Identification of Volatile Components in Phyllanthus emblica L. and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Xiaoli Liu,Mouming Zhao,Wei Luo,Bao Yang,Yueming Jiang 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

The volatile components and in vitro antimicrobial activities of Emblica (Phyllanthus emblica L.) essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydrodistillation (HD-EO) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-EO) were investigated. The compositions of volatile compounds in these oils were tentatively determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activites of these two extracts were investigated with microbiological tests against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and three pathogenic fungi. The main components of both oils were β-caryophyllene, β-bourbonene, 1-octen-3-ol, thymol, and methyleugenol. Both essential oils showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the investigated oils than Gram-negative bacteria. SFE-EO exhibited a higher antifungal activity compared to HD-EO.

Identification of Volatile Components in Phyllanthus emblica L. and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Liu, Xiaoli,Zhao, Mouming,Luo, Wei,Yang, Bao,Jiang, Yueming The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

The volatile components and in vitro antimicrobial activities of Emblica (Phyllanthus emblica L.) essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydrodistillation (HD-EO) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-EO) were investigated. The compositions of volatile compounds in these oils were tentatively determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activites of these two extracts were investigated with microbiological tests against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and three pathogenic fungi. The main components of both oils were $\beta$-caryophyllene, $\beta$-bourbonene, 1-octen-3-ol, thymol, and methyleugenol. Both essential oils showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the investigated oils than Gram-negative bacteria. SFE-EO exhibited a higher antifungal activity compared to HD-EO.

Enhancement on antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Brightwell blueberry by extraction and purification

Liu Haonan,Wu Han,Wang Ying,Wang Fan,Liu Xiaoli,Zhou Jianzhong 한국응용생명화학회 2021 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.64 No.6

A blueberry anthocyanin extract was obtained from Brightwell blueberry fruits cultivated in eastern China and the extraction and purification conditions were optimized. The components of the anthocyanin extract were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization interface-mass spectrometer. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the blueberry fruit supernatant (BFS), blueberry anthocyanin crude extract (BCE), and blueberry anthocyanin rich extract (BRE) were evaluated. The extraction yield was 1.79 ± 0.0014 mg/g under the following optimal conditions: 1:20 solid-to-liquid ratio (v/w), 24 h, 34 °C, and 90% ethanol containing 0.21% (v/v) hydrochloric acid. With regard to purification, anthocyanin purity increased 19.1-fold. Nine fractions were identified as the glycosides of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, and malvidin. The biological activities of the blueberry anthocyanin extract were improved through extraction and purification. Compared with BFS and BCE, BRE had a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity ( EC50 = 0.51 mg/mL), ABTS antioxidant capacity ( EC50 = 0.32 mg/mL), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (0.43 mmol Trolox/g). Furthermore, BRE (2 mg/mL) showed a maximum of 84.64 ± 0.35% reduction in the biofilm biomass of Listeria monocytogenes and the inhibition zone given by BRE against Escherichia coli was 16.04 ± 0.38 mm. BRE showed the highest antioxidant capacities and obvious antibacterial effects against foodrelated microorganisms than the other samples. Therefore, BRE can be used as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent and has potential health advantages and food industry applications.

Disruption of Striated Preferentially Expressed Gene Locus Leads to Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Mice

Liu, Xiaoli,Ramjiganesh, Tripurasundari,Chen, Yen-Hsu,Chung, Su Wol,Hall, Sean R.,Schissel, Scott L.,Padera Jr, Robert F.,Liao, Ronglih,Ackerman, Kate G.,Kajstura, Jan,Leri, Annarosa,Anversa, Piero,Ye Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2009 CIRCULATION - Vol.119 No.2

<P>BACKGROUND: The striated preferentially expressed gene (Speg) generates 4 different isoforms through alternative promoter use and tissue-specific splicing. Depending on the cell type, Speg isoforms may serve as markers of striated or smooth muscle differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS: To elucidate function of Speg gene isoforms, we disrupted the Speg gene locus in mice by replacing common exons 8, 9, and 10 with a lacZ gene. beta-Galactosidase activity was detected in cardiomyocytes of the developing heart starting at day 11.5 days post coitum (dpc). beta-Galactosidase activity in other cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells, did not begin until 18.5 dpc. In the developing heart, protein expression of only Spegalpha and Spegbeta isoforms was present in cardiomyocytes. Homozygous Speg mutant hearts began to enlarge by 16.5 dpc, and by 18.5 dpc, they demonstrated dilation of right and left atria and ventricles. These cardiac abnormalities in the absence of Speg were associated with a cellular hypertrophic response, myofibril degeneration, and a marked decrease in cardiac function. Moreover, Speg mutant mice exhibited significant neonatal mortality, with increased death occurring by 2 days after birth. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that mutation of the Speg locus leads to cardiac dysfunction and a phenotype consistent with a dilated cardiomyopathy.</P>

