Molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer: understanding of subtype categories and clinical implication

Yong‑Moon Lee,Man Hwan Oh,Jai‑Hyang Go,Kyudong Han,Song‑Yi Choi 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous entity that encompasses several subtypes with distinct molecular characteristics. The patients with TNBCs show unpredictable response to the chemotherapy, and further there is the lack of effective agents. Thus, many studies have been underway to discover targeted therapy suitable for patients with specific genetic alterations in each molecular subtypes. TNBCs are classified as four major molecular subtypes according to the gene expression patterns. These are luminal androgen receptor (LAR), mesenchymal-like, immunomodulatory (IM), and basal-like types. Conclusion: Here, we discuss the unique molecular features of each subtype as well as promising targets for anti-cancer therapy.

한국음악학의 새로운 장을 여는 시도 : 『 한국대중가요사 』

이소영 한국음악사학회 1999 한국음악사학보 Vol.22 No.1

Effects of Variation of Heat Flux Released from the Meniscus on the Surface Shape of the Solidified Shell During Continuous Casting

Yong‑tae Kim,Kyung‑woo Yi 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.12

Mold oscillations, widely used in continuous casting for infiltrating the mold flux between the mold and the solidified shell,change periodically the heat flux from the meniscus to mold. These variations of the heat flux affect the solidification behaviornear an initial solidification position. Because the surface shape of the solidified shell is influenced by the initial solidificationbehavior, it is important to understand the relation between the mold oscillation, the heat flux and initial solidificationbehavior. In the present study, we developed a numerical model that simulates the flow and thermal behavior of the moldflux near the meniscus. Using this model, we analyze the effects of the variations of the heat flux from the meniscus on theinitial solidification position and suggest the formation mechanism of the oscillation marks (OMs) and the hooks. Also, wewill present quantitative results about the depth of the OMs and the length of the hooks at the conditions used in the presentstudy. The factors that influence the hooks’ types and the causes of the irregularity of the shell surface are also discussed.

Improvement of Desulfurization Efficiency via Numerical Simulation Analysis of Transport Phenomena of Kanbara Reactor Process

Yong‑Joon Lee,Kyung‑Woo Yi 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.4

The Kanbara reactor (KR) process is a mechanical stirring method that reacts hot metal with desulfurization flux; it is a widelyimplemented desulfurization method in contemporary steel production. This study aimed to develop a new impeller profilefor improving the desulfurization efficiency of the KR process. We implemented operational data analysis, a computationalfluid dynamics simulation based on the operational data and performed testing and analysis with impeller models on-site aproduction facility. Operational data from the production facility was gathered over a 3-year period. Seven impeller modelswith varying impeller blade width (top and bottom), height, inclination, and curvature (curved, straight, and combination)were simulated. The results were analyzed to determine the optimal conditions. A new impeller design was selected for onsiteoperational testing to investigate the in situ desulfurization efficiency over 350 charges, and the results corroborated thepredictions by the numerical simulations. It is expected that the proposed process modification can be successfully used forimproving industrial desulfurization efficiency.

Effects of the Ultrasound Treatment on Reaction Rates in the RH Processor Water Model System

Yong‑tae Kim,Kyung‑woo Yi 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.1

Ruhrstahl–Heraeus (RH) processor is widely applied to the refining process to produce steel with very low carbon contents. In this study, to investigate the effect of ultrasound treatment on RH decarburization process, we have developed two kinds ofthe water models simulated the RH process and study the removal rate of dissolved oxygen. The one is the RH water modelof 1/8 size of actual RH degasser simulated the late-stage of the RH process when surface reaction and plume reaction mainlyoccur. Through this model, it is found that the ultrasound treatment accelerates dissolved oxygen removal reaction and thistendency is maintained even at low concentrations. Also, the results show that there is a difference in the degassing efficiencydepending on the frequencies and the positions of the ultrasonic transducer. Also, to simulate the Early-stage Reaction ofthe process including the inner-site reaction which is difficult to investigate through the RH water model, the other watermodel has been developed (the RH-ER water model). This model shows that the ultrasound treatment facilitates the earlystagereaction including inner-site reaction, like the RH water model. These results show that the addition of the ultrasoundtreatment can accelerate decarburization reaction during RH process compared to conventional process.

