The Basic Models, Characteristics, and Directions of Civil Service Reform in China—Based on Analysis of the Competence of the Civil Service

Xiaoyun Chen,임도빈 한국행정학회 2009 International Review of Public Administration Vol.14 No.2

In recent years, in order to solve the high-tech needs of government departments and cut financial expenditures, the Chinese government has introduced civil service reforms and consequently created a position-rank two-track system. This paper is written from the perspective of increasing civil service competency. A review and explanation of some of China's most pertinent current models of civil service reform such as those of Jilin, Zhuhai, and Shenzhen will be presented. Those models will also be compared with other traditional civil service systems. Specific points that will be addressed are hiring, wages and termination. The article finally points out that the fundamental future direction of civil service reform is to further rationalize the relationship between the existing civil service system and the government employee system, and then establish and regulate the criteria and procedures regarding civil service recruitment, appraisal, promotion, and exit.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Gerbera Cultivars to Heat Stress

Chen, Wen,Zhu, Xiaoyun,Han, Weiqing,Wu, Zheng,Lai, Qixian Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.1

Heat stress is an agricultural problem for Gerbera jamesonii, and it often causes poor seedling growth, reduced flower yield and undesirable ornamental characteristics of flowers. However, little is known about the effect of heat stress on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of gerbera plants. Here, the responses of six cultivars of Gerbera jamesonii to heat stress were investigated. Under a 1-d heat treatment at $45^{\circ}C$, the leaves of gerbera cultivars showed yellowing, wilting, drying and death to varying degrees. The heat treatment also resulted in increased electrical conductivity, decreased soluble protein and chlorophyll contents, and the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline in leaves. Moreover, heat tolerance differed among the six tested gerbera cultivars. Our results demonstrated that among the six gerbera cultivars, 'Meihongheixin' is a heat-resistant cultivar, whereas 'Beijixing' is a heat-sensitive one. 'Shijihong' and 'Linglong' are relatively heat-resistant cultivars, and 'Dadifen' and 'Taiyangfengbao' are relatively heat sensitive.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Gerbera Cultivars to Heat Stress

Wen Chen,Xiaoyun Zhu,Weiqing Han,Zheng Wu,Qixian Lai 한국원예학회 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.1

Heat stress is an agricultural problem for Gerbera jamesonii, and it often causes poor seedling growth, reduced flower yield and undesirable ornamental characteristics of flowers. However, little is known about the effect of heat stress on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of gerbera plants. Here, the responses of six cultivars of Gerbera jamesonii to heat stress were investigated. Under a 1-d heat treatment at 45°C, the leaves of gerbera cultivars showed yellowing, wilting, drying and death to varying degrees. The heat treatment also resulted in increased electrical conductivity, decreased soluble protein and chlorophyll contents, and the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline in leaves. Moreover, heat tolerance differed among the six tested gerbera cultivars. Our results demonstrated that among the six gerbera cultivars, ‘Meihongheixin’ is a heat-resistant cultivar, whereas ‘Beijixing’ is a heatsensitive one. ‘Shijihong’ and ‘Linglong’ are relatively heat-resistant cultivars, and ‘Dadifen’ and ‘Taiyangfengbao’ are relatively heat sensitive.

Two Evaluation Budgets for the Measurement Uncertainty of Glucose in Clinical Chemistry

Hui Chen,Ling Zhang,Xiaoyun Bi,Xiaoling Deng 대한진단검사의학회 2011 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.31 No.3