Multi-objective particle swarm optimization with dynamic population size

Shu Xiaoli,Liu Yanmin,Liu Jun,Yang Meilan,Zhang Qian 한국CDE학회 2023 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.10 No.1

There are many complex multi-objective optimization problems in the real world, which are difficult to solve using traditional optimization methods. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization is one of the effective algorithms to solve such problems. This paper proposes a multi-objective particle swarm optimization with dynamic population size (D-MOPSO), which helps to compensate for the lack of convergence and diversity brought by particle swarm optimization, and makes full use of the existing resources in the search process. In D-MOPSO, population size increases or decreases depending on the resources in the archive, thereby regulating population size. On the one hand, particles are added according to local perturbations to improve particle exploration. On the other hand, the non-dominated sorting and population density are used to control the population size to prevent the excessive growth of population size. Finally, the algorithm is compared with 13 competing multi-objective optimization algorithms on four series of benchmark problems. The results show that the proposed algorithm has advantages in solving different benchmark problems.

Using tyrosinase as a tri-modality reporter gene to monitor transplanted stem cells in acute myocardial infarction

Mei Liu,Yichun Wang,Mengting Li,Hongyan Feng,Qingyao Liu,Chunxia Qin,Yongxue Zhang,Xiaoli Lan 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

The study aimed to investigate the feasibility of noninvasive monitoring of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transduced with the tyrosinase reporter gene for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with photoacoustic imaging (PAI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) in vitro and in vivo. MSCs were transduced with a lentivirus carrying a tyrosinase reporter gene. After transduction, the rate of 18F-5-fluoro-N-(2- [diethylamino]ethyl)picolinamide (18F-5-FPN) uptake was measured. PAI and MRI of stable cell lines expressing tyrosinase (TYR-MSCs) were performed in vitro. An AMI model was induced and verified. TYR-MSCs and MSCs were injected into the margins of the infarcted areas, and PAI, MRI, and PET images were acquired 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after cell injection. Sham-operated models without injection were used as the control group. TYR-MSCs showed noticeably higher uptake of 18F-5-FPN and stronger signals in T1-weighted MRI and PAI than non-transduced MSCs. In vivo studies revealed prominent signals in the injected area of the infarcted myocardium on PAI/MRI/PET images, whereas no signal could be seen in rats injected with non-transduced MSCs or sham-operated rats. The uptake values of 18F-5-FPN in vivo showed a slight decrease over 28 days, whereas MRI and PAI signal intensity decreased dramatically. MSCs stably transduced with the tyrosinase reporter gene could be monitored in vivo in myocardial infarction models by PET, MRI, and PAI, providing a feasible and reliable method for checking the viability, location, and dwell time of transplanted stem cells.

Investigation of Multiscale Failure Mechanism of Red Bed Soft Rock using Grain-Based Finite-Discrete Element Method Combined with X-Ray Micro-computerized Tomography

Chi Liu,Xiaoli Liu,Chunlu Wu,Enzhi Wang,Sijing Wang,Haoyang Peng 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.3

The mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of geomaterials are greatly affected by their heterogeneity. As a special complex rock medium, the mechanical response of red bed soft rock is of considerable importance in stability analyses and the protection of slopes. In this study, X-ray micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) was used to obtain the spatial distribution of minerals in red bed soft rock. An image processing procedure was proposed to incorporate the extracted mesoscopic mineral and crack distribution into the model of the grain-based finite-discrete element method (GB-FDEM). Subsequently, a uniaxial compression test and Brazilian disc splitting test were performed to obtain the mechanical response and failure modes of mudstone. The microscopic fracture morphology and traces of intragranular and intergranular cracks under tensile and shear stress were analyzed in detail. The numerical results show that the GB-FDEM model successfully characterized the mechanical response, which was similar to that of the laboratory tests and the traditional homogeneous models. The presence of minerals and pre-existing cracks disturbed the stress distribution in the heterogeneous model, which resulted in a difference in local stress that reasonably explained the phenomenon of local fragmentation. The simulated macroscopic failure mode of the heterogeneous models was most consistent with the results of the laboratory tests. The systematic framework proposed in this study provides a powerful tool for further understanding the multiscale (micro, meso, and macro) failure mechanism of red bed soft rock and predicting a realistic fracture process while reducing the tedious and redundant laboratory tests.

