The pathogenesis and treatment of chronic allograft nephropathy

Li, Can,Yang, Chul Woo Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2009 Nature reviews. Nephrology Vol.5 No.9

<P>Despite improvements in immunosuppressive therapy, long-term allograft survival after kidney transplantation remains as low as 50%. Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is a major cause of late graft loss in renal transplant recipients. The histopathologic signs of CAN-interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, glomerulopathy and vasculopathy-are nonspecific; therefore, the 2007 Banff classification dispensed with the term CAN in favor of 'interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy without evidence of any specific etiology'. In this Review, however, the term CAN is used to describe a clinical syndrome that is characterized by progressive decline in renal function from 3 months after transplantation, accompanied by the development of proteinuria and hypertension. The pathogenesis of CAN is complex and incompletely understood, and involves several immunological and non-immunological factors. We discuss the contributory roles of acute rejection, donor age, anti-human-leukocyte-antigen antibodies, calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxic effects, viral infection, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The prevention and treatment of CAN needs multidisciplinary strategies. Early detection by means of protocol biopsy and calculation of glomerular filtration rate is the first step, followed by management of modifiable risk factors.</P>

Experimental study on timing and pattern of gas injection in low permeability reservoir

Wei Huang,Shenglai Yang,Meng Chen,Zhipeng Qiu,Can Chen,Hao Chen 한국자원공학회 2014 Geosystem engineering Vol.17 No.3

Experiments were conducted to study the selection of development methods for low permeability reservoir exploitation after water drive, including the effects of different gas injection cycle times and different injection modes on oil displacement efficiency. Results showed that both gas injection cycle time and injection mode have significant effects on oil displacement efficiency. Based on the results of gas injection cycle time of the displacement with mode shifting to gas drive when water cut reaches 50% and 100%, it can be concluded that in the low permeability reservoir, which is exploited by water drive in the early time, the sooner the gas injection, the higher the oil displacement efficiency is. Because high water saturation can cause serious water-blocking effect, leading to a large amount of trapped oil and low displacement efficiency. Further, in view of the results of water drive, gas injection, and water alternating gas (WAG) flooding, it is obvious that WAG flooding is one of the best methods in enhanced oil recovery. Under the effect of gravity differentiation, WAG flooding can spread to the upper reservoir, which cannot be swept by water drive. Thus, the oil recovery factor can be improved effectively. However, it should be noted that gas injectivity should be considered in the field test.

Effects of operational parameters on performance of the air-powered needle-free injector

Yang Zhu,Can Kang,Wei Cai,Jing Liu,Chao Huang 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.8

The needle-free injection is a new technique for treating subcutaneous drug delivery through penetrating the skin with a high-speed liquid drug jet. The present study aims to reveal fluid dynamics characteristics of the needle-free injection. The operational parameters such as the driving pressure, the nozzle diameter and the liquid volume were investigated for an air-powered needle-free injection system using experimental techniques. The results show that the peak stagnation pressure determines the penetration performance of the jet and is significantly affected by the driving pressure, nozzle diameter and liquid volume. Furthermore, the entire injection process of fluid in the gel can be defined as two phases of penetration and diffusion. Thus, the dispersion characteristics of fluid in different phases could be controlled by an effective combination of the nozzle diameter and liquid volume. Overall, the obtained conclusions provide a sound support for understanding the operation of the needle-free injector.

All-Inorganic Bismuth Halide Perovskite-Like Materials A₃Bi₂I₉ and A₃Bi_1.8Na_0.2I_8.6 (A = Rb and Cs) for Low-Voltage Switching Resistive Memory

Cuhadar, Can,Kim, Seul-Gi,Yang, June-Mo,Seo, Ja-Young,Lee, Donghwa,Park, Nam-Gyu American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.35

<P>As silicon-based metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors get closer to their scaling limit, the importance of resistive random-access memory devices increases due to their low power consumption, high endurance and retention performance, scalability, and fast switching speed. In the last couple of years, organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have been used for resistive switching applications, where they outperformed conventional metal oxides in terms of large on/off ratio and low power consumption. However, there were scarce reports on lead-free perovskites for such applications. In this report, we prepared lead-free Au/A<SUB>3</SUB>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>I<SUB>9</SUB>/Pt/Ti/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si (A is either Cs<SUP>+</SUP> or Rb<SUP>+</SUP>) devices and tested their resistive switching characteristics. They showed a forming step prior to repeating switching, low operating voltage (0.09 V for Rb<SUB>3</SUB>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>I<SUB>9</SUB> and 0.1 V for Cs<SUB>3</SUB>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>I<SUB>9</SUB>), large on/off ratio (>10<SUP>7</SUP>), relatively high endurance (200 cycles for Rb<SUB>3</SUB>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>I<SUB>9</SUB> and 400 cycles for Cs<SUB>3</SUB>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>I<SUB>9</SUB> cycles), and high retention (1000 s). Such low voltage could be explained by grain boundary-modulated ion drift. Difference in endurance was speculated to be due to the difference in the surface roughness of films because Cs<SUB>3</SUB>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>I<SUB>9</SUB> films are smoother. To get rid of the forming step, 10% of the Bi<SUP>3+</SUP> cations were substituted with Na<SUP>+</SUP> cations. However, this method only worked on Rb-based structures. This phenomenon was explained by the defect formation energy, which can only be negative in a corner-sharing Rb<SUB>3</SUB>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>I<SUB>9</SUB> structure compared to a face-sharing octahedral Cs<SUB>3</SUB>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>I<SUB>9</SUB> structure. As a result, the forming step was removed, and 100 cycles endurance and 1000 s retention performance were obtained. Similarly, the lower endurance is suspected to be due to the poor surface quality of the film.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

