A Study on Classification and Development Model of Chinese Inland Ports on the Route of ‘One Belt One Road’

Yanfeng Liu(유염봉),Choong-bae Lee(이충배) 한국국제상학회 2018 國際商學 Vol.33 No.3

Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 내륙항 선행연구와 중국 내륙항 현황 Ⅲ. 내륙항 유형화 분석 Ⅳ. 내륙항 발전모델 Ⅴ. 결론 참고문헌 2013년 중국 정부에 의해 제안된 ‘일대일로’ 이니셔티브는 과거 해양과 육상실크로드를 재현함으로써 중국의 꿈을 실현하고자 하는 대내외 정책의 일환이다. 특히 중서부지역의 낙후된 경제를 개선할 수 있는 정책 실현을 목표로 하고 있다. 즉 중국 내륙지역이 갖는 대외무역에서의 단점을 극복함으로써 해외자본의 유입과 수출입을 촉진하는데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이를 위해 내륙의 수출기지와 항만간 그리고 내륙의 주변국가들을 지리적이고 물리적으로 원 활하게 연결시켜 주는 시설이 바로 내륙항이다. 중국은 중서부 지역과 국경지역에서 해양항 만 또는 유라시아대륙의 내륙국가로의 수출에서 발생하는 운송비용, 통관문제, 환적, 혼재 등 의 문제들을 해결하기 위해 2000년대부터 이 지역에 내륙항을 개발해왔다. 본 연구는 중국 내륙항의 유형화를 통한 비교와 이를 토대로 발전모델을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 중국 전체 45개 내륙항을 대상으로 인프라, 입지, 경제력, 정책 및 제도, 경쟁력의 요인을 활용하여 유형화 분석을 하고, 이를 근거로 각 권역의 내륙항을 SWOT분석을 통해 발전모델을 제시한다. 연구결과 대부분의 유형화 요인에서 ‘일로’ 노선상의 내륙항이 ‘일대’ 내륙항에 비해 경쟁력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 경제 및 정책적인 환경 즉 ‘일대일로’ 정책과 ‘서부대개발’ 등을 고려할 때 ‘일대’ 내륙항의 발전 잠재력은 더 높을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 우리나라 물류기업들의 내륙항을 중심으로 한 물류거점 지역으로 진출을 모색할 필요가 있다.

‘일대일로’ 이니셔티브하의 중국 해외교통인프라 투자의 지정학과 SWOT-PEST 분석

유염봉 ( Yanfeng Liu ),이충배 ( Choong-bae Lee ) 한국통상정보학회 2019 통상정보연구 Vol.21 No.3

중국의 급속한 경제발전과 더불어 중국의 해외직접투자도 증가하여 왔다. 2017년 기준으로 중국의 해외직접투자 누적액은 미국에 이어 세계 2위를 차지하였다. 특히 시진핑 정부의 ‘일대일로’ 이니셔티브는 교통인프라에 대한 해외투자의 급속한 증가의 동인이 되고 있다. 중국의 해외교통인프라투자는 주로 국영기업에 의해 주도되고 지정학적 요소를 고려하여 추진되고 있다. 본 연구는 AEI(American Enterprise Institute)의 데이터를 활용하여 ‘일대일로’ 이니셔티브 하의 중국 해외투자 현황과 특징을 분석하고, 해외교통인프라 투자의 사례분석을 통해 지정학적으로 분석한다. SWOT-PEST 분석기법을 이용하여 중국의 해외투자의 대내외적 강·약점과 기회 및 위협적 요소를 분석해 시사점 제시에 목적이 있다. 연구 결과 중국의 해외교통인프라투자는 주로 유럽과 중서부 및 동남아시아 지역의 개도국에 집중되어 있으며, 경제적 수익성뿐만 아니라 정치 및 군사적 측면도 동시에 고려하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지정학적인 측면에서의 고려요인으로는 에너지 자원과 안전한 해양 및 무역경로 확보, 대외 영향력 확대 등이 중요하다. 그러나 중국의 ‘일대일로’ 이니셔티브에 기반한 교통인프라에 대한 해외투자는 투자수혜국의 정치·경제·환경에 대한 문제를 야기시키는 동시에 미국, 일본, 인도 등 주변 강대국으로부터 정치·군사적 우려와 견제를 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. Along with China's rapid economic development, its foreign direct investment has increased significantly. As of 2017, China's foreign direct investment stood at $ 158.9 billion, ranking second in the world just behind the United States. In particular the Xi Jinping government's ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative has led to a rapid increase in overseas investment in transportation infrastructure. China’s overseas investment in transport infrastructure is mainly driven by state-owned enterprises, taking into account geopolitical factors more than economic ones for China's overseas expansion. This study investigate the current status and characteristics of China's overseas investment in overseas transport infrastructure under the 'One Belt One Road’ initiative by using data from the American Enterprise Institute(AEI), and analyzed the geopolitical aspects by selecting representative cases of China's investment in overseas’ transport. Based on the status and the case studies of China’s overseas investment, the SWOT-PEST method is employed suggesting implications for Korea's overseas expansion by examining the internal and external strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of China's overseas investment. As a result, China's overseas infrastructure investment mainly is focused on Europe and on developing countries in the Midwest and Southeast Asia, and considers not only economic profitability but also political and military aspects. In geopolitical considerations, it is of importance to secure energy resources, safe maritime and trade routes, and expand external influences. However, foreign investment in transport infrastructure based on China's “One Belt One Road" initiative has caused serious problems in terms of the politics, economy, and environment of the beneficiary countries, and has been kept in check with political and military concerns from the neighboring powers including United State, Japan and India.

