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Regular Paper : Non-Factual Before as an Exceptive Construction
Douglas J. Wulf 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2009 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.10 No.1
The notion that non-factual before is an exceptive construction is explored. It is shown that this explanation is consistent with observed behavior. A formal analysis designed for exceptive constructions is reinterpreted as an analysis of non-factual before. Non-factual interpretations associated with other temporal expressions are also noted.
Ralf Wieland,Monika Wulf,Kristin Meier 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.2
The paper introduces two types of models: the ‘‘memory of a landscape’’ and the ‘‘face of a landscape’’. The memory of a landscape refers to the development of a landscape as a result of many small and some major events. It can be described by a multitude of features that are difficult to change by humans, such as the initial geological substrate and the availability of nutrients linked to it. The implementation of the ‘‘memory model’’ leads to a scientific modelling approach that models the influence of the basic factors on forest distribution. The face of a landscape on the other hand implements a Big Data approach. The face can be changed more easily, e.g. by clearing forest areas and converting them into arable land. Both types of models are used to conclude from today’s perspective on the development of historical forests around 1880. A machine learning algorithm is used to implement both model types and evaluate the importance of features. Both models show differences in accuracy and simulation, which are discussed in detail. The inherent evaluation of the importance of the model inputs can be used to critically review some doctrines. The combination of machine learning with the knowledge of experts who help to select and prepare the data can be used in the future to depict the memory of a landscape more comprehensively in a model than is possible with previous approaches.
Morphisms of varieties over ample fields
Lior Bary-Soroker,Wulf-Dieter Geyer,Moshe Jarden 대한수학회 2018 대한수학회보 Vol.55 No.4
We strengthen a result of Michiel Kosters by proving the following theorems: \noindent $(*)$ Let $\phi\colon W\to V$ be a finite surjective morphism of algebraic varieties over an ample field $K$. Suppose $V$ has a simple $K$-rational point ${\bf a}$ such that $\bfa\notin\phi(W(K_\ins))$. Then, ${\rm card}(V(K)\hefresh \phi(W(K))={\rm card}(K)$. \medskip\noindent $(**)$ Let $K$ be an infinite field of positive characteristic and let $f\in K[X]$ be a non-constant monic polynomial. Suppose all zeros of $f$ in $\tilde K$ belong to $K_{\rm ins}\hefresh K$. Then, ${\rm card}(K\hefresh f(K))={\rm card}(K)$.
MORPHISMS OF VARIETIES OVER AMPLE FIELDS
Bary-Soroker, Lior,Geyer, Wulf-Dieter,Jarden, Moshe Korean Mathematical Society 2018 대한수학회보 Vol.55 No.4
We strengthen a result of Michiel Kosters by proving the following theorems: (*) Let ${\phi}:W{\rightarrow}V$ be a finite surjective morphism of algebraic varieties over an ample field K. Suppose V has a simple K-rational point a such that $a{\not\in}{\phi}(W(K_{ins}))$. Then, card($V(K){\backslash}{\phi}(W(K))$ = card(K). (**) Let K be an infinite field of positive characteristic and let $f{\in}K[X]$ be a non-constant monic polynomial. Suppose all zeros of f in $\tilde{K}$ belong to $K_{ins}{\backslash}K$. Then, card(K \ f(K)) = card(K).
