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ADVANTAGES OF THE AKARI FIR ALL-SKY MAPS
YASUO DOI,SATOSHI TAKITA,TAKAFUMI OOTSUBO,KO ARIMATSU,MASAHIRO TANAKA,TAKAHIRO MORISHIMA,MITSUNOBU KAWADA,SHUJI MATSUURA,YOSHIMI KITAMURA,MAKOTO HATTORI,TAKAO NAKAGAWA,GLENN WHITE,NORIO IKEDA 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1
We present the {\it AKARI} far-infrared (FIR) all-sky maps and describe its characteristics, calibration accuracy and scientific capabilities. The {\it AKARI} FIR survey has covered 97\% of the whole sky in four photometric bands, which cover continuously 50--180 micron with band central wavelengths of 65, 90, 140, and 160 microns. The data have been publicly released in 2014 \citep{2015PASJ...67...50D} with improved data quality that have been achieved since the last internal data release \citep{2012PKAS...27..111D}. The accuracy of the absolute intensity is $\leq10$\% for the brighter regions. Quantitative analysis of the relative intensity accuracy and its dependence upon spatial scan numbers has been carried out. The data for the first time reveal the whole sky distribution ofinterstellar matter with arcminute-scale spatial resolutions at the peakof dust continuum emission, enabling us to investigate large-scaledistribution of interstellar medium in great detail. The filamentarystructure covering the whole sky is well traced by the all-sky maps. We describe advantages of the AKARI FIR all-sky maps for the study of interstellar matter comparing to other observational data.
Cost Analysis of Community Bus System Operations in Japan
Yasuo Tomita,Kouki Iwamoto 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2009 도시과학국제저널 Vol.13 No.2
In Japan, many community bus systems were already in operation when the bus service industry was deregulated in 2002. Most of these services depend on subsidies from the local municipalities and many of them have now been forced to discontinue due to budget cuts of the subsidizing local governments. As a case study of a successful operation of a community bus system, the cost analysis of Sumiyoshidai Kurukuru Bus system in Kobe, Japan, which is operated without public subsidy, has been performed. In the cost analysis, formulas for estimating various costs, which are applicable to other bus services, are proposed. From the cost analysis and the sensitivity analysis of Kurukuru Bus, the reasons for its success have been found to be its relatively short service length of eight kilometers and lower level of driver wages. In Japan, many community bus systems were already in operation when the bus service industry was deregulated in 2002. Most of these services depend on subsidies from the local municipalities and many of them have now been forced to discontinue due to budget cuts of the subsidizing local governments. As a case study of a successful operation of a community bus system, the cost analysis of Sumiyoshidai Kurukuru Bus system in Kobe, Japan, which is operated without public subsidy, has been performed. In the cost analysis, formulas for estimating various costs, which are applicable to other bus services, are proposed. From the cost analysis and the sensitivity analysis of Kurukuru Bus, the reasons for its success have been found to be its relatively short service length of eight kilometers and lower level of driver wages.