Amyloid-β-related and unrelated cortical thinning in dementia with Lewy bodies

Lee, Young-gun,Jeon, Seun,Yoo, Han Soo,Chung, Seok Jong,Lee, Seung-Koo,Lee, Phil Hyu,Sohn, Young Ho,Yun, Mijin,Evans, Alan C.,Ye, Byoung Seok Elsevier 2018 NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Vol.72 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Coexisting Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is common in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). To evaluate the cortical thinning in patients with DLB considering the effect of amyloid-β (Aβ), we compared the regional cortical thickness between control subjects and patients with DLB with abnormal dopamine transporter imaging. Seventeen (43.6%) of 39 patients with DLB and no control subjects had significant Aβ deposition on <SUP>18</SUP>F-florbetaben positron emission tomography. Compared to control (n = 15), Aβ-negative DLB group (n = 21) had cortical thinning in the bilateral insula, entorhinal, basal frontal, and occipito-parietal cortices. Compared to Aβ-negative DLB, Aβ-positive DLB group (n = 15) had a lower cortical thickness in the AD-prone brain regions in addition to the bilateral occipital, basal frontal, and somatomotor cortices. After controlling for the amount of Aβ deposition, DLB group had cortical thinning in the same regions affected in the Aβ-negative DLB group. In summary, patients with DLB had an Aβ-independent cortical thinning, while Aβ was associated with additional cortical thinning in the AD-prone brain regions and the aggravation of DLB-specific cortical thinning.</P>

Invited Review Article: A 10 mK scanning probe microscopy facility.

Song, Young Jae,Otte, Alexander F,Shvarts, Vladimir,Zhao, Zuyu,Kuk, Young,Blankenship, Steven R,Band, Alan,Hess, Frank M,Stroscio, Joseph A American Institute of Physics 2010 Review of scientific instruments Vol.81 No.12

<P>We describe the design, development and performance of a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) facility operating at a base temperature of 10 mK in magnetic fields up to 15 T. The microscope is cooled by a custom designed, fully ultra-high vacuum (UHV) compatible dilution refrigerator (DR) and is capable of in situ tip and sample exchange. Subpicometer stability at the tip-sample junction is achieved through three independent vibration isolation stages and careful design of the dilution refrigerator. The system can be connected to, or disconnected from, a network of interconnected auxiliary UHV chambers, which include growth chambers for metal and semiconductor samples, a field-ion microscope for tip characterization, and a fully independent additional quick access low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) system. To characterize the system, we present the cooling performance of the DR, vibrational, tunneling current, and tip-sample displacement noise measurements. In addition, we show the spectral resolution capabilities with tunneling spectroscopy results obtained on an epitaxial graphene sample resolving the quantum Landau levels in a magnetic field, including the sublevels corresponding to the lifting of the electron spin and valley degeneracies.</P>

A Study on the Development of Safety Cases Based on International Standards

알란 카스키(Alan Caskie),왕종배(Wang Jong Bae),맹희영(Maeng Hee-Young),김영상(Kim Young-Sang) 한국철도학회 2007 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

새로운 시스템이나 제품이 철도운영환경에서 이용할 수 있을 만큼 안전하다는 것은 체계적인 문서화를 통해 입증해야 한다. 이러한 적정성을 제공하기 위해서는 안전성 관련 사항들은 논의에 대한 유효성을 판단하기에 앞서 독립적인 검증기관이나 자체적인 전문 평가를 수행하는 기관(또는 관리기관)에 제시되어져야 한다. 이러한 유효성은 종합안전대책기술서 형태로 제공되어지며 이는 사실에 대한 단순한 열거가 아니라 해당 시스템이나 제품의 실제 사용시 안전하다는 확신을 해당 기관에게 줄 수 있도록 고안되어 있는 일련의 논의들이다. 종합안전대책기술서는 관계자가 시스템 및 제품의 신규도입으로부터 발생되는 모든 리스크에 대한 분석 및 평가 수행여부와 이러한 리스크를 어떻게 관리하고 개선시켜왔는지를 나타내주는 문서이다. 또한 관리가 효과적이고 지속적으로 적용되었음을 확인하기 위한 관리시스템을 제시해 주기도 한다. 본 연구는 유럽의 철도산업 범주내에서 종합안전대책기술서 그 자체의 특성과 시스템의 형태 및 적용 가능한 제품에 대해 정의를 내리는데 그 목적이 있으며 기술서의 취지와 구조, 보조문서 및 관련법규에 관한 사항에 초점을 맞출 것이다.

