Regulation of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis by Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 6

오경식,김시령,이은숙,윤진,류현경,김동섭,Seung-Whan Kim,Min-Kyung Shin 한국분자세포생물학회 2022 Molecules and cells Vol.45 No.4

Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6) is a transcriptional coactivator of nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. A general Ncoa6 knockout mouse was previously shown to be embryonic lethal, but we here generated liver-specific Ncoa6 knockout (Ncoa6 LKO) mice to investigate the metabolic function of NCOA6 in the liver. These Ncoa6 LKO mice exhibited similar blood glucose and insulin levels to wild type but showed improvements in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and pyruvate tolerance. The decrease in glucose production from pyruvate in these LKO mice was consistent with the abrogation of the fasting-stimulated induction of gluconeogenic genes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc). The forskolin-stimulated inductions of Pck1 and G6pc were also dramatically reduced in primary hepatocytes isolated from Ncoa6 LKO mice, whereas the expression levels of other gluconeogenic gene regulators, including cAMP response element binding protein (Creb), forkhead box protein O1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, were unaltered in the LKO mouse livers. CREB phosphorylation via fasting or forskolin stimulation was normal in the livers and primary hepatocytes of the LKO mice. Notably, it was observed that CREB interacts with NCOA6. The transcriptional activity of CREB was found to be enhanced by NCOA6 in the context of Pck1 and G6pc promoters. NCOA6-dependent augmentation was abolished in cAMP response element (CRE) mutant promoters of the Pck1 and G6pc genes. Our present results suggest that NCOA6 regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis by modulating glucagon/cAMP-dependent gluconeogenic gene transcription through an interaction with CREB.

사례형 형사법

오경식 고시계사 2015 考試界 Vol.60 No.10

판례 분석을 통한 형법상 내란죄의 재해석 - 대법원 2014도10978을 중심으로 -

오경식 한국교정학회 2015 矯正硏究 Vol.- No.68

The Supreme Court (the Supreme Court 2014. do 10978) acquitted the 53-year-old Lee O O of charges that he had conspired to plot the rebellion, and only found him guilty of instigating the members to stage the rebellion. The Supreme Court upheld a nine-year sentence for a former lawmaker convicted of inciting rebellion in the event of a war with North Korea. Lee OO, a key member of the now-disbanded United Progressive Party, was found guilty of inciting an armed rebellion to overthrow the government, but not guilty of plotting one. In its ruling, the nation’s highest court drew a distinction between inciting a rebellion and plotting a rebellion. At Lee’s first trial, he was found guilty of both charges. On appeal, he was found guilty only of inciting a rebellion, and was given a nine-year sentence. The Supreme Court ruling upheld that sentence, applying a strict definition of plotting a rebellion in finding LeeOO not guilty of plotting a rebellion. The prosecutors alleged that at a May meeting about 130 members of the clandestine Revolutionary Organization and Lee OO discussed plans to destroy key infrastructure in South Korea in the event of an inter-Korean war. The court found that there was not enough evidence to conclude that the participants in the May meeting came to a decision on the details of the rebellion, and acquitted Lee OO of the conspiracy charge. The Supreme Court ruling said there was insufficient evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt the existence of the RO, given that the proof of the group’s existence was based solely on the testimony of informants. This runs counter to the Constitutional Court’s ruling that acknowledged the RO’s existence and ordered the disbanding of the United Progressive Party. The Constitutional Court’s decision was controversial due to the timing of the ruling, coming as it did before the Supreme Court ruling on Lee OO’s case. The Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court’s conclusions about the RO’s existence will be debated for some time to come. However, the courts’ decisions must be accepted in a democracy where the rule of law prevails. “But to constitute the crime of plotting a rebellion, the agreement on the targets of the rebellion and the actual danger should be recognized. But the evidence is insufficient to recognize that the defendants conspired to subvert the government or prepare for (a revolt).” The court added that should the crime of plotting a revolt be constituted when there are only simple exchanges of views on a revolt, this could undermine people’s basic rights and freedom of thought and expression. 내란죄의 보호법익은 국가의 존립과 헌법질서, 국가의 내적 안전 등이다. 보호의정도는 추상적 위험범이며, 국헌문란 목적이 필요한 진정목적범이다. 본죄의 주체는제한이 없으나 상당히 조직화된 다수인이다. 내란죄와 관련된 범죄인정과 처벌은 미수와 내란준비행위(예비·음모·선동·선전) 의 불법성과 가벌성이다. 음모란 2인 이상의 자가 통모·합의하는 것이다. 음모는 아직 물적 준비행위에도 이르지 못한 단계이다. 예비는 유형적 준비행위 즉 물적 준비행위임의 단계로 보는 것이 다수설이며, 음모는 예비행위에 선행하는 범죄단계라하는 것이 대법원의 입장(86도437 판결)이다. 내란음모죄와 내란선동죄에서 음모와 선동의 시간적 순서와 관련해서 먼저 음모단계 이후 음모를 행한 주체가 선동으로 나아갈 수 있으나 음모를 행하지 않은 경우 선동으로 나아갈 수는 없다고 본다. 따라서 내란선동죄의 범행의 주체는 이미 최소한 범행의 음모단계가 확정된 자라 할 수 있다. 내란선동죄를 인정하고 내란음모죄를 부정한 본 판례는 문제가 있다고 생각한다. 우리 형법에 다른 대부분의 범죄와 달리 내란 예비·음모·선동 등의 처벌규정을 두고 있는 이유는 국가의 존립과 관련된 중대한 범죄인만큼 실행 착수 전의 내란 준비 행위를 예비·음모·선동·선전 단계부터 적극적으로 처벌할 필요와 국가의 존립과 안전을 침해·위태롭게 하는 행위로부터 국가와 국민을 보호하려는 적극적 입법취지를 나타낸 것이라 해석된다. 다른 범죄의 예비·음모·선동·선전의 행위 보다 처벌의 범위를 좁게 해석해서 처벌을 어렵게 하려는 것이 아니라, 형법의 일반론적 해석과 동일한 해석기준에 따라 내란죄의 준비단계행위에 대한 불법성과 가벌성을 세분하여 인정함으로써 적극적으로 처벌의 당위성을 밝힌 규정으로 볼 수 있다.

