The evolution of incontinence into resolved, refractory and de novo urgency urinary incontinence following sling placement at time of prolapse repair in a large urodynamic cohort

Xinyuan Zhang,Robyn K. Shaffer,Amy D. Dobberfuhl 대한비뇨의학회 2021 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.62 No.5

Purpose: To improve counseling in women at risk of refractory and/or de novo urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) following sling placement at time of prolapse repair, we created an outcome model to characterize changes in storage dysfunction. Materials and Methods: We identified 139 women who underwent urodynamics followed by sling or no sling placement at the time of prolapse repair over a 6-year period. Our primary outcome was the presence of UUI following sling placement. Data were analyzed in SAS using chi-square, Fisher's exact, Student's t-test, and Kaplan-Meier methods. Results: At baseline, the sling group had significantly higher subjective (62/81 [76.5%] vs. 18/58 [31.0%]; p<0.001), objective (62/81 [76.5%] vs. 6/58 [10.3%]; p<0.001), and occult (41/81 [50.6%] vs. 6/58 [10.3%]; p<0.001) stress urinary incontinence (SUI); and rates of subjective and objective UUI were similar to the no sling group prior to surgery. After surgery (mean follow-up 859 days) there was no difference with or without sling, in the rate of SUI (subjective, objective) and further SUI treatments (bulking agent, repeat sling). Higher rates of de novo (13/81 [16.0%] vs. 6/58 [10.3%]; p=0.454) and refractory (31/81 [38.3%] vs. 14/58 [24.1%]; p=0.048) UUI were noted in the sling group following surgery. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, a greater proportion of women in the no sling group did not report UUI at longest follow-up (hazard ratio 0.63; 95% confidence interval 0.37–1.06; p=0.081). Conclusions: Women should be counseled on the risk of de novo and refractory UUI following sling placement at time of prolapse repair.

The role of Jacalin-related lectin gene AOL_s00083g511 in the development and pathogenicity of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Dong Xinyuan,Si Jiali,Zhang Guanghui,Shen Zhen,Zhang Li,Sheng Kangliang,Wang Jingmin,Kong Xiaowei,Zha Xiangdong,Wang Yongzhong 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.8

Arthrobotrys oligospora is a model species of nematophagous fungi and has great potential for the biological control of nematode diseases. Lectin is a protein that binds to carbohydrates and their complexes with high specificity, which mediates recognition events in various physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to investigate the role of the Jacalin-related lectin (JRL) gene, AOL_s00083g511, in A. oligospora development. Through a homology recombination approach, we obtained the AOL_s00083g511 knockout mutant strain (Δg511). Next, the biological characteristics of the Δg511 mutant strain, including growth rate, conidia germination rate, adaptation to environmental stresses, and nematocidal activity, were compared with those of the wild-type (WT) strain. The results showed that the JRL gene AOL_ s00083g511 did not affect fungal growth, conidia germination, 3D-trap formation, and the ability of A. oligospora to prey on nematodes significantly. We speculate that this phenomenon may be caused by a loss of the key β1–β2 loops in the AOL_ s00083g511-encoded JRL domain and an intrinsic genetic compensation of AOL_s00083g511 in this fungus. The growth rates of both strains on high salt or surfactant media were similar; however, in the strong oxidation medium, the growth rate of the Δg511 mutant was significantly lower than that of the WT strain, indicating that AOL_s00083g511 might play a role in oxidative stress resistance. These findings provide a basis for further analysis of the related functions of the JRL gene in A. oligospora and their potential roles in the biological control of nematodes in the future.

Towards a Comprehensive Analysis of Crowds Anonymity System

Tianbo Lu,Xinyuan Zhang,Xiaofeng Du,Yang Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.7

There is an increasing command for anonymity in network. Crowds[1] is an popular anonymity system proposed by Michael K. Reiter and Aviel D. Rubin which main idea behind it is hiding users’ identities by routing their packets randomly within a group of similar users. Crowds can provides sender anonymity and also has an advantage that the computation load of relay nodes is very small but it does not protect the identity of the receiver. This paper presents an overview on Crowds and introduces the development of Crowds from the following aspects: anonymity analysis, application especially the application in P2P and the performance. We summarize the work about anonymity analysis based on Crowds and divide them into receiver analysis, probabilistic behavior, attack and anonymity proof. Crowds is high efficient but it can’t resist the global attack, therefore, to meet the needs of the different levels of anonymity, there is a vast body of anonymity literature concerned with anonymity analysis, for example, Crowds can’t provide receiver anonymity but receiver anonymity is important in many cases, so many work extending the Crowds system from sender anonymity only to sender and receiver anonymity. In addition to the analysis, we also summarize the applications of Crowds. Undoubtedly, it is widely used in P2P. We also give an overlook of the performance of Crowds.