조선 시대 길상(吉祥) 문양을 이용한 텍스타일 디자인 연구

양찬(Yang Can),이성원(Lee, Sung Won) 한국디자인리서치학회 2020 한국디자인리서치 Vol.5 No.4

인간은 누구에게나 좋고 반가운 행복이 있길 소망한다. 조선 시대 인간의 바람이었던 길상(吉祥)은 문양으로 표현돼 현재까지 다양한 상징성과 장식을 지닌 문양으로 발전했다. 조선 시대 궁중에 나타난 좋고 상서로움이 있길 원하는 마음이 담긴 길상의 문양으로 표현된 건축물들과 서민들의 소망이 담긴 길상 문양에 이르기까지 여러 가지 소재의 접목된 생활용품에 다양한 표현 방법으로 전통문화 예술과 현대 디자인 문화의 조형적 표현 사례로 현재 많은 분야에서 재해석되고 있다. 본 연구는 아이에게 행복과 좋은 일이 있길 기원하는 마음으로 텍스타일 디자인에 길상 문양의 응용과 활용, 재해석을 통해 유아용 어패럴 제품을 접목하였으며, 다음과 같이 연구를 진행하였다. 첫째, 서론으로 연구목적과 범위 및 연구 방법에 관해 서술하였다. 연구범위는 조선 시대 건축물과 서민의 공예품에 나타난 길상 문양을 중심으로 국한하였으며, 연구 방법은 선행자료(인터넷 자료, 전시자료, 논문)의 수집과 문헌 연구를 조사하여 내용 분석하였다. 둘째, 본론으로 조선 시대 길상 문양 특성을 연구하였다. 궁중의 건축물과 공예품에 나타난 길상 문양을 동물문양, 식물문양, 자연 산수문양, 기타 문양(문자문양)으로 구분하여, 길상 문양이 활용된 노리개, 베갯모, 나전칠기, 복주머니, 수막새 등 소재별 다양한 길상 문양의 상징성을 분석하였다. 셋째, 연구 결과로 설문 조사 분석을 통해 자녀들에게 행복의 염원이 담긴 길상 문양을 재해석하여 현대 텍스타일 분야에 활용하였으며, 유아용 어패럴 디자인인 침구류, 잠옷, 턱받이에 접목시켜 디자인 개발하였다. 본 연구는 인간의 행복한 삶, 좋은 일이 일어나길 기원하는 길상 문양의 상징이 부여된 유아용 어패럴 텍스타일 디자인 개발을 통해 우리나라 전통의 상징성과 특성을 가진 섬유 산업 디자인 분야의 중요한 자료로 이용되길 기대한다. Humans wish everyone good and happy happiness. The auspicious humanity of the Joseon Dynasty was represented by patterns, and has developed into patterns with various symbolism and decorations up to the present. Life that fuses various materials, ranging from the buildings that were expressed in the Gilsang pattern with the heart that I wished to have a good overwriting shown in the palace of the Joseon Dynasty and the Gilsang pattern that the wishes of the common people were put It has been reinterpreted in many fields in the present era as an example of the artistic expression of traditional cultural arts and modern design culture in various ways of expression for goods. In this research, researchers who helped a happy life through various applications, utilization, and reinterpretation of textile (baby apparel) design with the desire for happiness and goodness for children proceeded with the research as follows. First, I described the purpose and scope of the research and the research method. The scope of the research is limited to the Gilsang pattern that appeared in the buildings of the Imperial Palace in the Joseon era and the ornaments of the common people. The research method was analyzed by collecting prior data (internet data, exhibition data, papers) and literature research. Second, as a main topic, the characteristics of the Gilsang pattern of the Joseon Dynasty were studied. The auspicious patterns that appear on the buildings of the palace and the ornaments of the common people are classified into animal patterns, plant patterns, natural landscape patterns, and other patterns (text patterns). The symbolism of various auspicious patterns was analyzed. Third, as a result of the study, through survey analysis, the auspicious pattern containing the wish of happiness for children was reinterpreted and used in the modern textile field, and the design was developed by incorporating it into bedding, pajamas, and bibs, which are apparel designs for children. This study hopes that it will be used as an important material in the textile industry design field with the symbolism and characteristics of Korea s tradition through the development of apparel textile design for babies with a symbol of Gilsang pattern wishing for a happy life and good things to happen.

