영주시 도시형태에 관한 고찰

황용운 동양대학교 1999 동양대학교 논문집 Vol.5 No.1

Studying urban form has become an increasingly important subject, because urban form is an integral part of the total urban phenomena. Therefore, the physical form of towns and cities is the expression of political, social, and economic circumstances of that time. So the reason for studying urban form is to understand a city on the whole. From this point of view, the purpose of this thesis is interpretation of the organization and development of Yong-ju city through urban form by over time. This study focuses on researching the visible element that effects the urban form of Yong-ju.

鐵道를 中心으로한 榮州市 都市空間 패턴에 관한 고찰

황용운 東洋大學校 産業技術硏究所 1999 東洋大學校 産業技術硏究所 論文集 Vol.1 No.1

In the process of urban formation and development, the railway depot has achieved its central role as a traffic center and will be expected to increase its role continually. However, with the rapid development of the auto industry in the latter part of the 20th century, road traffic has become a mass of traffic, connecting regions in cities. The depot, which has had a central role in the formation and development of cities in the past, has increased the restricting effect on the expansion of cities. These restrictions include the bisection of the downtown area, interception of road traffic, noise and vibration, and the formation of an underdeveloped zone. The restrictions They also result in low land use in the city. The railway station is still a nucleus of urban development in Yong-ju City, so this paper deals with urban pattern connection of railway, roads, rivers, and mountains which have become obstacles in the spatial expansion of Yong-ju, and propose a new plan at the development.

高麗 初期 王權考

黃雲龍 新羅大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

The Kingdom of Koryo had undergone many painful experiences before she could establish a central government system. King Tae-Jo, for instance, had to maintain incessant efforts to absorb the powers of the nobles who risen from various parts of Silla during her last phase. His efforts resulted in a confedrated administration body composed of royalty and nobility. Other kings after him did their own parts in strengthening royal authority by supressing the influence of the nobles. This, however, was not an easy task to accomplish. When King Tae-jo named Hye-jong as his successor, he had fo turn to the nobles for their help; and King Joeng-jong, the next king after King Hye-jong, could come to the throne only with help from the nobles in Seogyong. Royal authority, in short, was greatly influenced by the nobles. The strong powers of the nobles gradually diminished during the reign of King Kwang-jong. He did his best until he died in 975 to limit the powers of the nobility by pursuing a consistent policy of strengthening royal authority. Such strong measures as his Emancipation Law in 956, his national examination system for selecting government officials in 958 and his decree forcing government employees to wear official garments in 960 had enhanced royal authority to a great extent. Due to his strenous endeavors his successors were able to prepare the way to a central government system without many obstacles.

구릉지에서 고층APT와 생태개념이 고려된 저층주거단지 비교에 관한 연구

황용운 동양대학교 2000 동양대학교 논문집 Vol.6 No.1

Recently high-rise hill apartments are destroying ecosystems as well as city skylines by imprudent and quantitative construction, for economic reasons. The purpose of this study is to give propriety to low-rise housing estates through comparison low-rise housing estates, considering the ecological concept and high-rise apartments in hilly districts. This paper focuses on a theoretical concept comparison and analysis with worldwide case and surveys high-rise apartments in Yong-ju. In the result, low-rise housing development is essential to prevent ecological damage and to recognize the importance of the ecological concept in human life.

혼합용매법에 의한 Mullite 전미분체 생성기구에 관한 연구

황운연,이정운,박형상,김용렬,구기갑 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.4

Si-와 Al-알콕시드의 반응속도 차이를 조절하기 위한 부분 가수분해법과 입자 형태를 제조하기 위한 혼합용매법을 이용하여 구형의 미세한 mullite 전미분체를 제조하였다. Mie 이론을 적용시켜 반응시간에 따른 반응용액의 탁도 및 입자 수밀도의 변화를 측정하여 혼합용매법에 의한 입자 생성기구에 대하여 고찰하였다. 알콕시드와 옥탄올 용액에 아세토니트릴을 첨가하면 알콕시드의 용해도가 낮아지고 따라서 알콕시드의 일부가 액적을 형성하며, 액적은 안정화제 (HPC)에 의하여 구형을 유지하게 된다. 그리고 가수분해 및 축합중합 반응에 의하여 액적의 입자 크기는 감소하며, 동시에 혼합용액에 용해되어 있던 알콕시의 가수 분해 및 축합중합 반응에 의하여 미세 입자가 생성된다. 액적형태로 생성된 큰 입자와 미세 입자의 응집에 의하여 최종 입자가 생성되었다. In this study, spherical fine pre-mullite particles were prepared by partial hydrolysis method to control the reaction rate difference of two alkoxides, and by mixed solvent method to control the particle shape. Based on the adaptation of Mie theory, the formation mechanism of pre-mullite particle in alkoxide-octanol-acetonitile system has been investigated by measuring of the turbidity of solution, the number density and the size of the particles during the reaction. As the acetonitrile was added in the alkoxide-octanol solution, the solubility of the alkoxide decreased. A part of alkoxide was segregated from solution in the form of droplets. whereas the rest of the alkoxide existed as dissolved state in octanol. The droplets are stabilized with stabilizer (HPC). In the next step. hydrolysis and condensation reactions of the alkoxide droplets decrease the size of droplets and, at the same time, fine particles are formed from the alkoxide dissolved in octanol. Subsequently, the final particles are produced by aggregation between the large particles through the droplet form and the fine particles.

