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The Sagittal Balance of Cervical Spine : Comprehensive Review of Recent Update
Sang Hoon Lee,Tae Hwan Kim,Seok Woo Kim,Hyun Take Rim,Heui Seung Lee,Ji Hee Kim,In Bok Chang,Joon Ho Song,Yong Kil Hong,Jae Keun Oh 대한신경외과학회 2023 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.66 No.6
The cervical spine plays a critical role in supporting the skull, maintaining horizontal gaze, and facilitating walking. Its unique characteristics, including the widest range of motion among spinal segments, have led to extensive research on cervical sagittal alignment. Various parameters have been proposed to evaluate cervical alignment, with studies investigating their clinical significance, correlation with symptoms, and implications for surgical interventions. Recent findings suggest that cervical sagittal alignment not only impacts the cervical spine but also influences global spine-pelvic alignment through compensatory mechanisms. This comprehensive review examines classical and new parameters of cervical sagittal alignment and considers the dynamic and muscular factors associated with it.
Sung Hoon Yoon,Kil Soo Lee,Jae Sang Cha,Timur Khudaybergenov,Min Soo Kim,Deok Gun Woo,Jeong Uk Kim 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2020 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.12 No.2
The secure access the lighting, Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), fire safety, and security control boxes of building facilities is the primary objective of future smart buildings. This paper proposes an authorized user access to the electrical, lighting, fire safety, and security control boxes in the smart building, by using color grid coded optical camera communication (OCC) with face recognition Technologies. The existing CCTV subsystem can be used as the face recognition security subsystem for the proposed approach. At the same time a smart device attached camera can used as an OCC receiver of color grid code for user access authentication data sent by the control boxes to proceed authorization. This proposed approach allows increasing an authorization control reliability and highly secured authentication on accessing building facility infrastructure. The result of color grid code sequence received by the unauthorized person and his face identification allows getting good results in security and gaining effectiveness of accessing building facility infrastructure. The proposed concept uses the encoded user access authentication information through control box monitor and the smart device application which detect and decode the color grid coded informations combinations and then send user through the smart building network to building management system for authentication verification in combination with the facial features that gives a high protection level. The proposed concept is implemented on testbed model and experiment results verified for the secured user authentication in real-time.
Sang-Guen Jung(정상근),Rheo B. Lamorena, Woo Jin Lee(이우진),Gwi-Nam Bae(배귀남),Kil-Choo Moon(문길주),Shin-Do Kim(김신도) 한국실내환경학회 2004 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.1 No.1
입자, 알데히드류, 케톤 같은 유해한 휘발성 유기화합물들이 생성된다는 보고가 있었다. 이번 연구에서는 천연 페인트에서 방출되는 털핀과 오존의 반응에 의한 미세 입자와 이차 유기화합물 생성에 대해서 조사하였다. 시편에 페인트를 칠하여 실내에서 건조시킨 후 테플론 챔버 내에서 오존과 반응시켰다. α, β-파이닌은 GC-MS와 FTIR을 사용하여 정성하였다. 입자생성에 대한 오존의 영향을 조사하기 위해 여러가지 실험이 수행되었다. 오존 농도가 100ppb에서 1000ppb로 증가할 때 입자 수농도는 8,000에서 70,000 particles/㎤까지 증가하였다. 포름알데하이드, 아세트알데하이드, 아세톤+아크로레인, 프로피온알데하이드 등의 반응 생성물은 HPLC로 분석하였다. 이런 화합물들은 잠재적으로 유해한 화합물이고, 인체에 해로운 영향을 끼친다. 이번 연구결과는 친환경제품의 실내공기질에 대한 해로운 영향에 대한 보기를 보여주었다. The use of natural paint for the application to walls and furnishings is now increasing to improve indoor air quality, thereby the natural paint could be a significant source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in indoor environments. Recent studies have shown that gas-phase reactions between terpenes and ozone can generate sub-micron size particles and toxic volatile organic compounds such as aldehydes and ketones. In this research, we have studied the formation of particles and secondary organic compounds during the reaction of ozone with terpenes emitted from commercial natural paint. The paint applied onto stainless steel was dried and oxidized in a teflon chamber. Two monoterpenes (α- and β-pinenes) were identified by FTIR and GC/MS. Several tests were performed to evaluate the effects of ozone concentration on particle formation. Increased ozone levels significantly affect the increase of particle number concentration (monitored with SMPS), which results in the increase of particle counts ranging from 8,000 to 70,000 particles/㎤. Gas-phase products such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone + acrolein, and propionaldehyde were identified during the terpene/ozone reactions by HPLC. These compounds are potential hazardous chemical compounds having harmful health effects to animals and plants. The results obtained from this study provide an insight on the adverse effect of eco-friendly natural product on indoor air quality (IAQ).
