Effectively remediating spiramycin from production wastewater through hydrolyzing its functional groups using solid superacid TiO₂/SO₄

Yang, Wen,Ok, Yong Sik,Dou, Xiaomin,Zhang, Yu,Yang, Min,Wei, Dongbin,Xu, Peng Elsevier 2019 Environmental research Vol.175 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Breaking down the structural bonds and eliminating the functional groups are more efficient than destroying the whole molecule in antibiotic production wastewater (APW) pretreatment before further biotreatment. Two sulfated titania (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/SO<SUB>4</SUB>) solid superacids, SSA1 and SSA2 were synthesized, characterized and used for hydrolytic pretreatment of spiramycin in APW. Spiramycin removal followed an order of SSA2>SSA1>TiO<SUB>2</SUB>≈pH = 3>control. The hydrolytic efficiencies increased at elevated temperature from 25 °C to 65 °C. The hydrolytic kinetics followed a first-order model and SSA2 performed the fastest. The performances were positively correlated with both the total acidity determined by <I>n</I>-butylamine titration and the strength of acid sites measured by NH<SUB>3</SUB>-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The residual solution for SSA2 presented the least antibacterial potency and anaerobic inhibition among all treatments. The hydrolyzed product was identified as the <I>m/z</I> 699.4321 fragment using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, which was formed after losing a functional mycarose moiety from the parent molecular. The solid superacids were effective in selectively eliminating 433 mg/L of spiramycin and the antibacterial potencies of the spiramycin production wastewater, which contained very high concentrations of COD (33,000 mg/L). This hydrolytic method avoids using and handling hazardous and corrosive mineral acids on site. It is attractive as a selective catalytic pretreatment method to cleave antibiotics’ functional groups and to reduce its inhibitory effects before sequential biotreatments.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Solid superacids were made by calcining the reaction products of H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> and titania. </LI> <LI> Functional group breakage was catalyzed by the acid sites of solid superacids. </LI> <LI> The Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites all contributed to the hydrolytic reaction. </LI> <LI> The antibacterial potency and the anaerobic inhibition were effectively decreased. </LI> <LI> Superacids performed well in hydrolytic pretreatment of the production wastewater. </LI> </UL> </P>

Fabrication of spherical biochar by a two-step thermal process from waste potato peel

Yang, Xiao,Kwon, Eilhann E.,Dou, Xiaomin,Zhang, Ming,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Ok, Yong Sik Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.626 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of this study was to develop a new approach for the preparation of spherical biochar (SBC) by employing a two-step thermal technology to potato peel waste (PPW). Potato starch (PS), as a carbon-rich material with microscale spherical shape, was separated from PPW as a precursor to synthesizing SBC. The synthesis process comprised (1) pre-oxidization (preheating under air) of PS at 220 °C and (2) subsequent pyrolysis of the pretreated sample at 700 °C. Results showed that the produced SBC successfully retained the original PS morphology and that pre-oxidization was the key for its shape maintenance, as it reduced surface tension and enhanced structural stability. The SBC possessed excellent chemical inertness (high aromaticity) and uniform particle size (10–30 μm). Zero-cost waste material with a facile and easy-to-control process allows the method to be readily scalable for industrialization, while offering a new perspective on the full use of PPW.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Potato starch (PS) derived from potato peel waste (PPW) has highly regular spherical shape. </LI> <LI> PS morphology was retained with pre-oxidation process after pyrolysis. </LI> <LI> PS's spherical shape affords great homogeneity to the produced biochar. </LI> <LI> Mechanism of shape maintenance was studied via various spectral characterizations. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Observer-based Actuator Fault Detection and Robust Tolerant Control for Vehicle Platoons

Xiaomin Liu,Maode Yan,Panpan Yang,Jiacheng Song 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.4

This paper investigates the actuator fault detection and tolerant control problem for vehicle platoons with partial loss of effectiveness and bias faults. Considering the inherent coupling between the control input and the nonlinear term in the actuator, a decoupled observer based fault detection algorithm with time-varying threshold is developed to decide whether the actuator fault occurs in the platoon. Then, by employing radial basis function neural networks (RBF NNs) and backstepping control method, an adaptive robust fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme is proposed, which is proved to be capable of achieving the safety, stability and tracking performance of vehicle platoons in the presence of actuator fault. Simulation studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Hopf hypersurfaces of the homogeneous nearly K\"{a}hler $\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3$ satisfying certain commuting conditions

Xiaomin Chen,Yifan Yang 대한수학회 2022 대한수학회보 Vol.59 No.6

In this article, we first introduce the notion of commuting Ricci tensor and pseudo-anti commuting Ricci tensor for Hopf hypersurfaces in the homogeneous nearly K\"{a}hler $\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3$ and prove that the mean curvature of hypersurface is constant under certain assumptions. Next, we prove the nonexistence of Ricci soliton on Hopf hypersurface with potential Reeb vector field, which improves a result of Hu et al.~on the nonexistence of Einstein Hopf hypersurfaces in the homogeneous nearly K\"{a}hler $\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3$.