The Contribution of Functional Groups in Carbon Nanotube Electrodes to the Electrochemical Performance

Song-Can Wang,Juan Yang,Xiang-Yang Zhou,Jing Xie 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.1

In this paper, carboxylic acid functionalized and aminated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared via mixacid treatment and further amination. In comparison with pristine CNTs, the effect of functional groups on the electrochemical properties was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) suggested that the highly tangled long ropes of CNT were cut into short, open-ended pipes with the corresponding functional groups grafted successfully onto their surfaces. The amount of functional groups was further determined by acid-base titration. Charge-discharge testing and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the electrochemical behaviors of the samples. It is found that the as-received functional groups, especially the carboxylic groups evidently improved the capacities of the electrodes due to the reversible Faradic reaction. Therefore, functionalized CNTs may be the promising material used in lithium ion batteries to deliver both high reversible capacity and high power capability.

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Two Metal Complexes Incorporating Malonate and Organodiamine Ligands

Can-Zhong Lu,Wen-Bin Yang,Shu-Mei Chen,Quan-Zheng Zhang 대한화학회 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.10

AtFes1A is essential for highly efficient molecular chaperone function in Arabidopsis

Can Fu,Jingxia Zhang,Xiaxia Liu,Wenwen Yang,유홍빈,Jian Liu 한국식물학회 2015 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.58 No.6

AtFes1A is a co-chaperone of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), which is a key component of plant molecular chaperone systems. Plants without AtFes1A generally present defective thermotolerance. However, the underlying mechanism of this molecule has remained elusive. In the present study, we used thermolabile firefly luciferase as a molecular reporter to evaluate the efficiency of the plant molecular chaperone system. Renaturation of firefly luciferase in atfes1a mutants lagged far behind that of wild-type (WT) plants. In contrast, in vitro AtFes1A did not affect renaturation of firefly luciferase, whereas Hsp70 did significantly. We propose that AtFes1A is indirectly involved in plant molecular chaperone systems.

Protective enzymes and genes related to the JA pathway are involved in the response to root-knot nematodes at high soil temperatures in tomatoes carrying Mi-1

Canli Hu,Wenchao Zhao,Jingwei Fan,Zilong Li,Rui Yang,Fukuan Zhao,JianLi Wang,Shaohui Wang 한국원예학회 2015 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.56 No.4

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) are obligate endoparasites that infect a large number of crop plants and cause severe yield losses. Tomato cultivars carrying the Mi-1 gene conferring root-knot nematode resistance have been widely used, but this gene loses its effectiveness at soil temperatures above 28°C. In this study, the mechanism of the loss of resistance to RKNs at high soil temperatures was examined using LA0655 (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Anahu), which contains the Mi-1 gene. It was found that high soil temperatures delayed the expression of the Mi-1 gene and reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanase. Although genes in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway exhibited an obvious response at high soil temperatures, this response could not prevent the invasion of RKNs; indeed, at 30 days after inoculation with RKNs, the plants produced large numbers of root knots and egg masses at a soil temperature of 32°C.

Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 as a Potential Biomarker in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma

Can-Tong Liu,Yi-Wei Xu,Hong Guo,Chao-Qun Hong,Xin-Yi Huang,Yu-Hao Luo,Shi-Han Yang,Ling-Yu Chu,En- Min Li,Yu-Hui Peng 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.6

Background/Aims: Esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EJA) is a malignant tumor associated with high morbidity and has attracted increasing attention due to a rising incidence and low survival rate. Pathological biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but noninvasive and effective tests are lacking, resulting in diagnoses at advanced stages. This study explored the diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in EJA. Methods: A total of 120 EJA patients and 88 normal controls were recruited, and their serum levels of IGFBP7 were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value, and Pearson chi-square analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between IGFBP7 and clinical parameters. Kaplan- Meier survival analysis was carried out to assess the effect of IGFBP7 on overall survival (OS). Results: The levels of IGFBP7 were higher in both early- and late-stage EJA patients than in normal controls (p<0.001). The area under the ROC curve for EJA patients was 0.794 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.733 to 0.854), with a cutoff value of 2.716 ng/mL, a sensitivity of 63.3% (95% CI, 54.0% to 71.8%) and a specificity of 90.9% (95% CI, 82.4% to 95.7%). For the diagnosis of early-stage EJA, the same cutoff value and specificity were obtained, but the sensitivity of IGFBP7 was 54.3% (95% CI, 36.9% to 70.8%). Patients with low IGFBP7 protein expression had lower OS than those with high expression (p=0.034). The multivariate analysis showed that IGFBP7 is an independent prognostic factor for EJA (p=0.011). Conclusions: Serum IGFBP7 acts as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for EJA.