컴퓨터를 활용한 읽기 교수가 지적장애학생의 일견 단어 읽기 기술에 미치는 효과

이성용ㆍ김진호(Yi Seong yongㆍKim Jin ho) 한국특수교육학회 2016 특수교육학연구 Vol.50 No.4

정신분열병 환자에서 가족력, 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형의 관련성에 관한 연구

안용민,김용식,정희연,신지용,윤세창,배안,이중서,주은정,이창인 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 저자들은 태생기 동안에 받는 유전외적 요인, 즉 환경적 요인이 산발성 정신분열병 환자들의 발병에 크게 관여할 것이라고 가정하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 형제 중 1인 이상이 발병하여 가족력을 분명히 알 수 있는 정신분열병 환자군(이하 형제 환자군)과 가족력이 없는 산발성 정신분열병 환자군(이하 산발성 환자군) 및 정상대조군을 대상으로 산과적 합병증, 신체미세기형 및 정신분열병의 임상 양상을 비교하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상은 형제 환자군 43명(남 22명, 여 21명), 산발성 환자군 43명(남 23명, 여 20명), 정상대조군 43명(남 20명, 여 23명)이었다. 산과적 합병증은 Lewis 척도를 이용하여 평가하였고 신체미세기형은 Waldrop 척도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 임상 양상으로서 발병 연령, 병전 기능 수준, 정신병리, 약물에 대한 반응, 회복시의 전반적 기능 수준, 지연성 운동장애의 유무를 평가하였다. 결 과 : 정상대조군과 정신분열병 환자군 전체를 비교하였을 때 산과적 합병증과 신체미세기형의 총점과 각 소항목의 점수에 차이가 없었다. 산발성 환자군과 형제 환자군을 비교하였을 때 산과적 합병증의 전체 점수에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 출생 당시에 태아가 받은 스트레스 항목의 점수가 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 신체미세기형에서는 전체 점수 및 입의 미세기형 점수가 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 신체미세기형의 전체 점수가 4점 이상인 환자수도 산발성 환자군에서 높은 경향성을 보였다. 산과적 합병증과 신체미세기형 사이의 상호 연관성은 찾을 수 없었다. 정신분열병의 임상 양상 중에서는 Krawiecka 척도의 총점 및 양성 증상 점수와 회복시의 전반적 기능 수준만이 형제 환자군에 비해 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 성별에 따라서는 형제 환자군에서 남자 환자의 산과적 합병증이 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형 연구가 정신분열병의 원인을 규명하기 위한 유용한 방법임이 시사되었지만, 가족력, 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형의 관련성에 대해서는 분명한 결론을 내리지 못하였다. The authors hypothesized that sporadic schizophrenic patients had more chances of receiving environmental insults during the fetal neural development compared with familial schizophrenics. We tested our hypothesis by comparing obstetric complications(OCs), minor physical anomalies(MPAs) and other clinical features, and examining the correlation between OCs and MPAs in schizophrenic patients who had one or more sibling with schizophrenia(sibling group) and sporadic schizophrenics(sporadic group) and normal controls. OCs were evaluated by the scale of Lewis, and MPAs were measured by the Waldrop scale. There were no significant difference in OCs and MPAs between schizophrenic and control groups. Sporadic group had significantly higher fetal distress, total Waldrop score and Waldrop score for mouth than sibling group. And there was a tendency that the number of subjects having the Waldrop score over 4 points was greater in the sporadic group. No significant correlation was observed between CCs and MPAs. The scores of initial psychopathology and post-treatment functioning were much higher in the sporadic group, but the other clinical feature showed no difference. Although male patients had more OCs than female patients in sibling group, no sex difference were observed as a whole. Our results suggest that, if the methodological weakness were complemented, OCs and MPAs would be useful tools in the search for the cause of schizophrenia.