性犯罪者 電子監視制度에 대한 運用과 問題點에 대한 硏究

오경식 한국교정학회 2014 矯正硏究 Vol.- No.63

This study focuses on the electronic monitoring system on sex offenders. Theelectronic monitoring system was introduced to prevent any recurrence of sexualabuse of those who are highly probable of committimg crimes again. The system iseffective in that it satisfies the desire to punish criminals, relieves theoverpopulation of reformative institutions and results in the social-defense. The Correction Program is a non-custodial sentence or a means of substitutingpunitive measures which covers probation, parole, supervised release, communityservice, and attendance center order. The Protective Supervision System’s specialcase clause that prohibits the sentence of electronic anklet and probation to sexualoffenders should initially be deleted. The electronic monitoring system uses satellites to track offenders. Each offenderwears an ankle bracelet and carries a wireless positioning device that periodicallytransmits the location of the offender. If the offender tampers with the positioningdevice or enters a prohibited area, the device electronically alerts authorities. WithGPS tracking, the monitoring system can identify the location of any given offenderat any given moment. This system is adopted to sex offenders in Korea since 2007. However, in thepurpose of crime prevention there is a legal disposition similar to that of probation in the Legal System. The laws are intended to place tougher restrictions onconvicted sexual predators. The laws are also intended to protect children from sexoffenders, However, there is concern that the constitutional rights of offendersmight be violated. For example, the electric monitoring could infringe on anoffender's rights to privacy and equality. This system will be functioned only as a security-measure. Sex offenders withelectric monitoring system will be restricted in their freedom and citizens will besafe from criminal danger. 본 논문에서는 전자감시의 개념과 방법, 전자감시의 효과성 및 정당성을 기반으로 전자감시제도의 현황과 그 문제점을 살펴보았다. 징역형 종료 이후의 전자장치부착명령은 가택구금과 결합하지 않고 징역형 집행 종료자에 대한 독립적 보안처분의 성격을 가지며, 자유제한적 측면을 가지고 있어 보안처분 중 자유제한적 보호관찰과 비슷한 성격을 가지고 있다. 집행유예 대상자나 가석방(가종료)자에 대한 위치추적 전자장치 부착명령제도는보호관찰의 유효성을 높이는 보조수단으로 보안처분의 일종으로 보는 것이 타당하다. 전자감시제도는 시설 내 구금에 비하여 더 많은 사회적응의 기회를 갖게 하며, 행동의 자유도 어느 정도 부여할 수 있다는 점에서 인간의 존엄성에 대한 침해라고까지는 할 수 없다. 전자감시제도는 보호감호제도와 거의 동일한 요건을 전제로 이미 위헌의 소지로폐지된 보호감호제도의 전자적 부활이라는 비판과 이중처벌금지의 원칙에 반한다는비판이 있으나, 보호감호제도와는 그 성격과 처우형태가 다르며 사후적 처분인 형벌과 구별되어 그 본질을 달리하는 것으로서 형벌에 관한 일사부재리의 원칙이 그대로 적용되지 않으므로, 이중처벌이라고 할 수는 없다. 최근 법무부는 자체 보유한 범죄자별 상세 데이터를 활용하여 범죄 징후 사전알림시스템 개발을 위한 청사진 설계(범죄자별 프로파일링 분석 기법, 시스템 구현방식 등)에 착수하여 한층 더 업그레이드된 전자감시제도의 시행을 앞두고 있어 범죄예방에 더 크게 기여 할 것으로 본다.

