The association between obesity and glaucoma in older adults: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Zhao Xiaohuan,Bo Qiyu,Sun Junran,Chen Jieqiong,Li Tong,Huang Xiaoxu,Zhou Minwen,Wang Jing,Liu Wenjia,Sun Xiaodong 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

Objectives: This study evaluated the association between obesity and glaucoma in middle-aged and older people. A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Methods: Glaucoma was assessed via self-reports. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the relationship between obesity and glaucoma risk.Results: Older men living in urban areas who were single, smokers, and non-drinkers were found to have a significantly higher incidence of glaucoma (all P<0.05). Diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease were also associated with higher glaucoma risk, while dyslipidemia was associated with lower risk (all P<0.05). After the model was adjusted for demographic, socio-economic, and health-related variables, obesity was significantly associated with a 10.2% decrease in glaucoma risk according to the Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio, 0.898; 95% CI, 0.829-0.973) and an 11.8% risk reduction in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 0.882; 95% CI, 0.803-0.968). A further subgroup analysis showed that obesity was associated with a reduced risk of glaucoma in people living in rural areas, in smokers, and in those with kidney disease (all P<0.05). Obesity also reduced glaucoma risk in people with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia more than in healthy controls (all P<0.05).Conclusions: This cohort study suggests that obesity was associated with a reduced risk of glaucoma, especially in rural residents, smokers, and people with kidney disease. Obesity exerted a stronger protective effect in people with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia than in healthy people.

Suppression and stability analysis of frequency coupling effect in grid‑connected inverters

Xiaohuan Wang,Aihua Yang,Yang Liu,Xiaojun Zhao 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.6

With the proposal of the “dual carbon target” in China, the rapid development of renewable energy, mainly photovoltaic and wind power, has been promoted. However, a large amount of renewable energy connected to a grid results in its proportion in the power system going from a low state to a high state. Under a high proportion, the asymmetry of the control structure or parameters in the three-phase grid-connected inverter controller lead to a strong coupling relationship between the sub/super synchronous frequency components, or frequency coupling effect (FCE). This phenomenon can deteriorate the power quality of the inverter system, amplify the harm of frequency oscillation, and even cause system disassembly. To solve the above problems, a unified impedance model considering the FCE induced by the phase-locked loop (PLL), the current loop (CL), and the power outer loop (POL) is established. Based on the established output impedance model, a parameter optimization theoretical analysis method is designed considering the critical stability of the PLL bandwidth and the CL asymmetry degree. Meanwhile, an improved control strategy for the PLL and the POL is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed parameter optimization and structure improvement strategies can effectively suppress the infl uence of frequency coupling and enhance system stability. Finally, simulation and experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the eff ectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Organic-rich source rock characterization and evaluation of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation: results from geophysical logs of the second scientific drilling borehole in the Songliao Basin, NE China

Xiaohuan Zhang,Changchun Zou,Jinhuan Zhao,Ning Li,Shuxia Zhang,Kouamelan Serge Kouamelan,Liang Xiao,Huolin Ma,Yixiong Niu 한국지질과학협의회 2019 Geosciences Journal Vol.23 No.1

The second continental scientific drilling (SKII east) borehole in the Songliao Basin has been planned to be the deepest borehole to drill through the Cretaceous continental strata under the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) up to date. This borehole was designed not only to explore the potential relationships between dinosaur extinction and climate environment during the Cretaceous but also to achieve new breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration. The high hydrocarbon (oil and gas) potential of a source rock is highly dependent on its organic content. We used geophysical log data of Borehole SKII east to evaluate the organic content of organic-rich source rock. In the period of the first member in the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) from the study area, high accommodation space and anoxic environment could promote organic matter deposition. Firstly, based on geological information and abundant geophysical log data, the basic geophysical characteristics (including petrophysical, lithological, mineralogical, and sedimentary properties) of the Qingshankou Formation in Borehole SKII east were studied. Secondly, geophysical log response characteristics (including resistivity, porosity, radioactivity, mineral and element) of organic-rich source rocks were analyzed. Thirdly, we tried to obtain suitable methods to predict total organic carbon (TOC) content of the target formation with geophysical log data. The laboratorymeasured TOC values of core samples from Borehole SKI south were used to make calibrations with calculated TOC values from geophysical logs. Results from improved ΔlogR technique and Dual_Vsh method are consistent, and indicate that these two methods are effective in this formation. The calculated TOC values from these two methods are relatively desirable, and show that the organic-rich source rocks with high TOC content occurred in the K2qn1 (1646.00~1669.00 m). The highest TOC content can reach 9.15%. The bed thicknesses of organic-rich source rocks are totally up to 7.88 m. These organic-rich source rocks can be considered as excellent. This study demonstrated that improve ΔlogR technique can be applied to evaluate source rocks in the formations without maturity data, and the new method Dual_Vsh is also valid in the Qingshankou Formation. The organic-rich source rock evaluation results could promote further exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the upper Cretaceous formations, Songliao Basin.

