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A Survey of the Geographic Distribution of Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Yi Li,Xiao-Liang Wang,Lei Jiao,Yi Jiang,Hui Li,Si-Ping Jiang,Ngarong Lhosumtseiring,Shen-Zhan Fu,Cai-Hong Dong,Yu Zhan,Yi-Jian Yao 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.6
Ophiocordyceps sinensis is one of the best known fungi in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Many efforts have been devoted to locating the production areas of this species resulting in various reports; however, its geographic distribution remains incompletely understood. Distribution of O. sinensis at the county level is clarified in this work based on both a literature search and fieldwork. More than 3600 publications related to O. sinensis were investigated, including scientific papers, books, and online information. Herbarium specimens of O. sinensis and field collections made by this research group during the years 2000-2010 were examined to verify the distribution sites. A total of 203 localities for O. sinensis have been found, of which 106 are considered as confirmed distribution sites, 65 as possible distribution sites, 29 as excluded distribution sites and three as suspicious distribution sites. The results show that O. sinensis is confined to the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions, including Tibet, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces in China and in certain areas of the southern flank of the Himalayas, in the countries of Bhutan, India and Nepal, with 3,000 m as the lowest altitude for the distribution. The fungus is distributed from the southernmost site in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County in northwestern Yunnan Province to the northernmost site in the Qilian Mountains in Qilian County, Qinghai Province, and from the east edge of the Tibetan Plateau in Wudu County, Gansu Province to the westernmost site in Uttarakhand, India. The clarification of the geographic distribution of O. sinensis will lay the foundation for conservation and sustainable use of the species.
Hong-Yan Zhao,Wei Liu,Yi Wang,Nannan Dai,Jian-Hong Gu,Yan Yuan,Xue-Zhong Liu,Jian-Chun Bian,Zong-Ping Liu 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.3
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) induces apoptosis in osteoblasts (OBs); however, little information is available regarding the specific mechanismsof Cd-induced primary rat OB apoptosis. In this study, Cd reduced cell viability, damaged cell membranes and induced apoptosis in OBs. We observed decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potentials, ultrastructure collapse, enhanced caspase-3 activity, and increasedconcentrations of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 following Cd treatment. Cd also increased the phosphorylationof p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in OBs. Pretreatment with the caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126), p38 inhibitor(SB203580) and JNK inhibitor (SP600125) abrogated Cd-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, Cd-treated OBs exhibited signs of oxidativestress protection, including increased antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase levels and decreased formationof reactive oxygen species. Taken together, the results of our study clarified that Cd has direct cytotoxic effects on OBs, which are mediatedby caspase- and MAPK pathways in Cd-induced apoptosis of OBs.
Energy Generation Coupled to Azoreduction by Membranous Vesicles from Shewanella decolorationis S12
( Yi Guo Hong ),( Jun Guo ),( Guo Ping Sun ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2009 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.19 No.1
Previous studies have demonstrated that Shewanella decolorationis S12 can grow on the azo compound amaranth as the sole electron acceptor. Thus, to explore the mechanism of energy generation in this metabolism, membranous vesicles (MVs) were prepared and the mechanism of energy generation was investigated. The membrane, which was fragmentized during preparation, automatically formed vesicles ranging from 37.5-112.5 nm in diameter under electron micrograph observation. Energy was conserved when coupling the azoreduction by the MVs of an azo compound or Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor with H2, formate, or lactate as the electron donor. The amaranth reduction by the vesicles was found to be inhibited by specific respiratory inhibitors, including Cu2+ ions, dicumarol, stigmatellin, and metyrapone, indicating that the azoreduction was indeed a respiration reaction. This finding was further confirmed by the fact that the ATP synthesis was repressed by the ATPase inhibitor N,N`-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). Therefore, this study offers solid evidence of a mechanism of microbial dissimilatory azoreduction on a subcell level.