Distribution and characterization of IL-10-secreting cells in lymphoid tissues of PCV2-infected pigs

Alan R. Doster,이지영,Byung-Joon Kwon,Chi-Ho Yu,So-Young Kwon,Fernando A. Osorio,서정향 대한수의학회 2010 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.11 No.3

Distribution and characterization of interlukin-10 (IL-10)-secreting cells in lymphoid tissues of pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were evaluated in accordance with PCV2 antigen detection. After screening a total of 56 pigs showing the symptoms of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), 15 pigs were PCV2 positive and 5 pigs, which showed stronger positive signals over multiples tissues were further investigated. This study showed that in PCV2-infected lymphoid tissues,particularly mandibular lymph node, spleen and tonsil, IL-10expression was mainly localized in T-cell rich areas but rarely in B cell rich areas. IL-10 was highly expressed in bystander cells but rarely in PCV2-infected cells. Elevated IL-10expression was predominantly associated with T cells, but rarely with B cells or with macrophages. The results of this study provide evidence for the role of IL-10 in chronic PCV2infection and its relation to PCV2 antigen in affected tissues. Constantly elevated levels of IL-10 lead to immunosuppression in persistent and chronic viral infections. The increased IL-10expression observed in PCV2 infection in this study suggests that IL-10-mediated immunosuppression may play an important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of naturally occurring PCV2 infection.

Study on Pre-Ionization Using Second-Harmonic Electron Cyclotron Waves for the KSTAR First Plasma

Young Soon Bae,Alan England 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.II

Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) is adopting electron cyclotron heating (ECH)-assisted startup for the flexibility and reliability of KSTAR operation through pre-ionization by using EC waves. An 84-GHz ECH system is being installed on the KSTAR tokamak, and the maximum available ECH power is presently 500 kW with a maximum duration of 2 s. A plasma breakdown voltage (or loop voltage) in the range of 4 V to 5 V is needed when fundamental harmonic EC power is used. Currently, second-harmonic ECH-assisted start-up is under consideration because a low toroidal field of $B_T$ $\sim$ 1.5 T is desirable for safety and because the high-beta experiments will be done in the initial operation phase. There have been limited studies of the efficacy of plasma breakdown by second-harmonic pre-ionization. The studies reported in this paper address the effectiveness of second-harmonic pre-ionization by 84-GHz EC-waves and alternatives to it for KSTAR. The optimum and threshold conditions for its successful start-up are calculated using a 0-dimentional time-dependent plasma-evolution code. The feasibility of second-harmonic breakdown of the KSTAR plasma is studied based on the recent experimental results in DIII-D tokamak on second-harmonic breakdown where 60 GHz and 110 GHz EC power was used. In this feasibility study, the ionization growth rate in G. L. Jackson's theoretical model, which was used for the comparison with International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) second-harmonic pre-ionization, is also compared with KSTAR second-harmonic pre-ionization based on the DIII-D experimental results.

Differential Diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

( Young Dae Kim ),( Alan V Job ),( Woojin Cho ) 대한류마티스학회 2017 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a broad spectrum of disease defined by the presence of arthritis of unknown etiology, lasting more than six weeks duration, and occurring in children less than 16 years of age. JIA encompasses several disease categories, each with distinct clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, genetic backgrounds, and pathogenesis. JIA is classified into sev-en subtypes by the International League of Associations for Rheumatology: systemic, oligoarticular, polyarticular with and with-out rheumatoid factor, enthesitis-related arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and undifferentiated arthritis. Diagnosis of the precise sub-type is an important requirement for management and research. JIA is a common chronic rheumatic disease in children and is an important cause of acute and chronic disability. Arthritis or arthritis-like symptoms may be present in many other conditions. Therefore, it is important to consider differential diagnoses for JIA that include infections, other connective tissue diseases, and malignancies. Leukemia and septic arthritis are the most important diseases that can be mistaken for JIA. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the subtypes and differential diagnoses of JIA. (J Rheum Dis 2017;24:131-137)

