Effects of Starvation on Lipid Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis in Yak

Yu, Xiaoqiang,Peng, Quanhui,Luo, Xiaolin,An, Tianwu,Guan, Jiuqiang,Wang, Zhisheng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.11

This research was conducted to investigate the physiological consequences of undernourished yak. Twelve Maiwa yak ($110.3{\pm}5.85kg$) were randomly divided into two groups (baseline and starvation group). The yak of baseline group were slaughtered at day 0, while the other group of yak were kept in shed without feed but allowed free access to water, salt and free movement for 9 days. Blood samples of the starvation group were collected on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and the starved yak were slaughtered after the final blood sample collection. The liver and muscle glycogen of the starvation group decreased (p<0.01), and the lipid content also decreased while the content of moisture and ash increased (p<0.05) both in Longissimus dorsi and liver compared with the baseline group. The plasma insulin and glucose of the starved yak decreased at first and then kept stable but at a relatively lower level during the following days (p<0.01). On the contrary, the non-esterified fatty acids was increased (p<0.01). Beyond our expectation, the ketone bodies of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid decreased with prolonged starvation (p<0.01). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of lipogenetic enzyme fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase in subcutaneous adipose tissue of starved yak were down-regulated (p<0.01), whereas the mRNA expression of lipolytic enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and hormone sensitive lipase were up-regulated (p<0.01) after 9 days of starvation. The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase, responsible for hepatic gluconeogenesis were up-regulated (p<0.01). It was concluded that yak derive energy by gluconeogenesis promotion and fat storage mobilization during starvation but without ketone body accumulation in the plasma.

Biosensors and chemosensors based on the optical responses of polydiacetylenes

Chen, Xiaoqiang,Zhou, Guodong,Peng, Xiaojun,Yoon, Juyoung The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical Society reviews Vol.41 No.13

<P>Polydiacetylenes (PDAs), a family of conjugated polymers, have very unique electrical and optical properties. Upon environmental stimulation, such as by viruses, proteins, DNAs, metal ions, organic molecules <I>etc</I>., the blue PDAs can undergo a colorimetric transition from blue to red, which is accompanied by a fluorescence enhancement. Since the first report on polymerized diacetylene molecules as sensors of influenza virus, the development of efficient sensory systems based on PDAs continues to be of great interest. This <I>tutorial review</I> highlights the recent advances in bio- and chemo-sensors derived from polydiacetylenes.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>In this review, the recent advances in the development of chemical and biological sensors based on the polydiacetylene platform are highlighted. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cs35055f'> </P>

Fluorescent and colorimetric probes for detection of thiols

Chen, Xiaoqiang,Zhou, Ying,Peng, Xiaojun,Yoon, Juyoung Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Chemical Society reviews Vol.39 No.6

<P>Due to the biological importances of thiols, such as cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione, the development of optical probes for thiols has been an active research area in recent few years. This <I>critical review</I> focuses on the fluorescent or colorimetric sensors for thiols according to their unique mechanisms between sensors and thiols, including Michael addition, cyclization with aldehyde, cleavage of sulfonamide and sulfonate ester by thiols, cleavage of selenium–nitrogen bond by thiols, cleavage of disulfide by thiols, metal complexes-oxidation–reduction, metal complexes-displace coordination, nano-particles and others (110 references).</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>This review focuses on the fluorescent or colorimetric sensors for thiols according to their unique mechanisms between sensors and thiols. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b925092a'> </P>

Design and Manufacture of High Accurate Aerostatic Guideway with Glass Material

Tao Lai,Xiaoqiang Peng,Meng Guo,Guipeng Tie,Chaoliang Guan,Junfeng Liu,Aihua Chen 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.6

Universal materials such as metal and marble are applied for aerostatic guideway. However, metal or marble guideway is usually manufactured by traditional turning and grinding. The corresponding geometric error, load and stiffness of the guideway are limited by the accuracy of traditional manufacture. Glass guideway can be measured by the optical method, thereby improving the performance. This paper presents a guideway designed and manufactured with the K9 glass. The guideway is manufactured by computer controlled optical surfacing and magnetorheological finishing. Moreover, the optical measurement is applied to measure the flatness and the geometric error of the guideway. Besides, the slider on the guideway is designed based on orifice compensated. The working surface error of the guideway is less than 0.1 μm, and the gas film is smaller than traditional aerostatic bearing. Therefore, the load and stiffness of the aerostatic sliders are higher than the traditional slider. Additionally, the effects of configuration and load onto the accuracy of guideway are introduced. The motional geometric error is measured after assembling, with the results that the pitch is better than 0.4 arcsecs and the yaw is better than 0.9 arcsecs. Furthermore, the straightness is compensated at 50 nm/200 mm. At last, the guideway is applied for an ultra-precision profilometer, and a flat is measured by the profilometer, giving 0.1 μm repeatable flatness.