IoT Open-Source and AI based Automatic Door Lock Access Control Solution
Sung Hoon Yoon,Kil Soo Lee,Jae Sang Cha,Vinayagam Mariappan,Ko Eun Young,Deok Gun Woo,Jeong Uk Kim 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2020 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.12 No.2
Recently, there was an increasing demand for an integrated access control system which is capable of user recognition, door control, and facility operations control for smart buildings automation. The market available door lock access control solutions need to be improved from the current level security of door locks operations where security is compromised when a password or digital keys are exposed to the strangers. At present, the access control system solution providers focusing on developing an automatic access control system using (RF) based technologies like bluetooth, WiFi, etc. All the existing automatic door access control technologies required an additional hardware interface and always vulnerable security threads. This paper proposes the user identification and authentication solution for automatic door lock control operations using camera based visible light communication (VLC) technology. This proposed approach use the cameras installed in building facility, user smart devices and IoT open source controller based LED light sensors installed in buildings infrastructure. The building facility installed IoT LED light sensors transmit the authorized user and facility information color grid code and the smart device camera decode the user informations and verify with stored user information then indicate the authentication status to the user and send authentication acknowledgement to facility door lock integrated camera to control the door lock operations. The camera based VLC receiver uses the artificial intelligence (AI) methods to decode VLC data to improve the VLC performance. This paper implements the testbed model using IoT open-source based LED light sensor with CCTV camera and user smartphone devices. The experiment results are verified with custom made convolutional neural network (CNN) based AI techniques for VLC deciding method on smart devices and PC based CCTV monitoring solutions. The archived experiment results confirm that proposed door access control solution is effective and robust for automatic door access control.
A New Early-Maturing, High-Quality, Lodging-Tolerant and High-Yielding Rice Cultivar, Jungsanbyeo
Kil Lim Ryu,Jeong IL Kim,You Chun Song,Jung Kon Kim,Sang Jong Lim,Ho Yeong Kim,Hun Pal Moon,Jeom Sik Lee,Hae Chune Choi,Hee Woo Lee,Yeon Kyu Hong,Dae Sik Kim 한국육종학회 2004 한국육종학회지 Vol.36 No.5
“Jungsanbyeo” is a japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Sambaegbyeo and Milyang107 by Sangju Substation of National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment station, RDA in 2000. The cultivar is early matured with heading date of July 30 ordinary
Whitening Effect of Octaphlorethol A Isolated from Ishige foliacea in an In Vivo Zebrafish Model
( Kil Nam Kim ),( Hye Mi Yang ),( Sung Myung Kang ),( Gin Nae Ahn ),( Seong Woon Roh ),( Won Woo Lee ),( Dae Kyung Kim ),( You Jin Jeon ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.4
In a previous study, we isolated octaphlorethol A (OPA) from Ishige foliacea and evaluated its anti-melanogenesis activity in a murine melanoma cell line. However, the whitening effect and toxicity of OPA have not yet been examined in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of OPA on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in an in vivo zebrafish model. More than 90% of subject embryos survived upon exposure to OPA concentrations below 25 μM, which was not significantly different from the finding in the control group. OPA markedly inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner.