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Transmission ability of Zika virus with artificially infected Aedes albopictus in Korea
Yang Sung‐Chan,Lee Hee-Il,Kim Hyunwoo,Lee Wook‐Gyo 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.8
Zika virus (ZIKV), a virus mainly occurring in South America, is now globally distributed. Understanding the pathogen transmission cycle in a vector is exceptionally important in developing disease control strategies. In this study, we performed ZIKV microinjection in Aedes albopictus (Skuese), to estimate its vertical and horizontal transmission ability. The virus infection rate was confirmed by real-time qPCR in the F1 generation derived from the ZIKV-injected Ae. albopictus. The minimum infection rate (MIR) of the F1 generation was highest when they were injected with the virus at 6–12 h (MIR: 16.1) and lowest at 12–24 h (MIR: 4.7) after feeding. In the developmental stage of the F1 progeny, MIR values were 1.0, 1.3, and 6.7 in each egg, larval, and adult stage, respectively, but ZIKV was not detected in the pupa stage. Virus transmission ability was not significantly different between the collection areas (Tongyeong and Jeju). Ae. albopictus demonstrated a high venereal transmission rate of ZIKV and was detected in males (6 pool/7 pool) and females (6 pool/7 pool), confirming that ZIKV can be transmitted from infected mosquitoes to uninfected mosquitoes via mating. This is the first study of the administration of a ZIKV microinjection to Ae. albopictus in Korea and suggests a possibility of a potential mechanism for the virus to survive during adverse conditions via vertical transmission.
Yang, Chanwoo,Hong, Kipyo,Jang, Jaeyoung,Chung, Dae Sung,An, Tae Kyu,Choi, Woon-Seop,Park, Chan Eon IOP Pub 2009 Nanotechnology Vol.20 No.46
<P>We report the development of solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) transparent thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) gate dielectric on a plastic substrate. The ZnO nanorod film active layer, prepared by microwave heating, showed a highly uniform and densely packed array of large crystal size (58 nm) in the [002] direction of ZnO nanorods on the plasma-treated PHEMA. The flexible ZnO TFTs with the plasma-treated PHEMA gate dielectric exhibited an electron mobility of 1.1 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>, which was higher by a factor of ∼8.5 than that of ZnO TFTs based on the bare PHEMA gate dielectric. </P>
Dispersal Ability of Aedes albopictus Estimated by Mark-Release-Recapture Experiment in Korea
Sung-Chan Yang,E-Hyun Shin,Kyu-Sik Chang,Jong Yul Roh,Mi-Yeoun Park,Wook-Gyo Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
We conducted a investigation for dispersal ability of Aedes albopictus, a dengue vector mosquito, using mark-release-recapture method in Korea. A certain number of fluorescence marked Ae. albopictus was released in four different habitats – urban (Cheonan), suburban (Jochiwon), port (Pyeongtaek), and airport (Cheongju), and sticky traps and BG-traps were used to recapture the mosquito in designated time period. In case of urban and suburban areas, 100 sticky traps were used in 3-week period for both regions, and 19 BG-traps and 15 BG-traps were used in 36-hour period for urban and suburban areas respectively. Using sticky trap, 21 from 1,300 released mosquitoes (1.62%) were recaptured in urban area; while in suburban area, only 2 individuals (0.1%) were recaptured. Most of them were recaptured within 100m from releasing point and about 40% were within 20m distance. When BG-traps were used, 35 from 900 released mosquitoes (3.8%) were recaptured in urban area; while 26 mosquitoes (2.8%) were recaptured in suburban area. The maximum distance of dispersal was 200m in urban and 100m in suburban area, while most of them were recaptured in 50 ~ 80m range. In case of port and airport area, 15 and 10 BG-traps were used respectively to recapture 1,000 released mosquitoes in 5-day period. In port area, 23 mosquitoes (2.3%) were recaptured; while 166 mosquitoes (16.6%) were recaptured in airport area. The maximum distance of dispersal was 130m in both areas; while most of them were recaptured in 50m range. In conclusion, Ae. albopictus has a narrow dispersal range compared to other mosquitoes, a typical characteristic of genus Aedes, and their dispersal ability is greatly affected by various environmental factors. These results can provide basic information for effective prevention of Ae. albopictus and overseas inflow of dengue fever.
Burkholderia terrae sp. nov., isolated from a forest soil.
Yang, Hee-Chan,Im, Wan-Taek,Kim, Kwang Kyu,An, Dong-Shan,Lee, Sung-Taik Society for General Microbiology 2006 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.56 No.2
<P>A Gram-negative, slightly curved rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KMY02T, was isolated from a forest soil in Daejeon, South Korea. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KMY02T was shown to belong to the family Burkholderiaceae of the Betaproteobacteria, and to be related most closely to Burkholderia hospita LMG 20598T (98.7%), Burkholderia caribensis LMG 18531T (98.0%) and Burkholderia phymatum LMG 21445T (97.4%). Its phylogenetic distance from all recognized species within the genus Burkholderia was less than 97%. Chemotaxonomic data [Q-8 as the major ubiquinone; C16:0, C17:0 cyclo, summed feature 7 (C18:1omega7c/omega9t/omega12t) and C15:0 as the major fatty acids] supported the affiliation of strain KMY02T to the genus Burkholderia. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from recognized Burkholderia species. Therefore, KMY02T (=KCTC 12388T=NBRC 100964T) represents the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Burkholderia terrae sp. nov. is proposed.</P>
Yang, Eun-Kyung,Jang, Sung-Woo,Cho, Young-Dal,Choe, Eun-Kyung,Park, Chan-Ryang Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.2
The structural analysis of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and characterization of the hydrolytic degradation products after acid hydrolysis were performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Mass spectra of the PTT samples were analyzed using a self-calibration method as well as an internal calibration method with standard materials of known masses. PTT structures constituting the samples were determined from the analyses of the spectra, and their relative compositions were estimated. The MALDI-TOF mass spectra of the acid-hydrolyzed PTT sample showed three main series of oligomer products with different end groups in accordance with the hydrolysis schemes. From the spectra of both $Na^+$ and $K^+$ adducts, it was concluded that the PTT samples have higher affinity for $Na^+$ compared with $K^+$ and therefore show higher ionization efficiency with sodium ions when dithranol is used as a matrix. Two different wavelength laser beams ($\lambda$ = 337 nm and 355 nm) were tested and it was observed that the 355 nm beam was more efficient in obtaining the MALDI spectra of PTT using dithranol as a matrix under our experimental conditions.