인천국제공항 환적화물의 변동성과 화물유치전략

유염봉(Yanfeng Liu),이충배(Choong-bae Lee) 한국통상정보학회 2020 통상정보연구 Vol.22 No.1

글로벌화와 전자상거래의 발전과 더불어 항공운송의 수요가 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 중국, 일본, 한국을 포함하는 동북아시아 지역에서 항공물동량의 증가가 두드러지면서 인천국제공항을 경유하는 환적물동량도 늘어나고 있다. 국제화물운송량 처리에서 세계 3위를 차지하고 있는 인천공항의 경쟁력을 높이기 위해서는 환적물동량 유치가 핵심적인 요소가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 인천공항 환적화물의 O/D 경로에서의 물동량 변동성 분석과 화물유치전략을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2006-2017년간 환적데이터를 활용하여 기종점분석, 변이할당분석, 포트폴리오 분석기법을 활용한다. 연구결과 인천공항 환적물동량은 중국발 인천공항 환적을 통해 미국으로 향하는 물동량이 가장 높은 비중과 증가세를 나타내고 있으며, 출발공항은 HongKong, PuDong, GuangZhou이며 도착공항은 Los Angeles, New York, Chicago가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 주요 마케팅 활동 대상 공항은 BCG분석의 물음표에 속한 Frankfurt, Tianjin, Kansai, Tokyo 공항이다. 가장 많은 비중을 차지하고 있는 중국 화물의 유치를 위해 전자상거래와 신선제품의 환적환경의 개선과 개별 항공사와 물류업체에 대한 인센티브를 강화해 나가야 할 것이다. With the development of globalization and e-commerce, the demand for air transportation has been continuously increasing. Due to the increase in air traffic volume in Northeast Asia including China, Japan and Korea, transshipment cargo via Incheon International Airport is also growing. Attracting transshipment cargo volume has become a key factor in enhancing the competitiveness of Incheon International Airport which is the world s third largest airport in terms of international cargo volume handled. The purpose of this study is to analyze the volatility of transhipment air cargoes on the basis of O/D(Origin and Destination) routes and suggest strategies for attracting them at Incheon Airport. To do this, we use the transshipment data during 2006-2017 employing several methods such as O/D analysis, shift-share analysis and portfolio analysis. In conclusion it shows the highest proportion and increase in terms of transhipment volume from China via Incheon Airport in transit to the United States. The major airports targeted for marketing activities are as follows; Frankfurt, Tianjin, Kansai and Tokyo airports, which are situated at the question mark of the BCG analysis. In order to attract China s cargo, which takes up the largest portion, it is necessary to establish the facilities and improve institution facilitating transhipment for the cargoes by e-commerce and fresh products and strengthen incentives for individual airlines and logistics companies.