In Vitro Evaluation and Monitoring of the Expression Level and Localization of Aldose Reductase Using Functionalized Quantum Dots and EGFP

Xiaomin Liu,Chengbin Yang,Jing Liu,Jianwei Liu,Rui Hu,Hongwei Lian,Guimiao Lin,Liwei Liu,Ken-Tye Yong,Ling Ye 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.4

The optimization of aldose reductase (AR) expression levels and tracking of the AR expression sites within the cell is an essential step in developing a platform for the effective production of aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs). In this study, we have demonstrated the use of both immunocytochemistry and quantum dots-based immunofluorescence techniques for observing and detecting the expression level and localization of AR in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell model with high levels of AR protein expression. Our results show that high expression levels of human AR can be achieved using the eukaryotic cell model that we have developed. The overexpressed AR can be used for translational studies of hAR and the screening of ARIs. More importantly, the use of the established quantum dots-based immunofluorescence technique in the intracellular labeling of AR allows the determination of the expression and distribution of the AR gene. Overall, the use of the interdisciplinary approach of both genetic engineering and quantum dot-based immunofluorescence allows not only the effective production of a desired protein, but also the determination of the cellular localization of such an expressed protein.

Identification of DNA methylation and genetic alteration simultaneously from a single blood biopsy

Chen Xiaomin,Liu Jiahui,Li Jun,Xie Yinpeng,Yu Zichen,Shen Lu,Liu Qingfeng,Wu Wei,Zhao Qiang,Lin Haoxiang,Liu Gaotong,Luo Qiuping,Yang Ling,Huang Yi,Zhao Meiru,Yi Xin,Xia Xuefeng 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.5

Background High-throughput sequencing of blood cell-free DNA (cfDNA) techniques offer an opportunity to characterize and monitor cancer rapidly in a non-invasive and real-time manner. Nonetheless, there lacks a tool within therapeutic arsenal to identify multi-omics alterations simultaneously from a single biopsy. In current times, bisulfite-based sequencing detects 5mC and 5hmC at single-base resolution is the golden standard of DNA methylation, while the degradation of DNA and biased sequencing data are the problems of this method. Objective To identify the consistency analysis of methylation and genetic variation with single library, we presented a platform detecting multi-omics data simultaneously from a single blood biopsy using bisulfite-free method of genomic methylation sequencing (GM-seq) mediated by TET enzyme. Methods We detected methylomic and genetic changes simultaneously from a single blood biopsy in NA12878 and randomly chose ten blood biopsies from colorectal cancer or lung cancer patients to validate the ability of GM-seq. Results Similar cytosine methylation level between whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and GM-seq were identified in NA12878. Moreover, longer insert size, CpGs coverage and GC distribution were outperformed than WGBS. In addition, the comparison of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), insertion-deletion (Indel) and copy number variation (CNV) in NA12878 or ctDNA from liver cancer between GM-seq and whole genome sequencing (WGS) show a good consistency, indicating that this method is feasible for detecting genetic variation in blood. Conclusion In conclusion, our work demonstrated a method for identification of the methylated modification and genetic variations simultaneously from a single blood biopsy.

Thin-film electronics based on all-2D van der Waals heterostructures

Liu Xinling,Yang Xiaomin,Sang Weihui,Huang Hai,Li Wenwu,Lin Yen-Fu,Chu Junhao 한국정보디스플레이학회 2021 Journal of information display Vol.22 No.4

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials including metal, semiconductor, and insulator have received extensive attention in recent years. The weak van-der-Waals (vdW) interactions between 2D materials layers enable them to isolate monolayers and restack into artificial 2D vdW heterostructures in the desired sequence. These assembled all-2D vdW heterostructures are promising platforms for fabricating next-generation electronics as well as optoelectronics. In particular, the all-2D vdW heterostructure devices composed entirely of 2D layered material have received extensive attention due to their natural thickness, atomically sharp heterointerfaces, and excellent mechanical flexibility. Herein, we firstly introduce 2D vdW heterostructures and their preparation methods. Secondly, the recent progress of field-effect transistors (FETs) and photodetectors based on all-2D vdW heterostructures are summarized. Finally, we discuss some challenges of all-2D vdW heterostructure-based devices for practical applications and offer personal perspectives toward the future development of thin-film electronics.

