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Increasing Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Among Young Men in Korea Between 2003 and 2008
Shin, Dong Hyuk,Sinn, Dong Hyun,Kim, Young-Ho,Kim, Jin Yong,Chang, Dong Kyung,Kim, Eun Jin,Ryu, Ho Yoel,Song, Han Ul,Kim, Il Young,Kim, Do Hyoung,Kim, Yun Young,Kim, Suk Hun,Seo, Yu Bin,Hwang, Ki Won Springer-Verlag 2011 Digestive diseases and sciences Vol.56 No.4
Neurotoxicity of microglial cathepsin D revealed by secretome analysis
Kim, Sangseop,Ock, Jiyeon,Kim, Ae Kyung,Lee, Ho Won,Cho, Je-Yoel,Kim, Deok Ryong,Park, Jae-Yong,Suk, Kyoungho Raven Press [etc.] 2007 Journal of neurochemistry Vol.103 No.6
<P>Abstract</P><P>Microglia-driven inflammatory responses have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects in the CNS. The excessive and chronic activation of microglia, however, may shift the balance towards neurotoxic effects. In this regard, proteins secreted from activated microglia likely play a key role in the neurotoxic effects. To characterize secreted proteins of activated microglia, conditioned media obtained from BV-2 mouse microglia cells were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Among many proteins identified in the secretome of activated microglia, an aspartic endoprotease cathepsin D has been found to mediate microglial neurotoxicity based on the following results: (i) the expression of cathepsin D protein was markedly increased in lipopolysaccharide/interferon-&ggr;-stimulated microglia compared with resting microglia as determined by western blot analysis of conditioned media; (ii) knockdown of cathepsin D expression in microglia using short hairpin RNA diminished the neurotoxicity in the coculture of microglia and neuroblastoma cells and (iii) recombinant procathepsin D protein exerted cytotoxic effects toward cultured neurons. In conclusion, cathepsin D appears to play a central role in the microglial neurotoxicity, and could be a potential biomarker or drug target for the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that are associated with excessive microglial activation and subsequent neurotoxic inflammation.</P>
Shh and ROCK1 modulate the dynamic epithelial morphogenesis in circumvallate papilla development
Kim, Jae-Young,Lee, Min-Jung,Cho, Kyoung-Won,Lee, Jong-Min,Kim, Yeun-Jung,Kim, Ji-Youn,Jung, Hye-In,Cho, Je-Yoel,Cho, Sung-Won,Jung, Han-Sung Elsevier 2009 Developmental Biology Vol.325 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In rodents, a circumvallate papilla (CVP) develops with dynamic changes in epithelial morphogenesis during early tongue development. Molecular and cellular studies of CVP development revealed that there would be two different mechanisms in the apex and the trench wall forming regions with specific expression patterns of <I>Wnt11</I> and <I>Shh</I>. Molecular interactions were examined using <I>in vitro</I> organ culture with over-expression of Shh, important signalling molecules and various inhibitors revealed that there are two significant different mechanisms in CVP formation by <I>Wnt11</I> and <I>Shh</I> expressions. Wnt, a well known key molecule to initiate taste papillae, would govern Rho activation and cytoskeleton formation in the apex epithelium of CVP. In contrast, <I>Shh</I> regulates the cell proliferation to differentiate taste buds and to invaginate the epithelium for development of von Ebner's gland (VEG). Based on these results, we suggest that these different molecular signalling cascades of Wnt11 and Shh would play crucial roles in specific morphogenesis and pattern formation of CVP during early mouse embryo development.</P>
The suppressive effect of myeloid elf-1-like factor (MEF) in osteogenic differentiation
Kim, Youn-Jeong,Kim, Byung-Gyu,Lee, Seung-Jin,Lee, Ho-Kyung,Lee, Sang-Han,Ryoo, Hyun-Mo,Cho, Je-Yoel Liss 2007 Journal of Cellular Physiology Vol.211 No.1
<P>Myeloid Elf-1 like factor (MEF) is a member of the Ets transcription factor family. Ets family proteins control the expression of genes that are critical for biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Some of Ets factors are also known to regulate bone development. In this study, we investigated the role of MEF in osteoblast differentiation. MEF expression was highest early in the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and was reduced by treatment with BMP-2. The expression of MEF suppressed the alkaline phosphatase activity and expression induced by BMP-2 stimulation and mediated by Runx2. The expression of MEF also reduces osteocalcin mRNA levels, and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. We found that the MEF-mediated suppression of osteogenic differentiation was critically related to Runx2 regulation. The MEF and Runx2 proteins physically interact to form a complex, and this interaction interferes with Runx2 binding to the cis-acting element OSE2 derived from the osteocalcin promoter. Co-transfection of MEF inhibited the 6xOSE2-luciferase reporter activity induced by Runx2. In addition, MEF stimulated the transcription of a negative mediator Msx2, and a transcriptional repressor, Mab21L1, and suppressed the transcription of a positive mediator, Dlx5 in osteoblast differentiation. MEF overexpression stimulated C2C12 cell proliferation. Together, our findings suggest that MEF promotes cell proliferation and functions as a negative regulator of osteogenic differentiation by directly interacting with Runx2 and suppressing its transcriptional activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 253–260, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Runx2 phosphorylation induced by fibroblast growth factor-2/protein kinase C pathways
Kim, Byung-Gyu,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Park, Hye-Jeong,Kim, Youn-Jeong,Yoon, Won-Joon,Lee, Seung-Jin,Ryoo, Hyun-Mo,Cho, Je-Yoel WILEY-VCH 2006 Proteomics Vol. No.
<P>Runx2 is a key transcription factor in osteoblast differentiation, and its activity is regulated by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Craniosynostosis, characterized by premature suture closure, results from mutations that generate constitutively active FGF receptors (FGFRs). We previously showed that FGF/FGFR-activated protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in the expression and activity of Runx2. Activated PKCδ physically interacts with Runx2 in FGF2-stimulated MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cells. Immunopurified Runx2 protein reacted with PKCδ kinase, and a phosphorylated 1460-Da peptide fragment (amino acids 241–252, 1380-Da) derived from Runx2 was also detected in MS analysis. Computer analysis predicted that Ser247 in this Runx2 can be a possible phosphorylation site by PKCδ. We also showed that Runx2 activity after FGF stimulation correlates with the presence of the Runx2 Ser247 residue. The S247A (Ser → Ala) mutation confers decreased transcriptional activity on a Runx2-responsive promoter after FGF treatment.</P>
Kim, Ji Young,Park, Ji Won,Kim, Seong Yoel 대한물리치료학회 2017 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.29 No.4
Purpose: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a device that activates the sensorimotor cortex through electrodes attached to the surface of the skin. However, it is difficult to expect positive changes if the recipient is not attentive to the motion. To complement the perceived cognitive limitations of FES, we attempted to investigate the changes of sensorimotor cortex activity by simultaneously providing action observation with FES. Methods: Electroencephalogram was measured in 28 healthy volunteers. Relative band power over the sensorimotor cortex was analyzed and compared in three conditions: during rest, during FES alone, during action observation with FES. Results: The results showed significant differences in each relative band power. Relative alpha power and relative beta power were the lowest by application of FES combined with action observation, while the relative gamma power was the highest. Conclusion: These results suggest that combining FES with observation could be more effective than FES alone in neurorehabilitation.