Patient preferences and shared decision making for the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of lung cancer: A discrete choice experiment study

Teng Yue,Wei Yan,Chen Yingyao,Yan Juntao,Liu Shimeng,Li Fuming,Bao Shiyi,Ren Yanfeng,Liu Liu,Yang Yi 한국한의학연구원 2023 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.12 No.3

Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), integrating patient preferences into decision-making process, has been widely used in the multimodality therapy of lung cancer. This study aimed to estimate patient preferences for treatment and shared decision-making (SDM) modes concerning inpatient TCM treatment of lung cancer in Shanghai in order to provide a basis for clinical decision-making process on TCM therapy for lung cancer. Methods: This study was conducted among patients (n = 347) from nine tertiary hospitals in Shanghai by discrete-choice experiment (DCE) survey and Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire-patient version (SDM-Q-9) survey. The DCE was developed with the inclusion of the most relevant attributes at appropriate levels for the TCM treatment of lung cancer. The empirical data analyses of patients were performed using mixed logit models. Additionally, subgroup analysis was conducted. Results: In total, 347 respondents completed the questionnaire. All attributes’ coefficients were statistically significant for patients’ preferences. Patients showed strong preferences for increasing disease control rate, relieving nausea and vomiting, reducing the risk of side effects, and were concerned about monthly out-of-pocket costs. Subgroup analysis indicated that patients with a lower SDM-Q-9 score and those who were satisfied with medical services emphasized more importance of higher disease control rate. Furthermore, most of the patients (90.20%) self-reported a high willingness to use SDM during the decision-making process. Conclusion: In Shanghai, patients mainly preferred SDM and considered disease control rate as the most essential attribute in the TCM treatment of lung cancer. The study findings could underscore the importance of considering patients’ preferences and promote SDM.

Emission Projections for Long-Haul Freight Trucks and Rail in the United States through 2050

Liu, Liang,Hwang, Taesung,Lee, Sungwon,Ouyang, Yanfeng,Lee, Bumsoo,Smith, Steven J.,Yan, Fang,Daenzer, Kathryn,Bond, Tami C. American Chemical Society 2015 Environmental science & technology Vol.49 No.19

<P>This work develops an integrated model approach for estimating emissions from long-haul freight truck and rail transport in the United States between 2010 and 2050. We connect models of macroeconomic activity, freight demand by commodity, transportation networks, and emission technology to represent different pathways of future freight emissions. Emissions of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and total hydrocarbon (THC) decrease by 60%-70% from 2010 to 2030, as older vehicles built to less-stringent emission standards retire. Climate policy, in the form of carbon tax that increases apparent fuel prices, causes a shift from truck to rail, resulting in a 30% reduction in fuel consumption and a 10%-28% reduction in pollutant emissions by 2050, if rail capacity is sufficient. Eliminating high-emitting conditions in the truck fleet affects air pollutants by 20% to 65%; although these estimates are highly uncertain, they indicate the importance of durability in vehicle engines and emission control systems. Future infrastructure investment will be required both to meet transport demand and to enable actions that reduce emissions of air and climate pollutants. By driving the integrated model framework with two macroeconomic scenarios, we show that the effect of carbon tax on air pollution is robust regardless of growth levels.</P>

MiR-212 Attenuates MPP+-Induced Neuronal Damage by Targeting KLF4 in SH-SY5Y Cells

Yanfeng Song,Ying Liu,Xiaowei Chen 연세대학교의과대학 2018 Yonsei medical journal Vol.59 No.3

Purpose: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common age-dependent neurodegenerative disease. MiR-212 has been demonstrated toexert protective effects in several neurological disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying molecularmechanism of miR-212 in PD. Materials and Methods: 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cells were applied as a PD model in vitro. RTqPCRwas used to measure the expression of miR-212 and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) mRNA. Western blot analysis was performedto detect the protein levels of KLF4, Notch1 and Jagged1. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by the Cell CountingKit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative analysis of caspase-3 activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactiveoxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) was conductedwith corresponding ELISA kits. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to evaluate the relationship between miR-212 and KLF4. Results: MiR-212 was downregulated in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Also, miR-212 alleviated MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage,embodied by increased cell viability, decreased caspase-3 activity, LDH release, ROS production, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression,as well as elevated SOD levels. KLF4 was a direct target of miR-212, and miR-212 repressed KLF4 expression in a post-transcriptionalmanner. Moreover, miR-212-mediated protection effects were abated following KLF4 expression restoration in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells, represented as lowered cell viability and enhanced apoptotic rate. Furthermore, Notch signaling wasinvolved in the regulation of miR-212/KLF4 axis in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion: miR-212 might attenuate MPP+-induced neuronal damage by regulating KLF4/Notch signaling pathway in SH-SY5Ycells, a promising target for PD therapy.