SOUND RADIATION BY JET-EDGE INTERACTION

Young-Pil Kwon,Alan Powell 한국소음진동공학회 1994 한국소음진동공학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.1994 No.3

Sensory Axon Regeneration: A Review from an in vivo Imaging Perspective

한승백,Young-Jin Son,김혁민,Andrew Skuba,Alan Tessler,Tobi Ferguson 한국뇌신경과학회 2012 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.21 No.3

Injured primary sensory axons fail to regenerate into the spinal cord, leading to chronic pain and permanent sensory loss. Re-entry is prevented at the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ), the CNS-PNS interface. Why axons stop or turn around at the DREZ has generally been attributed to growth-repellent molecules associated with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes/myelin. The available evidence challenges the contention that these inhibitory molecules are the critical determinant of regeneration failure. Recent imaging studies that directly monitored axons arriving at the DREZ in living animals raise the intriguing possibility that axons stop primarily because they are stabilized by forming presynaptic terminals on non-neuronal cells that are neither astrocytes nor oligodendrocytes. These observations revitalized the idea raised many years ago but virtually forgotten, that axons stop by forming synapses at the DREZ.

Fine-Scale Mapping of Natural Variation in Fly Fecundity Identifies Neuronal Domain of Expression and Function of an Aquaporin

Bergland, Alan O.,Chae, Hyo-seok,Kim, Young-Joon,Tatar, Marc,Nuzhdin, Sergey V. Public Library of Science 2012 PLoS genetics Vol.8 No.4

<▼1><P>To gain insight into the molecular genetic basis of standing variation in fitness related traits, we identify a novel factor that regulates the molecular and physiological basis of natural variation in female <I>Drosophila melanogaster</I> fecundity. Genetic variation in female fecundity in flies derived from a wild orchard population is heritable and largely independent of other measured life history traits. We map a portion of this variation to a single QTL and then use deficiency mapping to further refine this QTL to 5 candidate genes. Ubiquitous expression of RNAi against only one of these genes, an aquaporin encoded by <I>Drip</I>, reduces fecundity. Within our mapping population <I>Drip</I> mRNA level in the head, but not other tissues, is positively correlated with fecundity. We localize <I>Drip</I> expression to a small population of corazonin producing neurons located in the dorsolateral posterior compartments of the protocerebrum. Expression of <I>Drip</I>–RNAi using both the pan-neuronal <I>ELAV</I>-<I>Gal4</I> and the <I>Crz-Gal4</I> drivers reduces fecundity. Low-fecundity RILs have decreased <I>Crz</I> expression and increased expression of <I>pale</I>, the enzyme encoding the rate-limiting step in the production of dopamine, a modulator of insect life histories. Taken together these data suggest that natural variation in <I>Drip</I> expression in the corazonin producing neurons contributes to standing variation in fitness by altering the concentration of two neurohormones.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>A major goal of modern evolutionary biology is to elucidate the genetic basis of standing genetic variation underlying fitness traits. This goal is important for a comprehensive picture of the evolutionary process, because it allows us to understand the mode of natural selection on fitness traits and identify the molecular and physiological processes that affect fitness traits. Here, we describe our work to identify the molecular genetic and physiological basis for natural variation in a core life history trait, fecundity, of <I>Drosophila melanogaster</I>. Using a variety of mapping techniques, we show that differential expression of the aquaporin <I>Drip</I> in nervous tissue affects natural variation in female fecundity. We further go on to describe a novel domain of expression of <I>Drip</I> in neurons that produce the insect stress hormone corazonin and demonstrate that differential expression of <I>Drip</I> in these neurons affects female fecundity putatively through modulating the concentration of corazonin and dopamine. This surprising and novel observation highlights the benefit of exploiting natural genetic variation to identify the molecular processes underlying phenotypic traits.</P></▼2>

Aging and Cancer : A molecular signature of human breast epithelial cell invasion

( Hae Young Yong ),( Jae In Song ),( Daniela Cukovic ),( Sridevi Salagrama ),( David Kaplan ),( David Putt ),( Hye Sook Kim ),( Alan Dombkowski ),( Hyeong Reh Choi Kim ),( A Ree Moon ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2008 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2008 No.-