Iodide management in formamidinium-lead-halide–based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells
Yang, Woon Seok,Park, Byung-Wook,Jung, Eui Hyuk,Jeon, Nam Joong,Kim, Young Chan,Lee, Dong Uk,Shin, Seong Sik,Seo, Jangwon,Kim, Eun Kyu,Noh, Jun Hong,Seok, Sang Il American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2017 Science Vol.356 No.6345
<P>The formation of a dense and uniform thin layer on the substrates is crucial for the fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) containing formamidinium with multiple cations and mixed halide anions. The concentration of defect states, which reduce a cell's performance by decreasing the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density, needs to be as low as possible. We show that the introduction of additional iodide ions into the organic cation solution, which are used to form the perovskite layers through an intramolecular exchanging process, decreases the concentration of deep-level defects. The defect-engineered thin perovskite layers enable the fabrication of PSCs with a certified power conversion efficiency of 22.1% in small cells and 19.7% in 1-square-centimeter cells.</P>
Experience with Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir-Based Treatment for the Treatment of HCV Genotype 1a in Korea
( Chan Ran You ),( Sang Wook Choi ),( Sun Hong Yoo ),( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Soon Woo Nam ),( Se Hyun Cho ),( Joon-Yeol Han ),( Do Seon Song ),( U Im Chang ),( Jin Mo Yang ),( Sung Won Lee ),( Hae Lim Le 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of IFN-free direct acting anti-viral agents (DAA) for patients with HCV genotype 1a in a real life setting in Korea. Methods: We analyzed clinical data of all consecutive DAA-treated patients for chronic HCV genotype 1a infection from eight clinical centers in Korea. Between May 2016 to April 2017, 35 patients were included in this study. The primary efficacy endpoint was end of treatment response (ETOR) and sustained virological response 12 weeks (SVR12). Adverse events (AEs) and laboratory data were also collected for analysis. Results: A total of 35 patients with genotype 1a HCV infection, 8 patients (22.9%) had compensated liver cirrhosis and 14 patients (40%) were treatment-experienced. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) with ribavirin were administered to six of seven treatment-experienced patients with cirrhosis. Thirteen patients were over 65 years old (37.1%) and female patients were dominant (65.7%, 23/35 patients). The Child-Pugh scores of all patients were 5 or 6. The rate of SVR12 was 94.7% (18/19 patients) and the rate of ETOR was 96.6% (28/29 patients). SVR12 and ETOR were obtained in all patients completed treatment for 12 weeks. Five of 33 patients (15.2%) had detectable HCV RNA at week 4 of therapy, but all of them achieved SVR12. LDV/SOF without ribavirin was tolerated well. The dose of ribavirin was reduced in two patients because they complained fatigue and general weakness after the treatment of LDV/SOF with ribavirin. Conclusions: In patients with HCV genotype 1a infection, LDV/SOF based regimen was very effective and well tolerated.
( Sung Won Lee ),( Hae Lim Lee ),( Nam Ik Han ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Chan Ran You ),( Sang Wook Choi ),( Se Hyun Cho ),( Joon-Yeol Han ),( Do Seon Song ),( U Im Chang ),( Jin Mo Yang 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the development of major clinical adverse events in genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Korean patients who received direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in real clinical settings. Methods: A total of 648 genotype 1 HCV infected patients who received DAA therapy between May 2016 and January 2018 at the liver units of the Catholic University of Korea were analyzed. Primary endpoints were hepatic decompensation and/or treatment discontinuation due to adverse events and the development of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Results: The median follow-up period was 12.8 months (range, 1.3~34.8). 70.7% of the patients had chronic hepatitis and 29.3% compensated cirrhosis. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events occurred in 2.8% (18/648), hepatic decompensation in 1.4% (9/648) and de novo HCC developed in 3.1% (19/620) of the patients. In multivariate analysis, baseline platelet count less than 150,000/㎣ (P=0.022), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 50 mL/min/1.73㎡ (P=0.037) and baseline serum albumin less than 3.5g/dL (P=0.035) were independently associated with hepatic decompensation and/or treatment discontinuation due to adverse events. Also, platelet count less than 150,000/㎣ was independently associated with the development of de novo HCC (P=0.048). Conclusions: Patients with low platelet count and serum albumin level, which are indicators of portal hypertension, and patients with renal impairment were more likely to experience hepatic decompensation and/or treatment discontinuation due to adverse events. Low platelet count was associated with de novo HCC development. These patients should be meticulously followed up during and after the DAA therapy.