落日余晖:丁茶山的新人心道心说

謝曉東 ( Xie Xiaodong ) 사단법인 퇴계학부산연구원 2021 退溪學論叢 Vol.38 No.-

丁茶山在早年时曾经接触到以≪天主实义≫为代表的西学, 这对其后来思想走向影响较大, 从而构成了在西学和儒学(特别是朝鲜李朝性理学)之间折衷的学术立场。在人心道心问题上, 他不赞成基于史学立场的黄宗羲借口≪尚书· 大禹谟≫被证伪而否定“十六字心传”的做法, 而是倾向于朱子的高度重视该段文字的立场。茶山否定了具有佛学意味的本然之性概念, 而赞成天命之性的提法, 从而构成了其晚年的性说转向。茶山从≪中庸≫出发, 把道心理解为天命之性, 而性则仅仅是嗜好, 这就是著名的“性嗜好说”。在茶山看来, 人是由形、神构成的, 其中神就是灵体/灵魂, 从而由传统的理学命题“气强理弱”转化为“形强神弱”。茶山进而建立了心三层说, 从而赋予了人心道心以新含义, 即道心为性、人心为权衡。不过, 心三层说的框架和人心道心的二元性之间存在明显不对应之处, 这种明显的漏洞或许说明了人心道心问题在茶山那里已经如落日余晖, 不再具有其此前在性理学中的焦点或独立地位。对于韩国儒学中的两大问题:四端七情与道心人心之间的关系, 茶山持有的是同构论立场, 从而区别于栗谷而和退溪站在一起。茶山人心道心思想的特色, 和其新仁说有内在联系。其基本观点是道心是大体, 人心是小体, 而“克己复礼”就是道心克人心或道心为主人心听命。这种强调二心二体二己的“二”恰好和“仁”的基本义“仁者, 人也, 二人为仁”的“二”对应, 这绝不是偶然的。 In his early years, Ding Chashan came into contact with Western learning represented by the real meaning of God, which had a great impact on his later ideological trend, thus forming a compromise academic position between Western learning and Confucianism. On the problem of human mind and moral mind, he did not agree with Huang Zongxi's practice of denying the “sixteen character mind-heart biography” on the pretext of the falsification of chapter of Dayu Mo in the Book of Records, which was based on the historical position, but preferred Marster Zhu's position of attaching great importance to the text. Chashan denies the concept of original nature with Buddhist meaning and agrees with the formulation of the nature of heavenly mandate, which constitutes the turning of theory of nature in his later years. Starting from the Book of Mean, Chashan understands the moral mind as the nature of heavenly mandate, while nature is just a hobby, which is the famous “theory of nature addiction”. In Chashan's view, man is composed of body and soul, in which soul is the spirit, so the traditional Neo-Confucianism proposition “Qi is strong and Principal is weak” is transformed into “body is strong and soul is weak”. Chashan further established the three-tier theory of mind-heart, which gives a new meaning to human mind and moral mind, that is, moral mind is nature and human mind is balance. However, there is an obvious mismatch between the framework of the three-tier theory of mind-heart and the duality of human mind and moral mind. This obvious loophole may indicate that the problem of human mind and moral mind has been like the afterglow of the sunset in Chashan and no longer has its previous focus or independent position in human nature theory. For the two major issues in Korean Confucianism: the relationship between the four beginnings and seven emotions and the problem of human mind and moral mind, Chashan holds the position of isomorphism, which is different from Li Gu and stands with Tui Xi. Characteristics of the Chashan's thought of the human mind and moral mind are intrinsically related to his theory of the new benevolence. Its basic view is that the moral mind is the big and the human mind is the small body, and “self-restraint and return to rites” is that the moral mind overcomes the human mind or the former is the ruler and the latter obeys orders. This “two” emphasizing two mind-hearts, two bodies and two self just corresponds to the “two” of “benevolence”, which is the basic meaning of “benevolence”, that is, benevolence, people and two people are benevolence.