Background: Measurement uncertainty characterizes the dispersion of the quantity values attributed to a measurand. Although this concept was introduced to medical laboratories some years ago, not all medical researchers are familiar with it. Therefore, the evaluation and expression of measurement uncertainty must be highlighted using a practical example. Methods: In accordance with the procedure for evaluating and expressing uncertainty, provided by the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM), we used plasma glucose (Glu) as an example and defined it as the measurand. We then analyzed the main sources of uncertainty, evaluated each component of uncertainty, and calculated the combined uncertainty and expanded uncertainty with 2 budgets for single measurements and continuous monitoring, respectively. Results: During the measurement of Glu, the main sources of uncertainty included imprecision, within-subject biological variance (BVw), calibrator uncertainty, and systematic bias. We evaluated the uncertainty of each component to be 1.26%, 1.91%, 5.70%, 0.42%, and -2.87% for within-run imprecision, between-day imprecision, BVw, calibrator uncertainty, and systematic bias, respectively. For a single specimen, the expanded uncertainty was 7.38% or 6.1±0.45 mmol/L (κ=2); in continuous monitoring of Glu, the expanded uncertainty was 13.58% or 6.1±0.83 mmol/L (κ=2). Conclusions: We have demonstrated the overall procedure for evaluating and reporting uncertainty with 2 different budgets. The uncertainty is not only related to the medical laboratory in which the measurement is undertaken, but is also associated with the calibrator uncertainty and the biological variation of the subject. Therefore, it is helpful in explaining the accuracy of test results. Background: Measurement uncertainty characterizes the dispersion of the quantity values attributed to a measurand. Although this concept was introduced to medical laboratories some years ago, not all medical researchers are familiar with it. Therefore, the evaluation and expression of measurement uncertainty must be highlighted using a practical example. Methods: In accordance with the procedure for evaluating and expressing uncertainty, provided by the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM), we used plasma glucose (Glu) as an example and defined it as the measurand. We then analyzed the main sources of uncertainty, evaluated each component of uncertainty, and calculated the combined uncertainty and expanded uncertainty with 2 budgets for single measurements and continuous monitoring, respectively. Results: During the measurement of Glu, the main sources of uncertainty included imprecision, within-subject biological variance (BVw), calibrator uncertainty, and systematic bias. We evaluated the uncertainty of each component to be 1.26%, 1.91%, 5.70%, 0.42%, and -2.87% for within-run imprecision, between-day imprecision, BVw, calibrator uncertainty, and systematic bias, respectively. For a single specimen, the expanded uncertainty was 7.38% or 6.1±0.45 mmol/L (κ=2); in continuous monitoring of Glu, the expanded uncertainty was 13.58% or 6.1±0.83 mmol/L (κ=2). Conclusions: We have demonstrated the overall procedure for evaluating and reporting uncertainty with 2 different budgets. The uncertainty is not only related to the medical laboratory in which the measurement is undertaken, but is also associated with the calibrator uncertainty and the biological variation of the subject. Therefore, it is helpful in explaining the accuracy of test results.

Safety and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

Zhang, Li,Chen, Xiaoyun,Cheng, Yanqi,Chen, Qilong,Tan, Hongsheng,Son, Dongwook,Chang, Dongpill,Bian, Zhaoxiang,Fang, Hong,Xu, Hongxi The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is widely used for strengthening the immune system and fighting fatigue, especially in people with deficiency syndrome. However, there is concern that the long-term application or a high dose of KRG can cause "fireness" (上火 in Chinese) because of its "dryness" (燥性 in Chinese). The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a 4-week treatment with KRG in participants with deficiency syndrome. Methods: This was a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 180 Chinese participants were randomly allocated to three groups: placebo control group, participants were given a placebo, 3.6 g/d; KRG 1.8 g and 3.6 g groups. The primary outcomes were the changes in fireness and safety evaluation (adverse events, laboratory tests, and electrocardiogram). The secondary outcomes were the efficacy of KRG on fatigue, which include the following: traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scale and fatigue self-assessment scale. Results: Of the 180 patients, 174 completed the full study. After 4 weeks of KRG treatment, the Fire-heat symptoms score including Excess fire-heat score and Deficient fire-heat score showed no significant change as compared with placebo treatment, and no clinically significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. Based on the TCM syndrome score and fatigue self-assessment score, TCM symptoms and fatigue were greatly improved after treatment with KRG, which showed a dose- and time-dependent effect. The total effective rate was also significantly increased in the KRG groups. Conclusion: Our study revealed that KRG has a potent antifatigue effect without significant adverse effects in people with deficiency syndrome. Although a larger sample size and longer treatment may be required for a more definite conclusion, this clinical trial is the first to disprove the common conception of "fireness" related to KRG.