성균관대기계공학부최고의 학술동아리, ‘SCOPE’

오경식 대한기계학회 2009 기계저널 Vol.49 No.8

형사사법절차에서의 진술거부권에 대한 연구 : 증인으로서의 피해자와 신문의 대상으로서의 피의자·피고인을 중심으로

오경식 한국피해자학회 2011 被害者學硏究 Vol.19 No.1

There has been a long history of trying to protect and increase the rights of the accused and the defendant. During this long history, the criminal victims were kept at a distance from the judicial system. To the present, the crime victims are more important than the accused and defendant in judicial system. The amendment of the criminal procedure law elevates the victim's right in the judicial system. But the most important thing in criminal proceeding is a fair trial. A fair trial is when there is a balance between the prosecutor and the defendant. According to the criminal procedure law, the right of the prosecution to question the defendant can exclude the right of the defendant to remain silent, because current law recognizes the right of the prosecution and defence attorney to question independently from the right of the defendant to remain silent. The prosecuting attorney can question the defendant only if they tell that he does not have to answer all the questions. But the decision is up to the defendant whether to refuses all questions from the beginning to the end, or to partly reply and partly refuses. Therefore this article attempts to analyze 'the right to take part in trial' of the victims' and 'the right to remain silent' of the defendants in criminal proceeding.

犯罪實行의 着手

吳慶植 연세법학회 1992 연세법학 Vol.2 No.-

보호수용 조건부 가석방제도 도입을 제안하며

오경식 한국법무보호복지학회 2022 법무보호연구 Vol.8 No.2

The parole system refers to the case where a person who is in prison or imprisonment is well-behaved and has a clear remorse, 20 years for life imprisonment and 1/3 of the term for limited imprisonment, and if a fine or minor fine is concurrently imposed, it is an administrative disposition if it is paid in full. It is a system in which a person is conditionally released before the expiration of the sentence, and when a certain period of time has elapsed without being revoked or lapsed, the execution of the sentence is regarded as complete. In this parole system, when it is judged that the purpose of punishment has been achieved because the intention of reversal is remarkable during the execution of the sentence, unnecessary execution of the sentence is stopped and the return to society is accelerated. It is intended to promote it. In order to introduce the conditional release system in protective custody, an elaborate program must be prepared. In addition to the government's role in helping parolees return to society, there should also be various roles from the private sector. With the introduction of parole under conditions of confinement, it is necessary to expand the subject of parole examination and acceptance criteria stipulated in the current Criminal Act and related laws, and to comprehensively expand the parole system so that there is no relative discrimination against those subject to parole with a low risk of recidivism. Through this, it is possible to partially solve the problem of overcrowding of correctional institutions in Korea, and it is necessary to prepare various experts and programs. 가석방제도란 징역이나 금고의 집행 중에 있는 자가 행상이 양호하여 뉘우침이 뚜렷한 때에는 무기형은 20년, 유기형은 형기의 3분의 1이 지난 후 벌금이나과료가 병과되어 있는 경우 이를 완납한 경우 행정처분으로 형기만료 전에 조건부로 석방하고, 이것이 취소 또는 실효됨이 없이 일정기간을 경과한 때에는 형의 집행이 종료된 것으로 간주하는 제도이다. 이러한 가석방제도는 형의 집행 중개전의 정이 현저하여 형벌의 목적이 달성되었다고 판단되는 경우 불필요한 형의 집행을 중단하고 사회복귀를 앞당기는 동시에 행형과정에서 수형자 자신의사회복귀를 위한 자발적이고 적극적인 노력을 촉진하려는데 그 취지가 있다. 보호수용 조건부 가석방 제도 도입을 위해서는 정교한 프로그램이 마련되어있어야 한다. 가석방자에 대한 사회복귀에 정부의 역할과 함께 다양한 민간의 역할 등도 있어야 한다. 보호수용조건부 가석방의 도입으로 현행 형법과 관련법에 규정되어 있는 가석방 심사대상과 허용기준의 확대와 재범위험성이 낮은 가석방대상자에 대한 상대적 차별이 되지 않도록 가석방제도의 전면적인 확대가 필요하다. 이를 통해서우리나라의 고질적인 교정기관의 과밀수용의 문제를 일부 해소할 수 있으며, 다양한 전문가와 프로그램을 마련할 필요가 있다.

일본교정사회복지의 현황

오경식 한국교정학회 1994 한국교정학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.1994 No.4

信用카드 취득과 관련된 信用카드犯罪

吳慶植 한국교정학회 1994 矯正硏究 Vol.- No.4