F-Crowds : An Anonymity Scheme for P2P File-Sharing

Tianbo Lu,Xinyuan Zhang,Xiaofeng Du,Yang Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.6

The traditional encryption methods pay more attention to the confidentiality of the message content, but ignore the protection of identity information to the communicating parties. By encrypting, the contents of the communication acquired by attackers became relatively difficult, but they can still found the identity information of the two sides to communicate easily because in the TCP / IP protocol, the sender and receiver of the message are exposed. The anonymity communication technology, is used to solve this problem. The first anonymity communication technology can date back to 1981, Chaum proposed MIX [1] which is a very important technology for reference by a number of researchers of anonymity communication. The rapid development of the Internet has made things convenience to people, but also led to more personal information exposed to the public. As a result, a growing number of areas that required anonymity communication technology to protect the user's privacy. P2P file-sharing is not exception. P2P is undoubtedly the most popular way for file-sharing, but popular P2P file-sharing protocols, such as BitTorrent, can’t provide users anonymity communication service. Many people choose to build upon existing anonymous communication tools, such as Tor, to achieve anonymous P2P file transfer, but Tor primarily provides anonymous service for web browsing, instant message or other low latency applications. A large number of P2P file traffic will seriously threaten the service of Tor. Therefore, the anonymity communication service specifically for P2P file sharing system is very important. In this paper, we presents an anonymity communication scheme specifically for P2P file-sharing networks called F-Crowds which based on Crowds [2] to provide an adjustable anonymity service for P2P file-sharing.

Three Degrees of Freedom Global Calibration Method for Measurement Systems with Binocular Vision

Guan Xu,Xinyuan Zhang,Xiaotao Li,Jian Su,Xue Lu,Huanping Liu,Zhaobing Hao 한국광학회 2016 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.20 No.1

We develop a new method to globally calibrate the feature points that are derived from the binocularsystems at different positions. A three-DOF (degree of freedom) global calibration system is establishedto move and rotate the 3D calibration board to an arbitrary position. A three-DOF global calibration modelis constructed for the binocular systems at different positions. The three-DOF calibration model unifiesthe 3D coordinates of the feature points from different binocular systems into a unique world coordinatesystem that is determined by the initial position of the calibration board. Experiments are conducted onthe binocular systems at the coaxial and diagonal positions. The experimental root-mean-square errorsbetween the true and reconstructed 3D coordinates of the feature points are 0.573 mm, 0.520 mm and0.528 mm at the coaxial positions. The experimental root-mean-square errors between the true andreconstructed 3D coordinates of the feature points are 0.495 mm, 0.556 mm and 0.627 mm at the diagonalpositions. This method provides a global and accurate calibration to unity the measurement points ofdifferent binocular vision systems into the same world coordinate system.

Effects of Residential Customs on Spatio-Temporal Pollution Characteristics of Fireworks Burning during Chinese New Year

Zhao Liu,Qi Liu,Xinyuan Cao,Xuelei Zhang 한국기상학회 2022 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.58 No.2

Burning of fireworks at the Chinese New Year (CNY) is a traditional culture in China, but it may adversely deteriorate air quality, cause fire accident and damage residential health. Numeral studies had proved into this environmental problem on the city scale, it is also important to quantify the spatio-temporal effects of fireworks emissions on air quality and their associations with residential customs during the CNY. Based on the monitored data, we analyzed the characteristics of primary air pollutants caused by fireworks burning, as well as the temporal and spatial variations in the concentrations of particulate matters during the periods of fireworks burning and non-fireworks (one day before CNY’s Eve and two days after CNY’s Eve). The results indicated that the main air pollutants were particles released from fireworks burning over the whole China, with showing an obvious peak during the CNY of 2015 and 2016. The highest concentrations of particulate matters with size less than 10 μm (PM10) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were occurred during the early morning at 1:00–3:00 on 19th (2015), reaching 408 μg/m3 and 112 μg/m3in Northeast China (NEC), respectively. And the highest values in 2016 were 358 μg/m3 and 126 μg/m3, but occurred in North China (NC), respectively. It revealed that the residential customs had significant effects on the temporal distribution of fireworks pollution on the regional scale. The patterns of temporal variations in SO2, NO2 and CO were similar to those of PM10 and PM2.5, but CO was opposite to that of other pollutants. The spatial distributions of particulate pollutants concentrations showed that the most severely polluted regions were located at NEC, East China (EC) and Central China(CC), where had higher population density and gross domestic product (GDP) and local conservative customs. Otherwise, although stricter regulations were implemented in 2016, the concentrations of pollutants were still greater than them in 2015, revealing that meteorological conditions can have a significant effect on mass concentrations of particles. The governments should make control strategies of fireworks burning with comprehensive considering the balance between environmental protection and traditional culture heritage.

