HCV-Specific Interleukin-21+CD4+ T Cells Responses Associated with Viral Control through the Modulation of HCV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Function in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Guo-Hua Feng,Fu-Sheng Wang,Ji-Yuan Zhang,Qing-Lei Zeng,Lei Jin,Junliang Fu,Bin Yang,Ying Sun,Tianjun Jiang,Xiangsheng Xu,Zheng Zhang,Jinhong Yuan,Liyuan Wu 한국분자세포생물학회 2013 Molecules and cells Vol.36 No.4

Interleukin-21 (IL-21)+CD4+ T cells are involved in the immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV) by secreting IL-21. However, the role of IL-21+CD4+ T cells in the immune response against chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-21+CD4+ T cells in CHC patients and the potential mechanisms. The study subjects in-cluded nineteen CHC patients who were grouped by viral load (low, < 106 RNA copies/ml, n = 8; high, > 106 RNA copies/ml, n = 11). The peripheral frequency of HCV-specific IL-21+CD4+ T cells was higher in the low viral load group and was negatively correlated with the serum HCV RNA viral load in all CHC patients. Meanwhile, IL-21+ cells accumulated in the liver in the low viral load group. In vitro, IL-21 treatment increased the expression of proliferation markers and cytolytic molecules on HCV-specific CD8+ T cells. In summary, these findings suggest that HCV-specific IL-21+CD4+ T cells might contribute to HCV control by rescuing HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in CHC patients.

EFFECT OF CHARGE DENSITY ON SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS, COMBUSTION PROCESS, AND EMISSIONS OF HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL ENGINES

Bin Yang Wu,Qiang Zhan,Xiao Yang Yu,Wen Yu Gu,Min Zhang,Wanhua Su 한국자동차공학회 2018 International journal of automotive technology Vol.19 No.4

In-cylinder charge density at top dead center is an important parameter of diesel engines and is influenced by intake pressure, intake temperature, and compression ratio. The effects of charge density on fuel spray, combustion process, and emissions were investigated by using a constant volume bomb and a heavy-duty diesel engine. Spray development resistance increased with the increase of the charge density in the constant volume bomb. It was found that short spray penetration was accompanied by a large spray cone angle in the former stage with high charge density. However, the equivalence ratio was lowered and the degree of homogeneity of the mixture was increased in the later stage owing to the rapid interaction of fuel and gas at a high mixing rate. Combining the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics for analysis, as the charge density increased, the gross indicated thermal efficiency (ITEg) was improved. However, pumping loss had to be considered with higher charge density. Under this condition, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) trend was increased initially and decreased subsequently. Under high-load operation (1200 r/min BMEP, 2.0 MPa), the minimum charge density value of 44.8 kg/m3 was found to be reasonable. This charge density was suitable for combustion and brought about minimum exhaust energy and trade-off emissions. Moreover, by analyzing two operation conditions in terms of the maximum BTE with the Miller and the conventional cycles, compression temperature and combustion temperature were reduced in the Miller cycle with the charge density 44.8 kg/m3. A high C p/C v could improve the cylinder exergy/power conversion process by its positive effect of increasing the specific heat ratio. Owing to the interaction between a high C p/C v and exergy loss to heat transfer, the condition with the minimal charge density could produce more piston work.

A Convenient Dual-Side Anionic Initiator Based on 2,6-Luditine/s-Butyl Lithium

Wu Bin Ying,고나영,Chen Kai Yao,곽노훈,Ruoyu Zhang,이경진,이범재 한국고분자학회 2019 Macromolecular Research Vol.27 No.6

A novel convenient dual-side initiator of lutidine dianion for anionic polymerization has been investigated in terms of their initiation and propagation kinetics. This lutidine dianion could be synthesized in quantitative yields reacting commercial products of 2,6-lutidine with sec-butyl lithium without any complex organic synthesis, and could be used effectively as the dual-side initiator to synthesize polyisoprene with various molecular weights via living anionic polymerization. In addition, this lutidine dianion can produce 50% of 1.4-microstructure contents in polyisoprene which is very important for elastomeric property of polydienes. All experimental evidences showed the living property and were consistent with quantitative yields without any side reactions when the anionic living polymerization proceeded using lutidine dianion as the initiator.

A management strategy for solar panel - battery - super capacitor hybrid energy system in solar car

Bin Wu,Fang Zhuo,Fei Long,Weiwei Gu,Yang Qing,YanQin Liu 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

This paper presents an application of solar energy - battery - super-capacitor hybrid energy storage system in solar electric vehicles. The key point is the proposed energy management control algorithm. The entire system consists of a solar panel, a boost converter, a battery, a super capacitor, a bi-directional DC/DC converter, and a brushless DC motor. This paper gives the details of the control strategy to cooperate the three energy sources or storage devices: solar panel, battery and super capacitor. A hysteretic control algorithm for battery charging by solar panel is given. A novel control method for bi-directional DC/DC is proposed to keep the battery discharging current within a certain limit and make full use of super capacitor. The switching transient between super-capacitor charging mode and discharging mode is also presented. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Detecting Malicious Social Robots with Generative Adversarial Networks

( Bin Wu ),( Le Liu ),( Zhengge Dai ),( Xiujuan Wang ),( Kangfeng Zheng ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.11

Malicious social robots, which are disseminators of malicious information on social networks, seriously affect information security and network environments. The detection of malicious social robots is a hot topic and a significant concern for researchers. A method based on classification has been widely used for social robot detection. However, this method of classification is limited by an unbalanced data set in which legitimate, negative samples outnumber malicious robots (positive samples), which leads to unsatisfactory detection results. This paper proposes the use of generative adversarial networks (GANs) to extend the unbalanced data sets before training classifiers to improve the detection of social robots. Five popular oversampling algorithms were compared in the experiments, and the effects of imbalance degree and the expansion ratio of the original data on oversampling were studied. The experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved better detection performance compared with other algorithms in terms of the F1 measure. The GAN method also performed well when the imbalance degree was smaller than 15%.