일 自動車工場의 粉塵濃度 分布 및 對策에 관한 調査 硏究

이영섭,박종근,김용철 서울産業大學校 産業大學院 1997 大學院論文集 Vol.5 No.-

우리 나라는 유해한 작업환경으로 인하여 직업병이 발생되고 있는 데도 불구하고, 아직도 직업병에 대한 정확한 원인 규명 및 대책 제시가 미흡한 실정이다. 특히 진폐의 경우 많은 연구와 노력이 있었음에도 불구하고 발생 순위에서는 가장 높은 직업병이다. 본 연구에서는 일 자동차 공장의 생산 현장 8개 부서에 대하여 1993년 9월, 1994년 2월, 1994년 8월 등 3회에 걸쳐 공기 중 분진 농도를 측정하고, 적절한 대책을 제시하기 위하여 국소배기장치의 설치 여부 및 그 적정성을 진단, 측정하여 적절한 대책을 강구함으로써 진폐증으로부터 근로자의 건강을 보호하는데 기여하기 위하여 수행하였다. While occupational diseases are caused by harmful working environment, the exact causes and control of occupational diseases are not presented yet in Korea. Especially, pneumoconiosis is the first one in occurrence of occupational diseases in spite of many researches and much efforts. Therefore, this study is conducted to measure the air-borne dust concentrations three times in September 1993, February 1994 and August 1994 and to show the control of dust for 8 departments of a motor vehicle manufacturing factory. In this study the ventilation systems are investigated to be installed appropriate types and the control methods are presented to be contributed to protect workers from pneumoconiosis.

노인의 인터넷 이용 실태 및 활용 만족도

이수원 ; 김용수 김천대학교 2009 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

The diffusion of aging society is the trend of all over. One of the social characteristic of 21th century main current along with aging Information-oriented society has been closely related in the development of In information-oriented society, knowledge and information can be solution society is information-oriented society. human society means of social problem. On the other hand, in aging society, various problem of the elderly is caused Tous socially The elderly are always feeling a sense of alienation. 2 To subtract pain of the elderly, social activity of the elderly is the best method. Because The social activity can be improve pride of the elderly. The purpose of this research is to examine internet utilization actual conditions and practical use satisfaction of the elderly. So, I want to supply the basic data for policy that can help successful aging and development tasks of the elderly.

조부모 의복행동에 대한 청소년의 지각이 조부모에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향

이영숙,김용숙 한국 가정과 교육 학회 2000 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The Purposes of this study were to identify the adolescent's perception to grandparent's clothing behavior, the effects of grandparent's clothing behavior on the attitudes toward their grand Parents, and the variables related to the adolescent's attitudes toward their grandparent affecting grandparent's clothing behavior. The results of this study may Provide the foundations for the continuing family educational material to Promote the grandparent-grandchildren relationship . Questionnaires were distributed to middle and high school students in Chonbuk Province through school teachers from June 9th to 18th, 1999, and 485 Questionnaires were analysed. Frequencies, percentages, factor analysis, Cronbach's α, t-test, F-test, and Duncan's Multiple Range test were used for data analysis. The results were as follows : 1.The adolescent's Perception level of grandparent's clothing behavior was higher when grandparents were younker, healthier, and wealthier, in separate living status, and in case of younger and more female adolescents. In case of separate living status, the adolescent's Perception level was higher when grandparent and adolescent contacted frequently . 2.The adolescent's perception level of grandparent's clothing behavior was favorable when their total attitude toward grandparent was positive, especially in economic, intellectual, personality, and family relation aspects. 3.The effects of the perception of grandparent's clothing behavior on the adolescent attitude toward their grandparent were higher in case of grandmother, female adolescent, and separate living status, less educated, and in worse health status grandparent