FLOURY ENDOSPERM8, encoding the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1, affects the synthesis and structure of starch in rice endosperm

Wuhua Long,Bangning Dong,Yihua Wang,Pengyi Pan,Yunlong Wang,Linglong Liu,Xiaoli Chen,Xi Liu,Shijia Liu,Yunlu Tian,Liangming Chen,Jianmin Wan 한국식물학회 2017 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.60 No.5

Cereal opaque-kernel mutants are ideal geneticmaterials for studying the mechanism of starch biosynthesisand amyloplast development. Here we isolated and identifiedtwo allelic floury endosperm 8 (flo8) mutants of rice, namedflo8-1 and flo8-2. In the flo8 mutant, the starch content wasdecreased and the normal physicochemical features ofstarch were altered. Map-based cloning and subsequentDNA sequencing analysis revealed a single nucleotidesubstitution and an 8-bp insertion occurred in UDP-glucosepyrophosphorylase 1 (Ugp1) gene in flo8-1 and flo8-2,respectively. Complementation of the flo8-1 mutant restorednormal seed appearance by expressing full length codingsequence of Ugp1. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that Ugp1was ubiquitously expressed. Mutation caused the decreasedUGPase activity and affected the expression of most of genesassociated with starch biosynthesis. Meanwhile, western blotand enzyme activity analyses showed the comparability ofprotein levels and enzyme activity of most tested starchbiosynthesis related genes. Our results demonstrate thatUgp1 plays an important role for starch biosynthesis in riceendosperm.

Equivalent Transfer Function based Multi-loop PI Control for High Dimensional Multivariable Systems

Xiaoli Luan,Qiang Chen,Fei Liu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2015 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.13 No.2

A new equivalent transfer function (ETF) parameterization algorithm to incorporate the loop interaction effect into the design of multi-loop PI controllers for high dimensional multivariable processes is presented in this paper. The design scheme consists of two stages. In the first, by exploiting the relationship between the equivalent closed-loop transfer function and the inverse of open-loop transfer function, the analytical expression of ETF is derived. In the second stage, based on the ETF, controller parameters for each loop are determined by utilizing the existing PI tuning rules and the simple internal model control method. The proposed ETF parameterization algorithm is more accurate and reasonable compared to the conventional ETF model approximation methods. Furthermore, the advantage of the multi-loop PI controller designed by the proposed ETF is more significant when applied to higher dimensional processes with complicated interaction modes. Several typical industrial process examples show the well-balanced and robust response with the minimum integral absolute error.

Carboxymethylated chitosan alleviated oxidative stress injury in retinal ganglion cells via IncRNA-THOR/IGF2BP1 axis

Xiaoli Wu,Yingying Liu,Yun Ji 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.6

Background Glaucoma is an advanced nerve disorder described by the deterioration of axon and RGCs. CMCS has been previously used as an anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant agent. Objective The current study aimed to explore the protective impact of CMCS against H2O2-induced injury in glaucoma in vitro. Methods The relative expression of lncRNA THOR and the protein expression of IGF2BP1 in H2O2-induced RGC-5 cells were detected by RT-PCR and western blot methods respectively. The cell viability was measured using MTT assay while apoptosis rate was measured by fow cytometry. Moreover, ROS level was measured using ROS assay kit. Furthermore, the relations between THOR and IGF2BP1 were determined by using RNA pull-down. Results The expression of THOR was reduced in H2O2-induced RGCs. Also, RGCs viability was inhibited while the level of ROS and cell apoptosis were enhanced. CMCS treatment considerably enhanced the expression of THOR and IGF2BP1 protein and cell viability but reduced ROS level and cell apoptosis. Moreover, IGF2BP1 protein was positively regulated by lncRNA THOR. CMCS protected the RGCs from oxidative stress via regulating lncRNA THOR/IGF2BP1. Conclusion CMCS enhanced the cell viability and reduced the cell apoptosis and ROS level and protected RGCs from oxidative stress via lncRNATHOR/IGF2BP1 pathway, potentially suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glaucoma.