basic PI control for thrust and P control for steering. High-level controller is trained by reinforcement learning that receives the car state and outputs the velocity command vector. The state include position, velocity, heading of the RC car, distances to surrounding boundaries of the circuit. The high-level controller takes the form of a recursive neural network, which is trained entirely in virtual environment. The car dynamics in the virtual environment is a bicycle model that includes tire slip force from the literature. With the resulting policy (high-level controller) the RC car successfully completes 10 laps in the actual environment of the circuit without colliding to the boundaries.

Active Probing Signal-Based Attack Detection Method for Autonomous Vehicular Systems

Gyujin Na,Yongsoon Eun 제어로봇시스템학회 2020 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.10

This paper addresses an active probing signal-based attack detection method for autonomous vehicular systems. Employing active probing signals for attack detection may become a common method for detecting replay attacks performed using prerecorded sensor data. Conventional replay attack detection methods usually operate by injecting active probing signals into the control inputs and simultaneously checking whether the effect appears on the output signals. When active probing signals are used in vehicular systems, they may change the vehicle acceleration and steering angle. The tracking performance can degrade; inspired by this issue, we develop an attack detection method employing disturbance observers. The attack detection method compensates for the effect of active probing signals and detects malicious attacks, including replay attacks. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, several simulations are carried out.