傳統寺刹建築의 外部空間 構成에 관한 考察 : 榮州 浮石寺와 安東 鳳停寺를 중심으로

황용운 동양대학교 1998 동양대학교 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

진주8경 사진에 나타난 경관자원에 관한 연구 : 제1회 진주8경 제정기념 사진공모전에 출품된 사진을 중심으로

김종하,황용운 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1

This study focused on the points of viewing scenic resources in order to see local scenic resources in new light in developing the scene improvement plan. For the purpose of this study, the methods of viewing scenic resources and their contents were analyzed from the pictures displayed on the picture contest organized by Jinju City to publicize its newly designated Palkyong. 1) In terms of scenic resources used in the Palkyo˘ng, the pictures of the old Palkyo˘ng included many abstract contents as well as concrete elements, whereas those of the new Palkyo˘ng were mostly based on concrete and clear objects. 2) In terms of viewing types, both horizontal viewing type and overlooking viewing type were mostly used. It could be found, therefore, that Jinju's Palkyo˘ng are mostly viewed horizontally or downward from the viewing points. 3) In addition to seasonal factors, these characteristics of viewing play an important role in making scenic resources become beauty spots. This means that viewing angle and seasonal factors can have a significant influence on the scenic value of beauty spots. 4) Scenic resources were also analyzed in terms of viewing distances in order to determine structural elements of the Palkyo˘ng. It have been recognized that for Jinju Castle and Chokseoknu Pavilion, the downtown area is an obstructive or inharmonic element.

외과적 보조의 급속상악확장술 : 치험 5예 REPORT OF 5 CASES

박충열,이용욱,송종운,김영운,박홍주,오희균,유선열,이기현,황현식 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.1

Five adults (3 cases of bilateral posterior crossbite, 2 cases of unilateral posterior crossbite) with intermaxillary discrepancy of over 5㎜ due to maxillary transverse deficiency were treated by surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). Bilateral maxillary horizontal osteotomies, osteotomies of pterygomaxillary junction and anterior lateral nasal wall, ans anterior palatal osteotomy were performed in 4 cases, and unilateral osteotomies in 1case, followed by palatal expansion with tooth-borne orthopedic applicance. No significant complication was observed. The mean palatal expansion was 7.2㎜ (5.8∼10.0㎜) in the maxillary first molar region. During the mean follow-up period of 4 years (5 months∼8 years 7 months), no recurrence of crossbite was observed in all cases. The SARME seemed to be a simple, stable, and reliable procedure for achieving a permanent increase of over 5㎜ in skeletal maxillary transverse width of adults.

재조합 미생물, Escherichia coli MT201를 이용한 L-Threonine 생산성 향상

하정욱,이만효,김기운,황용일 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 2002 硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

의료 및 가축사료용으로 폭 넓은 용도를 지니는 _L-threonine의 대량생산을 위하여 _L-aspartate 생합성계 대사 변이주이며 _L-threonine 생산균주로 개량된 E. coli MT201를 이용하였다. _L-Threonine의 생산성 향상을 위한 일환으로 C. glutamicum으로부터 정제·회수된 pyruvate carboxylase 구조유전자 ORF를 E. coli 발현용 plasmid pTrc99A에 도입하여 plasmid pPC를 제작하였다. 변이주 E. coli MT201 균주에 plasmid pPC를 형질전환법으로 도입하여 과량의 _L-threonine을 생산하는 우수한 재조합 균주인 E. coli MT-pPC을 얻었다. Glucose를 단일 탄소원으로 사용하였을 경우 균체의 생육 및 _L-threonine의 생산량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 glucose와 citrate(sodium citrate와 ammonium citrate)를 각각 첨가한 결과 sodium citrate에서 우수한 결과를 flask배양을 통하여 관찰하였다. 적절한 sodium citrate의 첨가 비는 탄소원인 glucose와 sodium citrate의 첨가비가 3.5:1.5일 때 _L-threonine 생산량과 생육이 월등히 향상되었다. 이를 바탕으로 발효조를 이용한 유가배양에서 생산량 75.7g/L를 얻었다. 따라서 본 실험을 통하여 _L-threonine의 생산량이 획기적으로 증가하는 재조합 균주를 개발하였고 생산량도 향상시켰다. _L-Threonine, which is used in the medical field for amino acid infusion and in feedstuff for livestock, is an essential amino acid for man and animals. Microorganisms are genetically bred for industrial production of amino acids including _L-threonine. In this study, Escherichia coli MT201, which was obtained with the view of overproducing for _L-threonine, is the metabolic mutant for a biosynthetic pathway of aspartate family. E. coli MT-pPC was obtained for the improvement of _L-threonine production by introducing plasmid pPC, which is an expression vector for pyruvate carboxylase coding gene(pyc) of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13831 at E. coli MT201 strain. When only glucose was used for carbon source in E. coli MT-pPC, cell growth and _L-threonine production was reduced. For solving this problem, we added glucose and citrates in culture media. From the results, sodium citrate was more effective than ammonium citrate and the optimal ratio, which was the most efficient among those ratio employed here, was the 3.5 : 1.5 of glucose to sodium citrate. In our experiment, _L-threonine production, which was 75.7 g/L for 86 hr by E. coli MT-pPC added with 3.5 : 1.5 ratio of the glucose to sodium citrate in fed-batch culture, and these were higher than 1.2 fold of E. coli MT201 and 3.2 fold of E. coli MT-pPC, respectively, in glucose.