Synthesis of Clickable Poly[2-(3-butenyl)-2-oxazoline]/Nylon-6,6 Fiber

Wu Bin Ying,Sohee Kim,Min Woo Lee,Kyung Jin Lee,Bum Jae Lee 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Nonlinear resonance of porous functionally graded nanoshells with geometrical imperfection

Wu-Bin Shan,Gui-Lin She 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.88 No.4

Employing the non-local strain gradient theory (NSGT), this paper investigates the nonlinear resonance characteristics of functionally graded material (FGM) nanoshells with initial geometric imperfection for the first time. The effective material properties of the porous FGM nanoshells with even distribution of porosities are estimated by a modified power-law model. With the guidance of Love’s thin shell theory and considering initial geometric imperfection, the strain equations of the shells are obtained. In order to characterize the small-scale effect of the nanoshells, the nonlocal parameter and strain gradient parameter are introduced. Subsequently, the Euler-Lagrange principle was used to derive the motion equations. Considering three boundary conditions, the Galerkin principle combined with the modified Lindstedt Poincare (MLP) method are employed to discretize and solve the motion equations. Finally, the effects of initial geometric imperfection, functional gradient index, strain gradient parameters, non-local parameters and porosity volume fraction on the nonlinear resonance of the porous FGM nanoshells are examined.

Stability Analysis for Time-delay Systems with Nonlinear Disturbances via New Generalized Integral Inequalities

Bin Wu,Chang-Long Wang,Yong-Jiang Hu,Xiao-Lin Ma 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.6

This paper represents a novel less conservative stability criterion for time-delay systems with nonlinear disturbances. The main purpose is to obtain larger upper bound of the time-varying delay. A suitable Lyapunov- Krasovskii functional (LKF) with triple integral terms is constructed. Then, two new generalized double integral (GDI) inequalities are proposed which encompass Wirtinger-based double inequality as a special case. A simple case of the proposed GDI inequality is utilized to estimate double integral terms in the time derivative of the constructed LKF. Further, an improved delay-dependent stability criterion is derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the improvement of the proposed criteria.

EFFECT OF HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS ON PARTICLE NUMBER AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION AT LOW SPEED CONDITION

Bin Yang Wu,Qiang Zhang,Shun Kai Zhang,Xiao Kun Nie,Yu Han Li,Wanhua Su 한국자동차공학회 2018 International journal of automotive technology Vol.19 No.4

Experiments and simulations were used to investigate the effect of a range of engine operating parameters and fuel characteristics on the particle size and particle number (PN) concentration at low speed and idle speed condition. The occurrence, size, and concentration of particles were tested against a range of parameters including start of injection (SOI), common rail pressure, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) ratio and load. The results showed that the homogeneity of the mixture had the greatest impact on particle size and number concentration. The performance of particle is different at different levels of load. The particle were of nucleation mode at idle condition, and the cold idle particles had a slightly larger diameter than those produced at hot idle. By using the diesel and under high load, at EGR ratios of less than 20 %, most particles were of nucleation mode. At EGR ratios exceeding 20 %, nucleation-mode particles were gradually replaced by accumulation-mode particles. At EGR ratios above 30 %, most particles were of the accumulation mode. Under the same load, gasoline compression ignition produced particles of smaller size and reduced particulate mass (PM). The use of gasoline extended ignition delay, as the high volatility and octane number of the fuel improved the homogeneity of the mixture. Finally, a linear relationship was found between PM and PN. The relative contribution of the different factors to the formation of nucleationor accumulation-mode particles was investigated.

Development of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop for the Sensitive Determination of Trace Copper in Water and Beverage Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Wu, Chunxia,Zhao, Bin,Li, Yingli,Wu, Qiuhua,Wang, Chun,Wang, Zhi Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.3

A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) has been developed as a new approach for the extraction of trace copper in water and beverage samples followed by the determination with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In the DLLME-SFO, 8-hydroxy quinoline, 1-dodecanol, and methanol were used as chelating agent, extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, respectively. The experimental parameters related to the DLLME-SFO such as the type and volume of the extraction and dispersive solvent, extraction time, sample volume, the concentration of chelating agent and salt addition were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factor for copper was 122. The method was linear in the range from 0.5 to $300\;ng\;mL^{-1}$ of copper in the samples with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9996 and a limit of detection of $0.1\;ng\;mL^{-1}$. The method was applied to the determination of copper in water and beverage samples. The recoveries for the spiked water and beverage samples at the copper concentration levels of 5.0 and $10.0\;ng\;mL^{-1}$ were in the range between 92.0% and 108.0%. The relative standard deviations (RSD) varied from 3.0% to 5.6%.