GROUP-THEORETICAL ANALYSES OF IN-PLANE MODES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHONONIC CRYSTALS

Li Cai,Xiaoyun Han,Jianyu Fang,Shengbing Chen 한국소음진동공학회 2008 한국소음진동공학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.7

Safety and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

Li Zhang,Xiaoyun Chen,Yanqi Cheng,Qilong Chen,Hongsheng Tan,Dongwook Son,Dongpill Chang,Zhaoxiang Bian,Hong Fang,Hongxi Xu 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is widely used for strengthening the immune system andfighting fatigue, especially in people with deficiency syndrome. However, there is concern that the longtermapplication or a high dose of KRG can cause “fireness” (上火in Chinese) because of its “dryness” (燥性in Chinese). The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a 4-week treatment with KRGin participants with deficiency syndrome. Methods: This was a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 180Chinese participants were randomly allocated to three groups: placebo control group, participants weregiven a placebo, 3.6 g/d; KRG 1.8 g and 3.6 g groups. The primary outcomes were the changes in firenessand safety evaluation (adverse events, laboratory tests, and electrocardiogram). The secondary outcomeswere the efficacy of KRG on fatigue, which include the following: traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)symptom scale and fatigue self-assessment scale. Results: Of the 180 patients, 174 completed the full study. After 4 weeks of KRG treatment, the Fire-heatsymptoms score including Excess fire-heat score and Deficient fire-heat score showed no significantchange as compared with placebo treatment, and no clinically significant changes in any safetyparameter were observed. Based on the TCM syndrome score and fatigue self-assessment score, TCMsymptoms and fatigue were greatly improved after treatment with KRG, which showed a dose- and timedependenteffect. The total effective rate was also significantly increased in the KRG groups. Conclusion: Our study revealed that KRG has a potent antifatigue effect without significant adverse effectsin people with deficiency syndrome. Although a larger sample size and longer treatment may berequired for a more definite conclusion, this clinical trial is the first to disprove the common conceptionof “fireness” related to KRG.

Tracheal Membrane Rupture as the Cause of Pneumomediastinum in a Patient with COVID-19

Fu Bao,Hu Jie,Chen Tao,Fu Xiaoyun 대한영상의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.23 No.4

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Evaluate Nematode Assemblage Analysis as Indicators of Long-Term Organic Amendments on Soil Quality: A Comparison between Upland and Paddy Field Soil

Manqiang Liu,Yudi Liu,Xiaoyun Chen,Mingwei Wang,Daming Li,Qianru Huang,Huixin Li,Feng Hu 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Accurate Numerical Computation of Hot Deformation Behaviors by Integrating Finite Element Method with Artificial Neural Network

Yu Xiehua,Deng Linmao,Zhang Xiaoyun,Chen Meilong,Kuang Fengfei,Wang Yuan 한국정밀공학회 2018 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.19 No.3

Accurate flow behaviors characterization plays a decisive role in the design and optimization of hot plastic forming processes with finite element method (FEM). In this study, the hot compression tests at elevated temperature were performed on a Gleeble 3500 thermo-physical test machine to acquire the true stress-strain data of GH4169 superalloy. Subsequently, an artificial neural network (ANN) with back-propagation algorithm was employed to learn the experimental true stress-strain data and then predict the constitutive relationships outside experimental conditions. It was revealed that the ANN can precisely track and predict the flow behaviors of GH4169 superalloy. The optimally-constructed and well-trained ANN model was written into a general finite element (FE) software platform via a user defined material subroutine programmed in Fortran language. Finally, the simulated hot compression tests with the FE model implanted ANN model were conducted. The intercomparisons between the experimental and simulated stroke-load curves revealed that integration of FEM with ANN is a feasible approach to conduct quality numerical computation for the varied hot plastic forming processes.