On the Overseas Direct Investment of Chinese Privately-Owned Enterprises

XiaoYan Zhang,Taek-Dong Yeo 한국무역학회 2005 Journal of Korea trade Vol.9 No.1

Attributive to the internal strong vitality and dynamic mechanism as well as the government s progressive supportive policies, the Chinese privately owned enterprises (POEs) emerge fast, gradually playing active roles in undertaking overseas direct investment. However, like most Chinese firms, POEs are latecomers on the global stage with insufficient experience. In addition, their internal deficiencies and external limits make it more difficult to achieve successful overseas investment. This paper explores appropriate overseas investment strategies for the Chinese private enterprises. For successful overseas investment, POEs must take advantage of their vitality and dynamics and refrain from their disadvantages. Finally, this paper ends with assertion that the Chinese POEs with proper strategies equipped can surpass any other sectors in the Chinese economy and then play dominant roles in undertaking outward direct investment among the Chinese economy.

Gate driver for parallel connection SiC MOSFETs with over-current protection and dynamic current balancing scheme

Zhang, Yimeng,Song, Qingwen,Tang, Xiaoyan,Zhang, Yuming The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2020 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.20 No.1

In this paper, a SiC MOSFETs gate driver for parallel connections is proposed and implemented. The proposed design enhances the reliability of parallel-connected SiC MOSFETs in high-frequency applications. High-speed over-current protections are applied for both over-voltage and under-voltage situations. In addition, a dynamic balancing current sharing scheme for SiC MOSFETs is proposed for high-speed parallel applications by current feedback and switching delay time compensation. With the proposed design, parallel-connected SiC MOSFETs can work at an operation frequency of 1 MHz with over-current protections. In addition, with the dynamic current balancing scheme, the operation temperature decreases from 115 to 86.9 ℃, while the temperature difference for paralleled devices drops from 25.8 to 1.8 ℃.

On FDI strategies for Chinese Privately Owned Enterprises

XiaoYan Zhang,여택동 한국무역학회 2005 Journal of Korea trade Vol.9 No.1

Attributive to the internal strong vitality and dynamic mechanism as well as the government's progressive supportive policies, the Chinese privately owned enterprises (POEs) emerge fast, gradually playing active roles in undertaking overseas direct investment. However, like most Chinese firms, POEs are latecomers on the global stage with insufficient experience. In addition, their internal deficiencies and external limits make it more difficult to achieve successful overseas investment. This paper explores appropriate overseas investment strategies for the Chinese private enterprises. For successful overseas investment, POEs must take advantage of their vitality and dynamics and refrain from their disadvantages. Finally, this paper ends with assertion that the Chinese POEs with proper strategies equipped can surpass any other sectors in the Chinese economy and then play dominant roles in undertaking outward direct investment among the Chinese economy.

The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Pathological Response for Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined with PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitors

Xiaoyan Sun,Yingnan Feng,Bin Zhang,Wuhao Huang,Xiaoliang Zhao,Hua Zhang,Dongsheng Yue,Changli Wang 대한암학회 2022 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.54 No.4

Purpose The aim of our study was to investigate the value of baseline and preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the pathological response and disease-free survival (DFS) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or combined with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors in patients with resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods Resectable NSCLC patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors between January 2018 and January 2020 were included. Peripheral venous blood samples of the patients were collected within 3 days prior to the first neoadjuvant treatment and within 3 days prior to surgery. Results A total of 79 patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group and 89 patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone group were included. Thirty-five point four percent of the patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR) in neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group, whereas only 9.0% reached pCR in the group of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. High NLR level were correlated with poor pathological response and DFS in neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group. Multivariate analysis revealed that baseline NLR could independently predict pathological response and DFS in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group. Conclusion High NLR level were correlated with poor pathological response and shorter DFS in patients with NSCLC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors. Meanwhile, baseline NLR could independently predict response to pathological response and DFS, revealing its potential as a screening tool in NSCLC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors.