( Hong Chen Zheng ),( Yi Han Liu ),( Xiao Guang Liu ),( Jian Ling Wang ),( Ying Han ),( Fu Ping Lu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.7
High levels of xylanase activity (143.98 IU/ml) produced by the newly isolated Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1 were detected when it was cultivated in a synthetic medium. A thermostable xylanase, designated XynG1-1, from P. campinasensis G1-1 was purified to homogeneity by Octyl-Sepharose hydrophobic-interaction chromatography, Sephadex G75 gel-filter chromatography, and Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, consecutively. By multistep purification, the specific activity of XynG1-1 was up to 1,865.5 IU/mg with a 9.1-fold purification. The molecular mass of purified XynG1-1 was about 41.3 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Sequence analysis revealed that XynG1-1 containing 377 amino acids encoded by 1,134 bp genomic sequences of P. campinasensis G1-1 shared 96% homology with XylX from Paenibacillus campinasensis BL11 and 77%~78% homology with xylanases from Bacillus sp. YA- 335 and Bacillus sp. 41M-1, respectively. The activity of XynG1-1 was stimulated by Ca2+, Ba2+, DTT, and β- mercaptoethanol, but was inhibited by Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, SDS, and EDTA. The purified XynG1-1 displayed a greater affinity for birchwood xylan, with an optimal temperature of 60oC and an optimal pH of 7.5. The fact that XynG1-1 is cellulose-free, thermostable (stability at high temperature of 70oC~80oC), and active over a wide pH range (pH 5.0~9.0) suggests that the enzyme is potentially valuable for various industrial applications, especially for pulp bleaching pretreatment.
( Yong Ping Zhang ),( Yi Li Zhang ),( Yan Hong Zhou ),( Jing Quan Yu ) 한국식물학회 2007 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.50 No.5
To investigate their response to changes in substrate temperatures, the roots from six species of cucurbit plants were exposed to 14℃, 24℃, or 34℃, while their aerial portions were maintained at natural ambient temperatures (23℃ to 33℃). These species could be classified into three groups based on their stress response: Group A, Cucurbita ficifolia and C. maxima, heatsensitive but cold-tolerant; Group B, Cucumis sativus and C. melo, heat- and cold-sensitive; and Group C, Luffa cylindrica and Benincasa hispida, heat-tolerant but cold-sensitive. The highest growth rates and lowest contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) for plants in Groups A, B, and C were achieved at temperatures of 14℃, 24℃, and 24℃ to 34℃, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was lowest in the roots exposed to optimal growth temperatures while activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) operated coordinately in a complicated manner to prevent the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root cells. Moreover, all plants, regardless of species, responded to unfavorable temperatures by increasing their synthesis of ascorbate and glutathione as well as by reducing the redox ratio of those two important antioxidants.
Yong-Hong Lan,Bin Wu,Yi-Ping Luo 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.2
This paper presents a PI-type iterative learning control (ILC) law with initial state learning for a class of α (0 < α ≤ 1) fractional order linear systems. First, by using backward difference method, the finite difference approximation of the fractional order derivative is obtained, which leads to globally 2−α order accuracy. Then, a PIILC law is constructed at the nodes and the convergence analysis of the iterative scheme is proved. A new sufficient condition is derived to guarantee that the tracking error is asymptotical convergent. The obtained convergence condition is fractional order dependent and is less conservative than the existing one. Most of the classical ILC conditions for fractional order linear systems fall into the special case of this paper. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Xiao-Ping Peng,Wei-Ming Zhu,Yi Wang,Pei-Pei Liu,Kui Hong,Hao Chen,Xia Yin 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.6
A new cyclopentanopyridine alkaloid, 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-5,6-dihydro-7H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-7-one (1), together with 11 known aromatic compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of the halotolerant fungal strain Wallemia sebi PXP-89 in 10% NaCl. Their structures including the absolute configurations of (2S,3S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane-2,3-diol (2), (2R,3S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane-2,3-diol (3), and (S)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-one (4) were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and a modified Mosher’s method. Compound 1 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes with a MIC of 76.7 μM. The absolute configurations of compounds 2-4 were determined for the first time.
Da-Hong Li,Ping Hu,Sheng-tao Xu,Chun-yan Fang,Shuang Tang,Xin-yu Wang,Xing-yan Sun,He Lian,Ying Xu,Xiao-ke Gu,Jin-yi Xu 대한약학회 2017 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.40 No.7
Herein, a series of lasiokaurin derivatives were designed and synthesized. All the derivatives together with lasiokaurin and oridonin were tested for their antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity. Compound 16 showed the most promising antimicrobial activity with MICs of 2.0 and 1.0 lg/mL against Gram-Positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis, respectively. All the synthetic lasiokaurin derivatives showed better antiproliferative activity than parent compound lasiokaurin 1. Compound 10 exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 0.47 and 0.20 lM against MGC-803 and CaEs-17 cells, accordingly. Moreover, it was shown to have potent antitumor activity in vivo in a murine model of MGC-803 gastric cancer. Preliminary SARs were also concluded based on obtained data. The apoptosis-inducing effects of 10 were further investigated using CaEs-17 cells. The results showed that lasiokaurin derivative 10 could induce apoptosis via mitochondria related pathway and arrest CaEs-17 cell cycle at S phase. Compound 10 could also affect apoptosisrelated proteins that was up-regulation of CDK2 and downregulation of ATM and cyclin A1.