Proteasome subunit beta type 1 interacts directly with Rheb and regulates the cell cycle in Cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts

Yanfeng Wang,Xudong Guo,Zhigang Wang,Zhixin Guo,Mingtao Liu,Keyu Zhao,Xue Feng,Xu Zheng,Xiaojing Wang,Huifang Hao 한국통합생물학회 2017 Animal cells and systems Vol.21 No.5

PSMB1 (proteasome subunit beta type 1) is a core component of the 20S proteasome, and based on its structure, it might have a crucial function in the transcription of certain genes. Rheb (Ras homolog enriched in brain) is a Ras-like small GTPase that acts as an upstream positive regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. We cloned and characterized PSMB1 (KY310590.1) to determine its function in cell cycle progression and proliferation of goat fetal fibroblasts (GFbs). Further, by yeast two-hybrid screen and coimmunoprecipitation, we conformed that PSMB1 interacts directly with Rheb. An siRNA was designed and expressed targeting PSMB1 mRNA in GFbs and inducing cell cycle arrest. Rheb overexpression in GFbs significantly increased the number of S phase cells and growth efficiency compared with control cells. These data indicate that PSMB1 and Rheb have important functions in the cell cycle and proliferation of GFbs, indicating that their interaction governs many processes in GFbs.

Surface Quality Controlling Research on High Speed Milling Nickel-Based Superalloy Inconel 718

Yubo Liu,Xu Yanfeng,Xi Wang,Wang Xufeng 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.7

Nickel based superalloy Inconel 718 is difficult to machine as a material. The prediction model of surface roughness in high speed milling of Nickel-based Superalloy Inconel 718 was developed based on multiple regression analysis. The model is established from the experiments conducted on a XH714D matching center. The predicted results by using this model agree very well with those obtained from experiments, and the Prediction model of surface roughness of nickel based superalloy can provide a foundation to optimize cutting parameters and control surface quality.

HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS AND ENHANCED VISIBLE-LIGHT PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF CdS QUANTUM DOTS SENSITIZED CARBON NANOTUBES (CNTs) NANOCOMPOSITE

XINLIN LIU,Yongsheng Yan,Qian Wang,Peng Lv,GUANXIN YAO,CHANGCHANG MA,Yan Yan,Yanfeng Tang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.2

A new-type photocatalyst of cadmium sul¯de carbon nanotubes (CdS/CNTs) was prepared bythe hydrothermal method. This as-prepared CdS/CNTs composite photocatalyst was proved toexhibit an excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of tetracycline (TC). Specially, the95%-CdS – 5%-CNTs composite photocatalyst played the best degradation rate (81.2%) in 60 minunder the visible light irradiation. Moreover, this 95%-CdS – 5%-CNTs composite photocatalystpossessed great stability and could be used at least four cycles with almost no loss of photo-catalytic e±ciency. Furthermore, the as-synthesized CdS/CNTs composite photocatalyst wascharacterized by X-ray di®raction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Visdi®used re°ectance spectra (UV-Vis), Raman and thermal gravimetry (TG). In addition, thepossible mechanism and kinetics of photodegradation of TC with CdS/CNTs photocatalyst wasalso discussed.

Enhanced 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) Production in Raoultella ornithinolytica BF60 by Manipulation of the Key Genes in FDCA Biosynthesis Pathway

( Haibo Yuan ),( Yanfeng Liu ),( Xueqin Lv ),( Jianghua Li ),( Guocheng Du ),( Zhongping Shi ),( Long Liu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.12

The compound 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), an important bio-based monomer for the production of various polymers, can be obtained from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). However, efficient production of FDCA from HMF via biocatalysis has not been well studied. In this study, we report the identification of key genes that are involved in FDCA synthesis and then the engineering of Raoultella ornithinolytica BF60 for biocatalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA using its resting cells. Specifically, previously unknown candidate genes, adhP3 and alkR, which were responsible for the reduction of HMF to the undesired product 2,5- bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (HMF alcohol), were identified by transcriptomic analysis. Combinatorial deletion of these two genes resulted in 85.7% reduction in HMF alcohol formation and 23.7% improvement in FDCA production (242.0 mM). Subsequently, an aldehyde dehydrogenase, AldH, which was responsible for the oxidation of the intermediate 5-formyl-2-furoic acid (FFA) to FDCA, was identified and characterized. Finally, FDCA production was further improved by overexpressing AldH, resulting in a 96.2% yield of 264.7 mM FDCA. Importantly, the identification of these key genes not only contributes to our understanding of the FDCA synthesis pathway in R. ornithinolytica BF60 but also allows for improved FDCA production efficiency. Moreover, this work is likely to provide a valuable reference for producing other furanic chemicals.