Novel Nucleotide Variations, Haplotypes Structure and Associations with Growth Related Traits of Goat AT Motif-Binding Factor (ATBF1) Gene

Zhang, Xiaoyan,Wu, Xianfeng,Jia, Wenchao,Pan, Chuanying,Li, Xiangcheng,Lei, Chuzhao,Chen, Hong,Lan, Xianyong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.10

The AT motif-binding factor (ATBF1) not only interacts with protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (PIAS3) to suppress STAT3 signaling regulating embryo early development and cell differentiation, but is required for early activation of the pituitary specific transcription factor 1 (Pit1) gene (also known as POU1F1) critically affecting mammalian growth and development. The goal of this study was to detect novel nucleotide variations and haplotypes structure of the ATBF1 gene, as well as to test their associations with growth-related traits in goats. Herein, a total of seven novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (SNP 1-7) within this gene were found in two well-known Chinese native goat breeds. Haplotypes structure analysis demonstrated that there were four haplotypes in Hainan black goat while seventeen haplotypes in Xinong Saanen dairy goat, and both breeds only shared one haplotype (hap1). Association testing revealed that the SNP2, SNP5, SNP6, and SNP7 loci were also found to significantly associate with growth-related traits in goats, respectively. Moreover, one diplotype in Xinong Saanen dairy goats significantly linked to growth related traits. These preliminary findings not only would extend the spectrum of genetic variations of the goat ATBF1 gene, but also would contribute to implementing marker-assisted selection in genetics and breeding in goats.

Novel Nucleotide Variations, Haplotypes Structure and Associations with Growth Related Traits of Goat AT Motif-Binding Factor (ATBF1) Gene

Xiaoyan Zhang,Xianfeng Wu,Wenchao Jia,Chuanying Pan,Xiangcheng Li,Chuzhao Lei,Hong Chen,Xianyong Lan 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.10

The AT motif-binding factor (ATBF1) not only interacts with protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (PIAS3) to suppress STAT3 signaling regulating embryo early development and cell differentiation, but is required for early activation of the pituitary specific transcription factor 1 (Pit1) gene (also known as POU1F1) critically affecting mammalian growth and development. The goal of this study was to detect novel nucleotide variations and haplotypes structure of the ATBF1 gene, as well as to test their associations with growth-related traits in goats. Herein, a total of seven novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (SNP 1-7) within this gene were found in two well-known Chinese native goat breeds. Haplotypes structure analysis demonstrated that there were four haplotypes in Hainan black goat while seventeen haplotypes in Xinong Saanen dairy goat, and both breeds only shared one haplotype (hap1). Association testing revealed that the SNP2, SNP5, SNP6, and SNP7 loci were also found to significantly associate with growth-related traits in goats, respectively. Moreover, one diplotype in Xinong Saanen dairy goats significantly linked to growth related traits. These preliminary findings not only would extend the spectrum of genetic variations of the goat ATBF1 gene, but also would contribute to implementing marker-assisted selection in genetics and breeding in goats.

Study on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of single dose oral tryptanthrin in Kunming mice by validated reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

Xiaoyan Zhang,Jie Xia,Wenjing Zhang,Yao Luo,Wenbo Sun,Wei Zhou 한국한의학연구원 2017 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.6 No.3

Background: Tryptanthrin is a major active constituent of several Chinese herbal plants, such as Isatidis radix. Tryptanthrin had been demonstrated to have several beneficial pharmacological effects in vitro for human diseases, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antibacteria activities. In contrast to the extensive in vitro investigations, the in vivo disposition process of tryptanthrin was explored limitedly. Methods: In this study, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue distribution of tryptanthrin in Kunming mice following a single oral dose of 80 mg/kg tryptanthrin were investigated for the first time. Mouse plasma, liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney and brain were collected and analyzed using a validated reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (RP-HPLC–UV) method after biological sample preparation by a simple liquid–liquid extraction. Results: The chromatographic analysis was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (5 μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm) and ultraviolet detection was set at a wavelength of 251 nm. The analysis was achieved with a mobile phase of methanol (A) and water (B) (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The method was linear over the concentration range of 4.0–400.0 μg/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 0.10–0.30 μg/mL. Inter- and intraday precisions (relative standard deviations %) were all within 2.93%. Recoveries of tryptanthrin were more than 86.44%. Maximal tryptanthrin concentrations in plasma and tissues of mice were reached within 2.5 hours. The actual highest concentration (Cmax) in mouse plasma was 3.13 μg/mL, the area under the curve (AUC0–t) was 9.38 h μg/mL, and the terminal half-life was 2.27 hours. The volume of distribution was 343.89 mL, the clearance rate was 204.58 mL/h, and the PK of tryptanthrin in mice after oral administration was fit to 2 compartment 1 st Order. After oral dosing of tryptanthrin to Kunming mice, the analyte was well distributed to the plasma and main tissues. Cmax was found in the liver with a mean value of 3.54 μg/g, followed by that in the kidney, lung, spleen, heart, and brain. Conclusion: In this study, a validated RP-HPLC–UV method was developed and successfully applied to PK and tissue distribution of oral tryptanthrin in mice. We confirmed that tryptanthrin was closely related and targeted to plasma, liver, kidney, and lung. These results indicate that tryptanthrin will have a good clinical application in the liver, kidney, or lung. The clinical use of tryptanthrin should focus on its pharmacodynamics and safety study in these tissues.