Outcomes of Anti-CD19 CAR-T Treatment of Pediatric B-ALL with Bone Marrow and Extramedullary Relapse

Xinyu Wan,Xiaomin Yang,Fan Yang,Tianyi Wang,Lixia Ding,Lili Song,Yan Miao,Xiang Wang,Yani Ma,Chengjuan Luo,Jingyan Tang,Longjun Gu,Jing Chen,Yanjing Tang,Jun Lu,Benshang Li 대한암학회 2022 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.54 No.3

PurposeAnti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (19CAR-T) has achieved impressive clinical results in adult and pediatric relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, the application and effect of CAR-T therapy in B-ALL patients with extramedullary relapse are rarely issued even disqualified in some clinical trials. Here, we examined the efficacy of 19CAR-T in patients with both bone marrow and extramedullary involvement.Materials and MethodsCAR-T cells were generated by transfection of primary human T lymphocytes with a lentiviral vector expressing anti-CD19 single chain antibody fragments (scFvs) with the cytoplasmic domains of 4-1BB and CD3ζ, and used to infuse patients diagnosed as having r/r B-ALL with extramedullary origination. Clinical responses were evaluated by the use of bone marrow aspiration, imaging, and flow cytometry. ResultsEight patients received 19CAR-T infusion and all attained complete remission (CR). Only one patient was bridged to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although three patients relapsed after infusion, they received 19/22CAR-T infusion sequentially and attained a second remission. To date, five patients are in continuous CR and all eight patients are still alive. The mean follow-up time was 21.9 months, while the 24-month estimated event-free survival is 51.4%. Conclusion19CAR-T therapy can lead to clinical remission for extramedullary relapsed pediatric B-ALL patients. However, the problem of CD19+ relapses after CAR-T remained to be solved. For patients relapsing after CAR-T, a second CAR-T therapy creates another opportunity for remission for subsequent HSCT.

Georgenia faecalis sp. nov. isolated from the faeces of Tibetan antelope

Wang Xiaoxia,Yang Jing,Huang Yuyuan,Wu Xiaomin,Wang Licheng,Han Limei,Li Sha,Li Huan,Fu Xiaoying,Chen Hai,Zhu Xiong 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.9

Two aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating coccoid strains, designated ZLJ0423T and ZLJ0321, were isolated from the faeces of Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii). Their optimal temperature, NaCl concentration and pH for growth were 28°C, 0.5% (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.5, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains ZLJ0423T and ZLJ0321 were very similar to each other (99.8%) and had a sequence similarity of 97.0% with Georgenia satyanarayanai NBRC 107612T and Georgenia subflava CGMCC 1.12782T. Phylogenomic analysis based on 688 core genes indicated that these strains formed a clade with G. satyanarayanai NBRC 107612T and Georgenia wutianyii Z294T. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:1 A and C16:0. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The cell-wall amino acids consisted of alanine, lysine, glycine and aspartic acid, with lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unidentified lipids formed the polar lipid profile. The DNA G + C content of both isolates was 73.9 mol%. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization value between strains ZLJ0423T and ZLJ0321 was 91.2%, but their values with closely related species and other available type strains of the genus Georgenia were lower than the 70% threshold. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data, strains ZLJ0423T and ZLJ0321 represent a novel species within the genus Georgenia, for which the name Georgenia faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZLJ0423T (= CGMCC 1.13681T = JCM 33470T).

An X-ray Inspection System for Illegal Object Classification based on Computer Vision

Yu Wang,Xiaomin Yang,Wei Wu,Bingshan Su,Gwanggil Jeon 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.10

Security checks at airport are of importance to any safe flight. Traditional method for security check is to check the luggage manually. However, this method needs lots of human labor and time. It is desired to automatically check x-ray image of the luggage with computer vision. In this paper, the illegal object classification system is implemented. First, we introduce a computer vision based x-ray inspection system for Illegal object classification. Then we propose a method by combining Taruma feature based on Contourlet transform and histogram. Finally, we apply the random forests classifier to classify these features from the illegal objects. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively distinguish different kinds of illegal objects.