Calculation of Effect Ratio of 21 Geometric Errors and Detection of Surface Figure Error

Tao Lai,Xiaoqiang Peng,Guipeng Tie,Can Yang 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.22 No.4

Traditionally, a machine tool is regarded as a rigid-multi body system, and it is studied by integrated geometric error modeling. Considering a three axis-machine, this study introduced the ratio and effects of the geometric errors on the surface figure error. First, based on synchronous iteration location, a surface matching model was employed to assess the coordinate measurement result. Subsequently, considering all the geometric error functions having the same parameters, the effect ratio and the surface figure error of a single geometric error were obtained. Concurrently, based on the effect ratio and surface figure error results, the main geometric errors were obtained, such as EZX, EZY, EAX, and COY. Moreover, the proposed method and the main errors were experimentally verified. By compensating the main errors, the sphere accuracy was improved by 53.4% and the flat accuracy by 70.0%. Additionally, the method proposed in this paper could be utilized to detect the surface figure error.

An Evaluation Model for Analyzing the Overlay Error of Computer-generated Holograms

Zihao Gan,Xiaoqiang Peng,Huajie Hong 한국광학회 2020 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.4 No.4

Computer-generated holograms (CGH) are the core devices to solve the problem of freeform surface measurement. In view of the overlay error introduced in the manufacturing process of CGH, this paper proposes an evaluation model for analyzing the overlay error of CGH. The detection method of extracting CGH profile information by an ultra-depth of field micro-measurement system is presented. Furthermore, based on the detection method and technical scheme, the effect of overlay error on the wavefront accuracy of CGH can be evaluated.

Improvement of OPW-TR Algorithm for Compressing GPS Trajectory Data

( Qingbin Meng ),( Xiaoqiang Yu ),( Chunlong Yao ),( Xu Li ),( Peng Li ),( Xin Zhao ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 Journal of information processing systems Vol.13 No.3

Massive volumes of GPS trajectory data bring challenges to storage and processing. These issues can be addressed by compression algorithm which can reduce the size of the trajectory data. A key requirement for GPS trajectory compression algorithm is to reduce the size of the trajectory data while minimizing the loss of information. Synchronized Euclidean distance (SED) as an important error measure is adopted by most of the existing algorithms. In order to further reduce the SED error, an improved algorithm for open window time ratio (OPW-TR) called local optimum open window time ratio (LO-OPW-TR) is proposed. In order to make SED error smaller, the anchor points are selected by calculating point`s accumulated synchronized Euclidean distance (ASED). A variety of error metrics are used for the algorithm evaluation. The experimental results show that the errors of our algorithm are smaller than the existing algorithms in terms of SED and speed errors under the same compression ratio.

Athermalization of an Optical System Based on Lens Shape and Assembly Method

Sihua Xu,Xiaoqiang Peng,Guipeng Tie,Chaoliang Guan,Hao Hu,Yupeng Xiong 한국광학회 2019 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.3 No.5

Temperature adaptability is an important metric for evaluating the performance of an optical system. The temperature characteristics of the optical system are closely related to the material and shape of its lens. In this paper, we establish a mathematical model relating the temperature characteristics to the shape and material of the lens. Then a novel assembly structure that can solve the lens constraint and positioning problem is proposed. From those basics, the correctness of the theoretical model and the effectiveness of the assembly structure are verified through simulated analysis of the imaging quality of the optical system, whose operating temperature range is -60~100°C.

Improvement of OPW-TR Algorithm for Compressing GPS Trajectory Data

Meng, Qingbin,Yu, Xiaoqiang,Yao, Chunlong,Li, Xu,Li, Peng,Zhao, Xin Korea Information Processing Society 2017 Journal of information processing systems Vol.13 No.3

Massive volumes of GPS trajectory data bring challenges to storage and processing. These issues can be addressed by compression algorithm which can reduce the size of the trajectory data. A key requirement for GPS trajectory compression algorithm is to reduce the size of the trajectory data while minimizing the loss of information. Synchronized Euclidean distance (SED) as an important error measure is adopted by most of the existing algorithms. In order to further reduce the SED error, an improved algorithm for open window time ratio (OPW-TR) called local optimum open window time ratio (LO-OPW-TR) is proposed. In order to make SED error smaller, the anchor points are selected by calculating point's accumulated synchronized Euclidean distance (ASED). A variety of error metrics are used for the algorithm evaluation. The experimental results show that the errors of our algorithm are smaller than the existing algorithms in terms of SED and speed errors under the same compression ratio.

Machining model of position-attitude in Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) of high-precision off-axis aspheric optical elements

CI SONG,Yifan Dai,Xiaoqiang Peng,Yin Wang,Yong Su 한국정밀공학회 2013 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

Two machining position-attitude model including Parent mirror Coordinate Position-Attitude Model (PCPAM) and Child mirror Coordinate Position-Attitude Model (CCPAM) are proposed for the fabrication of off-axis aspheric based on the manufacturing characteristics of off-axis aspheric and Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) technology. The machining ability, machining difficulty and machining accuracy of the two models are researched theoretically, and the simulated results of an off-axis mirror demonstrate that CCPAM is better than PCPAM over all those three aspects. An off-axis aspheric which has the same parameters as simulated was figured by MRF and the final accuracy is 14 nm RMS after two runs costing about 9 hours. The experiment testified the validity of CCPAM in the MRF process of off-axis aspheric, and indicates that more benefit can be obtained when CCPAM is adopted to manufacture an off-axis aspheric in MRF.