Novel Model Predictive Control Method to Eliminate Common-mode Voltage for Three-level T-type Inverters Considering Dead-time Effects

Xiaodong Wang,Jianxiao Zou,Zhenhua Dong,Chuan Xie,Kai Li,Josep M. Guerrero 전력전자학회 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.5

This paper proposes a novel common-mode voltage (CMV) elimination (CMV-EL) method based on model predictive control (MPC) to eliminate CMV for three-level T-type inverters (3LT²Is). In the proposed MPC method, only six medium and one zero voltage vectors (VVs) (6MV1Z) that generate zero CMV are considered as candidates to perform the MPC. Moreover, the influence of dead-time effects on the CMV of the MPC-based 6MV1Z method is investigated, and the candidate VVs are redesigned by pre-excluding the VVs that will cause CMV fluctuations during the dead time from 6MV1Z. Only three or five VVs are included to perform optimization in every control period, which can significantly reduce the computational complexity. Thus, a small control period can be implemented in the practical applications to achieve improved grid current performance. With the proposed CMV-EL method, the CMV of the 3LT²Is can be effectively eliminated. In addition, the proposed CMV-EL method can balance the neutral point potentials (NPPs) and yield satisfactory performance for grid current tracking in steady and dynamic states. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The 16-year experience in treating low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients with failed primary methotrexate chemotherapy

Xiaodong Wu,Jiale Qin,Tao Shen,Weidong Fei,Lili Chen,Xing Xie,Weiguo Lu 대한부인종양학회 2020 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.31 No.4

Objective: To assess the outcomes and toxic effects of 5-day actinomycin D (Act-D) salvagetherapy and to explore the predictors of Act-D resistance in patients with low-risk gestationaltrophoblastic neoplasia (GTN)who failed 5-day methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients with low-risk GTN administered Act-Dsalvage therapy after failing MTX chemotherapy at Women's Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang University between January 2000 and December 2015. The clinical parameters ofthese patients were collected and analyzed. Results: The final analysis included 89 cases. Of these, 73 cases (82.02%) responded tosalvage Act-D. The remaining 16 resistant cases were switched to etoposide, MTX, Act-D/cyclophosphamide, and vincristine chemotherapy and achieved complete remission. Serumhuman chorionic gonadotrophin levels before Act-D salvage therapy (hCGAct-D)in the Act-D resistant cases were significantly higher than those in the Act-D responders (median 605 vs. 103 IU/L, p=0.009). However, the range of hCGAct-D values in Act-D responders was wider thanthat in Act-D-resistant cases (5.76–16,664 IU/L vs. 11.43–6,732 IU/L). Thus, assigning a generalcut-off value was difficult considering the individual setting. Except for 2 cases requiring othersalvage regimens due to Act-D toxicity, 97.80% of cases (89/91) tolerated the toxicity. During atleast 1-year follow-up, the survival rate was 100.00% and no case developed recurrence. Conclusion: Based on the good therapeutic effect and tolerable toxicity, we recommendAct-D salvage therapy for all patients with low-risk GTN who fail primary MTX chemotherapy. The higher serum hCG levels before Act-D salvage therapy may be associated with resistanceto this treatment.

Novel Model Predictive Control Method to Eliminate Common-mode Voltage for Three-level T-type Inverters Considering Dead-time Effects

Wang, Xiaodong,Zou, Jianxiao,Dong, Zhenhua,Xie, Chuan,Li, Kai,Guerrero, Josep M. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.5

This paper proposes a novel common-mode voltage (CMV) elimination (CMV-EL) method based on model predictive control (MPC) to eliminate CMV for three-level T-type inverters (3LT2Is). In the proposed MPC method, only six medium and one zero voltage vectors (VVs) (6MV1Z) that generate zero CMV are considered as candidates to perform the MPC. Moreover, the influence of dead-time effects on the CMV of the MPC-based 6MV1Z method is investigated, and the candidate VVs are redesigned by pre-excluding the VVs that will cause CMV fluctuations during the dead time from 6MV1Z. Only three or five VVs are included to perform optimization in every control period, which can significantly reduce the computational complexity. Thus, a small control period can be implemented in the practical applications to achieve improved grid current performance. With the proposed CMV-EL method, the CMV of the $3LT^2Is$ can be effectively eliminated. In addition, the proposed CMV-EL method can balance the neutral point potentials (NPPs) and yield satisfactory performance for grid current tracking in steady and dynamic states. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Atomic-Scale Spectroscopy of Gated Monolayer MoS₂

Zhou, Xiaodong,Kang, Kibum,Xie, Saien,Dadgar, Ali,Monahan, Nicholas R.,Zhu, X.-Y.,Park, Jiwoong,Pasupathy, Abhay N. American Chemical Society 2016 NANO LETTERS Vol.16 No.5