Non-devastating Islanding Detection for Micro-grid Based on Mathematical Statistics

Xiaohuan Wang,Chunjiang Zhang,Wenchao Zhao,Xiao Mu 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Conventional passive islanding detection methods have disadvantages of non-detection zone (NDZ). Active ones can reduce or eliminate NDZ, but their operation mechanism is forcing the voltage or frequency into the fault range, which is a devastating islanding detection approach. However, the non-devastating islanding method without NDZ is desirable for micro-grid applications. A novel active islanding detection method based on mathematical statistics for three-phase inverter is proposed. In this paper, 0-1 sequence is used to modulate the PWM modulation wave by amplitude adjustment. Then the voltage of point of common coupling (PCC) is sampled and the variance based on mathematics features is calculated in real-time. According to the value of variance, the islanding can be determined. The proposed method not only conquers the disadvantage of the destroy that conventional active islanding detection methods result in to the utility grid, but also detects the islanding effectively when the DG power production match to the load power requirement. And it is quick and effective under the ideal and non-ideal utility grid and the false islanding also can be prevented. Simulation and experiment results verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method. This method is suitable for the grid-connected /stand-alone dual-mode micro-grid system.

Compatibility effects of ginseng and Ligustrum lucidum Ait herb pair on hematopoietic recovery in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression and its material basis

Han, Jiahong,Dai, Min,Zhao, Yan,Cai, Enbo,Zhang, Lianxue,Jia, Xiaohuan,Sun, Nian,Fei, Xuan,Shu, Hui The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Ginseng (G) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LLA) are core traditional Chinese medicines in treating myelosuppression formula. The present study was designed to profile effect of G and LLA herb pair (G-LLA) on myelosuppressed mice. Methods: The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy). Hematopoietic function of bone marrow was measured by hemopoietic progenitor cell culture and peripheral blood count, and serum hemopoietic factors were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. HPLC was used to measure 20 potential chemical components related to myelosuppression, including ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁, Rc, Rb₂, Rb₃, Rd, Rk₃, Rh₄, 20 (S)-Rg₃, 20 (R)-Rg₃, Rk₁, Rg₅, salidroside, and so on. Results: G, LLA, and G-LLA improved the amount of peripheral blood cells and bone marrow cells of myelosuppressed mice (P < 0.01). They significantly increased the colony quantity of colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage, burst-forming unit-erythroid, colony-forming unit-erythroid, and colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte and amount of G₂/M and S phase cells (P < 0.01). They also significantly decreased the amount of hematopoiesis-related cytokines (P < 0.01). The content of chemical components in G-LLA changed, and the change of rare saponin was the most obvious. Conclusion: These results show that G-LLA herb pair might produce synergistic or complementary compatibility effects on bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy. It suggests that the substance basis of G-LLA for treating bone marrow suppression may be effective chemical components.

Compatibility effects of ginseng and Ligustrum lucidum Ait herb pair on hematopoietic recovery in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression and its material basis

Jiahong Han,Min Dai,Yan Zhao,Enbo Cai,Lianxue Zhang,Xiaohuan Jia,Nian Sun,Xuan Fei,Hui Shu 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Ginseng (G) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LLA) are core traditional Chinese medicines intreating myelosuppression formula. The present study was designed to profile effect of G and LLA herbpair (G-LLA) on myelosuppressed mice. Methods: The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection ofcyclophosphamide (Cy). Hematopoietic function of bone marrow was measured by hemopoietic progenitorcell culture and peripheral blood count, and serum hemopoietic factors were tested by enzymelinkedimmunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. HPLC was usedto measure 20 potential chemical components related to myelosuppression, including ginsenoside Rg1,Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, Rk3, Rh4, 20 (S)-Rg3, 20 (R)-Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, salidroside, and so on. Results: G, LLA, and G-LLA improved the amount of peripheral blood cells and bone marrow cellsof myelosuppressed mice (P < 0.01). They significantly increased the colony quantity of colony-formingunitegranulocyte macrophage, burst-forming unit erythroid, colony-forming unit erythroid, and colony-forming unit megakaryocyte and amount of G2/M and S phase cells (P < 0.01). They also significantlydecreased the amount of hematopoiesis-related cytokines (P < 0.01). The content of chemicalcomponents in G-LLA changed, and the change of rare saponin was the most obvious. Conclusion: These results show that G-LLA herb pair might produce synergistic or complementarycompatibility effects on bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy. It suggests that the substancebasis of G-LLA for treating bone marrow suppression may be effective chemical components.