Heterologous prime-boost immunization with live SPY1 and DnaJ protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae induces strong Th1 and Th17 cellular immune responses in mice

Yulan Qiu,XueMei Zhang,Hong Wang,Xinyuan Zhang,Yunjun Mo,Xiaoyu Sun,Jichao Wang,YiBing Yin,WenChun Xu 한국미생물학회 2017 The journal of microbiology Vol.55 No.10

diseases in children under 5-year-old. Vaccine has been used as an indispensable strategy to prevent S. pneumoniae infection for more than 30 years. Our previous studies confirmed that mucosal immunization with live attenuated strain SPY1 can protect mice against nasopharyngeal colonization of S. pneumoniae and lethal pneumococcal infection, and the protective effects are comparable with those induced by commercially available 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine. However, live attenuated vaccine SPY1 needs four inoculations to get satisfactory protective effect, which may increase the risk of virulence recovery. It is reported that heterologous primeboost approach is more effective than homologous primeboost approach. In the present study, to decrease the doses of live SPY1 and improve the safety of SPY1 vaccine, we immunized mice with SPY1 and DnaJ protein alternately. Our results showed that heterologous prime-boost immunization with SPY1 and DnaJ protein could significantly reduce the colonization of S. pneumoniae in the respiratory tract of mice, and induce stronger Th1 and Th17 cellular immune responses than SPY1 alone. These results indicate heterologous prime-boost immunization method not only elicits better protective effect than SPY1 alone, but also reduces the doses of live SPY1 and decreases the risk of SPY1 vaccine. This work is the first time to study the protective efficiency with two different forms of S. pneumoniae candidate vaccine, and provides a new strategy for the development of S. pneumoniae vaccine.

Case(1)of Chinese northern area

Jong-Ho Shin,Chengjun Gao,Xinyuan Zhang,Xiao Ping Li 한국펄프·종이공학회 2003 펄프종이기술국제세미나 Vol.29 No.-

Rigid-flexible hybrid modeling and dynamic simulation of three-coordinate heavy-load transfer vehicle

Junxia Jiang,Haipeng Liao,Yuxiao He,Xinyuan Zhang 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.1

The spent fuel in the nuclear radiation environment is generally transported by transfer vehicles, which are required to be able to run smoothly under high speed and high acceleration. In this paper, dynamic analysis and simulation of a new type of heavy-load transfer vehicle were carried out. Firstly, the design structure of the transfer vehicle was presented, and the theoretical calculation methods for the forces on the V-shaped rollers and the dynamic deflection of the column were proposed. Then the working space of the vehicle was analyzed. And the dynamic model of rigid bodies and flexible bodies were established according to the Lagrange equations. Moreover, the velocity and acceleration of main components and the contact forces of the V-shaped rollers were analyzed by using ADAMS, and the optimal control strategy was proposed. Finally, the motors output torque of the vehicle was tested to validate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and simulation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical and simulation results, and the dynamic performance of the transfer vehicle meets the design requirements.

Surface Modification of Flax Fibers with Isocyanate and Its Effects on Fiber/Epoxy Interfacial Properties

Wanru Wang,Rao Fu,Qi Deng,Xinyuan Wang,Yujie Wang,Zhao Zhang,Guijun Xian 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.12

Natural fiber reinforced polymer composite has been widely used in various industry fields. Natural fibertreatment can effectively improve its mechanical and durability properties, and expands its applications. In the present study,isocyanate was proposed to treat flax fibers in order to reduce the hydrophilic properties of the fibers, and to enhance thebonding of flax fiber to epoxy matrix. The isocyanate treated fabric was evaluated with fourier transform infra-red (FTIR),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water uptake. The effects of the fiber treatment on the mechanical properties of flaxfabric reinforced epoxy (FFRP) plates were investigated. FTIR and SEM analysis indicated that isocyanate reacts with flaxfiber, forming a thin polymer layer on the fiber surface. The water absorption test showed that isocyanate treatment decreasedthe water uptake of the flax fabric by 4-18 times compared to the control fabric. The flexural and tensile strength of FFRPwith isocyanate solution treated fabrics were enhanced more than 20 %, attributed to the improved adhesion of fiber to epoxy. Based on the above results, the treatment method of flax fiber with isocyanate is considered as an effective approach toimprove both hydrothermal ageing resistance and mechanical properties of FFRPs.