<P>The electronic properties of semiconducting monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides can be tuned by electrostatic gate potentials. Here we report gate-tunable imaging and spectroscopy of monolayer MoS<SUB>2</SUB> by atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). Our measurements are performed on large-area samples grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) techniques on a silicon oxide substrate. Topographic measurements of defect density indicate a sample quality comparable to single-crystal MoS<SUB>2</SUB>. From gate voltage dependent spectroscopic measurements, we determine that in-gap states exist in or near the MoS<SUB>2</SUB> film at a density of 1.3 × 10<SUP>12</SUP> eV<SUP>–1</SUP> cm<SUP>–2</SUP>. By combining the single-particle band gap measured by STS with optical measurements, we estimate an exciton binding energy of 230 meV on this substrate, in qualitative agreement with numerical simulation. Grain boundaries are observed in these polycrystalline samples, which are seen to not have strong electronic signatures in STM imaging.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2016/nalefd.2016.16.issue-5/acs.nanolett.6b00473/production/images/medium/nl-2016-004733_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl6b00473'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Online Hot Topic Detection Based on Segmented Timeline and Aging Theory

Ruiguo Yu,Xiaodong Xie,Yongxing Li,Mankun Zhao,Xuyuan Dong,Muwen He,Peng Chang,Zan Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.2

With a great deal of digitized textual information now available on the internet, it is almost impossible for people to assimilate all the information timely. Therefore, the technologies of topic detection and tracking are used for constructing news topics from news stories in order to bring convenience to people. However, traditional topic detection methods are not always so effective in detecting emerging hot news topics in a short period of time, and most topic detection methods use single-pass clustering algorithm which is with low accuracy and very sensitive to the input sequence of news documents. In order to improve clustering accuracy, we utilize a temporal distance factor to segment timeline into equal parts and propose a novel two-times single-pass clustering algorithm to deal with news stories in each part of timeline separately. Moreover, the aging theory is combined with our approach to build life-span model of topics from which we can obtain variation trend of hotness value of topics. The results of experiments show that our approach is effective and the life circle model of topics established by our method can conform to reality well.

Embolization of a Bleeding Maxillary Arteriovenous Malformation via the Superficial Temporal Artery after External Carotid Artery Ligation

Chaohua Wang,Qing Yan,Xiaodong Xie,Jiangtao Li,Dong Zhou 대한영상의학회 2008 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.9 No.2

We report a new approach of embolization in a 15-year-old boy that presented with a massive hemorrhage from a maxillary arteriovenous malformation. Rebleeding occurred after emergent ligation of the external carotid artery. The bleeding was successfully controlled by embolization via the superficial temporal artery.

A Novel Passivity-Based Resonant Instability Suppression Method for Grid-Connected VSC

Jiancheng Zhao,Kai Li,Xiaodong Wang,Chuan Xie,Hongbing Xu 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.1

The interaction between the three-phase voltage source converters (VSCs) and the power grid may cause high-frequency resonant instable problems. Studies have indicated that the non-passivity of VSCs is the main reason that leads to the resonances. The above-mentioned passive means that the equivalent output admittance of the VSC has a positive real part. In this paper, a novel damped Smith predictor is proposed to suppress the resonant instability problem that caused by time delay. The research proved that the proposed Smith predictor can signifi cantly improve the passivity of the VSC by reducing the width of the negative real part at the high-frequencies. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Smith predictor can distinctly improve the robustness of the VSC.

HOW DO BROADCASTERS BEHAVE ON LIVE STREAMING PLATFORMS? A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH

Honglong Wang,Guoxin Li,Xiaodong Xie,Shaohui Wu 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

The popularity of live streaming is driving the emergence of a new business model, known as live-streaming commerce (LSC). While there are more and more broadcasters in LSC, their behaviors and performance of them are significantly different. To have a better understanding of broadcasters, we employ different machine learning models to identify different portraits in both static and dynamic dimensions. We collect a rich live-streaming dataset from one leading platform in China. Our dataset features information for both broadcasters and viewers, including viewers’ purchasing behaviors, viewers’ records of posting words, broadcasters’ gender, the number of followers for broadcasters, and the live streaming show information, including the start and end time, and the viewers in each live streaming show. The rich textual information in broadcasters’ profile induction provides us a good opportunity to uncover different static portraits and the records in live streaming shows give us a chance to identify different dynamic behavioral portraits for broadcasters.

A TOPIC MODEL OF SOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN LIVE-STREAMING COMMERCE

Honglong Wang,Guoxin Li,Xiaodong Xie,Shaohui Wu 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

The popularity of live streaming is driving the emergence of a new business model, known as live-streaming commerce (LSC). Consumers spend more and more time on smartphones, and the emerging business model of live-streaming commerce (LSC) is flourishing in the retail industry. With highly interactive features, LSC social interactions influence viewer purchase behaviors. To examine the interactions between influencers and viewers, we collected a rich dataset from a leading LSC service platform and integrated research models from the natural language process (NLP) field and econometric models.