단감의 이용성 증대를 위한 protopectinase처리 가공기술 개발

하정욱,이대희,김기운,황용일 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 2002 硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

가공식품의 개발에 있어서 식품의 맛과 더불어 저장성, 열 안정성 및 색조유지는 소비자의 기호도에 중요한 영향을 미친다. B. subtilis EK11 유래의 protopectinase(PPase)는 식물조직 중엽부의 주성분인 불용성 protopectin을 분해하여 단세포화하는 효소이다. PPase를 단감에 작용시켜 단감 고유의 세포 속에 함유되어 있는 세포내 성분들의 파손 없이 단세포를 유리하였다. PPase처리된 단감 단세포화물의 착즙 후 회수율과 잔사율은 각각 95%와 5%로서, 기계적 마쇄물에서의 85%와 15%에 비하여 높은 회수율과 낮은 잔사율을 나타내었다. 총당, 환원당, 자당, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조섬유의 함량변화는 큰 차이가 없었으며, 이는 단세포 처리에 의하여 이들 성분이 안정하게 유지됨을 알 수 있었다. 식품중 열 또는 빛에 가장 불안정한 비타민 C의 경우 단감 단세포화물은 1일 경과 후에도 50% 이상이 보존되는 것으로 보아 단세포에 의한 일반적인 구성성분이 안정하게 유지 보호됨을 알 수 있다. PPase로 처리된 단감 단세포화물을 4℃에서 9일간 저장하며 색조를 관찰한 결과, 단세포화물에서는 뚜렷한 색조의 차이가 없었고 기계적 마쇄물에서는 변색이 일어났다. 또한 단감 단세포화물을 100℃에서 60분간 열처리한 후 관찰한 결과, 기계적 마쇄물의 경우 짧은 처리에도 변화를 보였으나 단세포화물에서는 그다지 큰 변화가 없었으며 이는 효소적 단세포화물의 높은 열 안정성을 의미한다. PPase를 이용한 단감의 단세포화는 음료제조 및 원료보존에 유용하게 응용가능하며, 나아가 단감 단세포화물의 폭넓은 식품소재화 가능성과 고부가가치 기능성 식품제조에 이용될 수 있음을 의미한다. In development of the processed food, it is important not only to make the food delicious but to enhance its storage span and thermal stability without change of the food quality in color, which greatly affects the tastes of customers. Protopectinase (PPase) from Bacillus subtilis EK11 hydrolyses or dissolves protopectin in the middle lamella of plant tissues with the resultant separation of plant cells from each other, called enzymatic maceration. With the PPase, persimmon was enzymatically macerated to separate cells to primary cell wall without damage. Yields of persimmon treated with PPase and mechanical maceration were 95% and 85%, respectively. Total and reducing sugars, crude protein and fat in the enzymatic maceration were well preserved as in the mechanical maceration. Importantly, over 50% of vitamin C, which is the most unstable component in application of the mechanical maceration, remained with intact form for one day after the enzymatic treatment. When the suspensions of persimmon macerated with both treatments had been stored at 4℃ for 9 days, the suspension of mechanically macerated persimmon was decolorized. Whereas decolorization was not found in the enzymatically macerated persimmon. Moreover, the mechanically macerated persimmon was greatly deteriorated after heat treatment at 100℃ for 60 min; the cell suspension of the enzymatically separated persimmon appeared to be stable, indicating the thermal stability. Thus, the PPase treatment of persimmon could be a better choice for preparation of the highly valuable and functional processed food as well as for prolonging the preservation period.