DnaJ of Streptococcus suis Type 2 Contributes to Cell Adhesion and Thermotolerance

Zhang, Xiaoyan,Jiang, Xiaowu,Yang, Ling,Fang, Lihua,Shen, Hongxia,Lu, Xingmeng,Fang, Weihuan The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.6

To examine if the molecular chaperone DnaK operon proteins of Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) are involved in adhesion to host cells, the abundance values of these proteins from the surface of two SS2 strains of different adhesion capability were compared. Their roles in growth and adhesion to human laryngeal epithelial cell line HEp-2 cells were investigated on SS2 strain HA9801 and its mutants with DnaK operon genes partially knocked-out (PKO mutant) under heat stress. The major difference was that DnaJ was more abundant in strain HA9801 than in strain JX0811. Pretreatment of the bacteria with hyperimmune sera to DnaJ, but not with those to other proteins, could significantly reduce SS2 adhesion to HEp-2 cells. PKO of dnaJ g ene resulted in decreased SS2 growth at 37℃ and 42℃, and reduced its adhesion to HEp-2 cells. The wild-type strain stressed at 42℃ had increased expression of DnaJ on its surface and elevated adhesion to HEp-2 cells, which was also inhibitable by DnaJ specific antiserum. These results indicate that the DnaJ of S. suis type 2 is important not only for thermotolerance but also for adhesion to host cells. Because DnaJ expression is increased upon temperature upshift with increased exposure on the bacterial surface, the febrile conditions of the cases with systemic infections might help facilitate bacterial adhesion to host cells. DnaJ could be one of the potential candidates as a subunit vaccine because of its good immunogenicity.

Does Capital Structure Affect Firm Performance?

Xiaoyan Zhang 대한경영학회 2016 대한경영학회 학술발표대회 발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

This paper takes 36 companies as sample which are first listed in growth enterprise market, using panel threshold regression to verify the relationship between capital structure and corporate performance. After considering dividends, scale growth, investment diversification, managerial ownership and other factors, the empirical result is consistent with the trade-off theory, that is, there exists optimal capital structure according to listing companies in GEM market. The relationship between capital structure and corporate performance is nonlinear, when liability ratio is below 0.1769, increase the liability ratio can improve corporate performance, and when liability ratio is above 0.1769, increases the liability ratio can reduce corporate performance. As a result, GEM companies should use financial leverage appropriately, in order to realize the goal of corporate value maximization.

Prebiotics enhance the biotransformation and bioavailability of ginsenosides in rats by modulating gut microbiota

Xiaoyan Zhang,Sha Chen,Feipeng Duan,An Liu,Shaojing Li,Wen Zhong,Wei Sheng,Jun Chen,Jiang Xu,Shuiming Xiao 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.2

Background: Gut microbiota mainly function in the biotransformation of primary ginsenosides into bioactive metabolites. Herein, we investigated the effects of three prebiotic fibers by targeting gut microbiota on the metabolism of ginsenoside Rb1 in vivo. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were administered with ginsenoside Rb1 after a two-week prebiotic intervention of fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, and fibersol-2, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis of ginsenoside Rb1 and its metabolites was performed, whilst the microbial composition and metabolic function of gut microbiota were examined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Results: The results showed that peak plasma concentration and area under concentration time curve of ginsenoside Rb1 and its intermediate metabolites, ginsenoside Rd, F2, and compound K (CK), in the prebiotic intervention groups were increased at various degrees compared with those in the control group. Gut microbiota dramatically responded to the prebiotic treatment at both taxonomical and functional levels. The abundance of Prevotella, which possesses potential function to hydrolyze ginsenoside Rb1 into CK, was significantly elevated in the three prebiotic groups (P < 0.05). The gut metagenomic analysis also revealed the functional gene enrichment for terpenoid/polyketide metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, propanoate metabolism, etc. Conclusion: These findings imply that prebiotics may selectively promote the proliferation of certain bacterial stains with glycoside hydrolysis capacity, thereby, subsequently improving the biotransformation and bioavailability of primary ginsenosides in vivo.