The Preparation, Fluorescence Mechanism and Applications of High Efficiency Polymer Carbon Dots

Bai YANG,Shoujun ZHU,Siyu LU,Yubin SONG,Xiaohuan ZHAO 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Studies of the effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Re and Rk₃ on myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide

Han, Jiahong,Xia, Jing,Zhang, Lianxue,Cai, Enbo,Zhao, Yan,Fei, Xuan,Jia, Xiaohuan,Yang, He,Liu, Shuangli The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4

Background: Ginsenoside Re (Re) is one of the major components of Panax ginseng Meyer. Ginsenoside $Rk_3$ ($Rk_3$) is a secondary metabolite of Re. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects and underlying mechanisms of Re and $Rk_3$ on cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Methods: The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide. Peripheral blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cells, and colony yield of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro were counted. The levels of erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptotic protein bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3 was detected by Western blotting. Results: Both Re and $Rk_3$ could improve peripheral blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cell counts, thymus index, and spleen index. Furthermore, they could enhance the yield of colonies cultured in vitro and make the levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin normal, reduce the ratio of $G_0/G_1$ phase cells, and increase the proliferation index. Finally, Re and $Rk_3$ could upregulate the expression of bcl-2, whereas they could downregulate the expression of bax and caspase-3. Conclusion: Re and $Rk_3$ could improve the hematopoietic function of myelosuppressed mice. The effect of $Rk_3$ was superior to that of Re at any dose. Regulating the levels of cytokines, promoting cells enter the normal cell cycle, regulating the balance of bcl-2/bax, and inhibiting the expression of caspase-3 may be the effects of Re and $Rk_3$ on myelosuppression.

The association between glaucoma and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people: results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Xiaoxu Huang,Mengqiao Xu,Minwen Zhou,Wenjia Liu,Xiaohuan Zhao,Xiaodong Sun 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

OBJECTIVES: This population-based, prospective cohort study investigated the association between glaucoma and mortality in older adults. METHODS: Participants aged 45 years or older at baseline (47.9% male) were enrolled in 2011 for the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). All-cause mortality was observed during 7 years of follow-up. The baseline data were collected in the 2011 CHARLS, and participants were followed up for 7 years (until 2018). The risk of all-cause mortality was investigated using Cox proportional-hazards regression with age as the time scale, adjusting for significant risk factors and comorbid conditions. RESULTS: Among the 14,803 participants included, the risk of all-cause death was significantly higher among people with glaucoma than among those without glaucoma, after adjustment for other confounders (hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 2.03). In a subgroup analysis based on the mean age of death, among those who were 75 years and older (n=1,231), the risk of all-cause death was significantly higher in patients with glaucoma than in those without glaucoma (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.89). CONCLUSIONS: Participants with glaucoma had a higher risk of all-cause mortality, especially those aged 75 years and above. Our findings revealed potential mechanisms underlying an association between glaucoma and all-cause mortality. They also highlighted the importance of glaucoma management to prevent premature death in middle-aged and older adults.

Studies of the effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Re and Rk₃ on myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide

Jiahong Han,Jing Xia,Lianxue Zhang,Enbo Cai,Yan Zhao,Xuan Fei,Xiaohuan Jia,He Yang,Shuangli Liu 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4

Background: Ginsenoside Re (Re) is one of the major components of Panax ginseng Meyer. Ginsenoside Rk₃ (Rk₃) is a secondary metabolite of Re. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects and underlying mechanisms of Re and Rk₃ on cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Methods: The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide. Peripheral blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cells, and colony yield of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro were counted. The levels of erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptotic protein bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3 was detected by Western blotting. Results: Both Re and Rk₃ could improve peripheral blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cell counts, thymus index, and spleen index. Furthermore, they could enhance the yield of colonies cultured in vitro and make the levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin normal, reduce the ratio of G₀/G₁ phase cells, and increase the proliferation index. Finally, Re and Rk₃ could upregulate the expression of bcl-2, whereas they could downregulate the expression of bax and caspase-3. Conclusion: Re and Rk₃ could improve the hematopoietic function of myelosuppressed mice. The effect of Rk₃ was superior to that of Re at any dose. Regulating the levels of cytokines, promoting cells enter the normal cell cycle, regulating the balance of bcl-2/bax, and inhibiting the expression of caspase-3 may be the effects of Re and Rk₃ on myelosuppression.