Byung-Soo Kim,Lutz Edler,Jin Joo Park,Dietrich von Fournier,Wulf Haase,Marie-Luise Sautter-Bihl,Egbert Hagmuller,Florian Gotzes,Heinz Walter Thielmann 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.2
The comet assay (also called the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay) has been widely used for detecting DNA damage and repair in individual cells. Since the conventional methods of evaluating comet assay data using frequency statistics are unsatisfactory we developed a new quantitative measure of DNA damage/repair that is based on all information residing in the dose/time-response curves of a comet experiment. Blood samples were taken from 25 breast cancer patients before undergoing radiotherapy. The comet assay was performed under alkaline conditions using isolated lymphocytes. Tail DNA, tail length, tail moment and tail inertia of the comet were measured for each patient at four doses of g-rays (0, 2, 4 and 8 Gy) and at four time points after irradiation (0, 10, 20 and 30 min) using 100 cells each. The resulting three-dimensional dose-time response surface was modeled by multiple regression, and the second derivative, termed 2D, on dose and time was determined. A software module was programmed in SAS/AF to compute 2D values.<br/> We applied the new method successfully to data obtained from cancer patients to be assessed for their radiation sensitivity. We computed the 2D values for the four damage measures, i.e., tail<br/> moment, tail length, tail DNA and tail inertia, and examined the pairwise correlation coefficients of 2D both on the log scale and the unlogged scale. 2D values based on tail moment and tail DNA<br/> showed a high correlation and, therefore, these two damage measures can be used interchangeably as far as DNA repair is concerned. 2D values based on tail inertia have a correlation profile different from the other 2D values which may reflect different facets of DNA damage/repair. Using the dose-time response surface, other statistical models, e.g., the proportional hazards model, become applicable for data analysis. The 2D approach can be applied to all DNA repair measures, i.e., tail moment, tail length, tail DNA and tail inertia, and appears to be superior to conventional evaluation methods as it integrates all data of the dose/time-response curves of a comet assay.
홍승길,신중두,박광래,이상범,김진호,김석철,Henning Shiedung,Wulf Amelung 유기성자원학회 2015 유기물자원화 Vol.23 No.3
For concerning the climate change issues, the carbon sequestration and importance of soil organic matter are receiving high attention. To evaluate carbon sequestration in soil is important to determine the soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions such as WESOC (Water extractable soil organic carbon), and CO2 emission by soil microbial respiration. However, the analyses for those contents are time-consuming procedure. There were studied the feasibility of MIRS (Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy), which has short analysis time for determining the WESOC and an incubated carbon in this study. Oven-dried soils at 100℃ and 350 ℃ were scanned with MIRS and compared with the chemically analyzed WESOC and cumulative carbon dioxide generated during 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of incubation periods, respectively. It was observed that an optimized determination coefficient was 0.6937 between WESOC and untreated soil processed by spectrum vector normalization (SNV) and 0.8933 between cumulative CO2 from 30 days incubation and soil dried at 350℃ after subtracting air-dried soil processed by 1st derivatives. Therefore, it was shown that Quantification of soil organic carbon fractions was possibility to be analyzed by using MIRS. 기후변화 문제와 관련하여 탄소 격리와 토양 유기물의 중요성에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 토양 탄소 격리를 산정하기 위해서는 물 추출 토양 유기탄소(WESOC)와 토양 호흡에 의해 이산화탄소로 배출되는 탄소량과 같은 토양 유기탄소를 분석하는 것이 중요하다. 이러한 성분의 분석에는 시간이 많이 소요된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 분석시간이 짧게 소요되는 중적외선분광분석법으로 물 추출 유기탄소와 토양 호흡에 의한 이산화탄소량을 분석할 수 있는 가능성을 알아보았다. 토양을 100℃와 350℃ 건조오븐에서 처리하고 중적외선분광계로 분석하여 WESOC와 30일, 60일, 90일, 120일 간 토양호흡에 의해 발생하는 이산화탄소량과의 상관을 분석하였다. 물 추출 토양 유기탄소에 대한 예측 모델에서는 표준 일반 변수화(SNV) 전처리를 통해 0.6937의 결정 계수를 보였고 30일간의 토양 호흡 발생 이산화탄소 예측 모델에서는 350℃ 건조 토양에 대해 1차 도함수 전처리를 통해 0.8933의 결정 계수를 보여 중적외선분광분석법을 사용하여 토양 중 유기탄소의 분획별 정량에 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 보였다.