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Cyanidin 3-O-β-D-Glucoside Improves Bone Indices
Lydia Kaume,William Gilbert,Breda J. Smith,Latha Devareddy 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.6
Oxidative stress (OS) promotes bone loss after menopause, and there is evidence that dietary antioxidants may reduce the level of OS in vivo. This study examined dose-dependent effects of blackberries (BBs) containing mainly cyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside (C3G) in preventing bone loss in an ovariectomized (Ovx) rat model. Nine-month-old female (N = 38) Sprague-Dawley rats were scanned using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for baseline whole body, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD). One group was sham operated (Sham) and three groups were ovariectomized (Ovx). The groups and corresponding diets were Sham + control diet (n = 12), Ovx + control diet (n = 12), Ovx + 5% BB (n = 7), and Ovx + 10% BB (n = 7). Control diet was AIN-93M rodent diet, and the Ovx +5% BB and Ovx + 10% BB were a diet modified to contain powdered, freeze-dried BB at levels of 5% and 10% (w/w). Following 100 days of treatment, whole body BMC and BMD were reassessed and bone specimens, blood, and 24-h urine samples were collected for analyses. Findings indicate that ovariectomy (Ovx) compromised whole body BMC and trabecular microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and fourth lumbar vertebra. C3G-rich BB at the level of 5% modestly protected BMDs, loss of the tibia, lumbar vertebra, and femur by 2.4%, 2.7%, and 4.3% (P < .0013; .0437; .0004), respectively. BB 5% treatment significantly prevented loss of tibial trabecular bone volume and trabecular number by 37% and 21%, respectively (P < .05), and also significantly prevented tibial trabecular separation by 22%. We conclude that C3G-rich BB treatment at the level of 5% (w/w) but not at 10% (w/w) may modestly reduce Ovx-induced bone loss evident by improved tibial, vertebral, and femoral BMD values, and tibial bone microstructural parameters. Bone protective effects may be as a result of the synergistic effects of phenolic compounds; however, further work is required to determine BBs’ specific mechanisms of action.
Vidya Gadang,William Gilbert,Navam Hettiararchchy,Ronny Horax,Laxmansa Katwa,Latha Devareddy 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.1
The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which bitter melon seed (BMS) alleviates the symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome and elucidate the mechanism by which BMS exerts beneficial effects. Three-month-old female Zucker rats were assigned to following groups: lean control (L-Ctrl), obese control (O-Ctrl), and obese + BMS (O-BMS). The control groups were fed AIN-93M purified rodent diet, and the O-BMS group was fed AIN-93M diet modified to contain 3.0% (wt/wt) ground BMS for 100 days. After 100 days of treatment, BMS supplementation in the obese rats lowered the total serum cholesterol by 38% and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels by about 52% and increased the ratio of serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol to total cholesterol compared to the O-Ctrl group. The percentage of total liver lipids was about 32% lower and serum triglyceride levels were 71% higher in the O-BMS group compared to the O-Ctrl group. Serum glucose levels were significantly lowered partly because of the increase in the serum insulin levels in the BMS-based diet groups. BMS supplementation increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in the white adipose tissue of the obese rats significantly (P<.05) and down-regulated the expression of PPAR-γ, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and interferon-γ mRNA in heart tissue of the obese rats. The findings of this study suggest that BMS improves the serum and liver lipid profiles and serum glucose levels by modulating PPAR-γ gene expression. To our knowledge, this study for the first time shows that BMS exerts cardioprotective effects by down-regulating the NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
Yousseu Nana William,Ateufack Gilbert,Abdul Jabbar Shah,Mbiantcha Marius,Tchoumba Tchoumi Liliane Mireille,Matah Mba Marthe Vanessa,Adjouzem Carine Flore,Teboukeu Boungo Gires,Awouafack Maurice Ducret 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2019 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.19 No.4
Distemonanthus benthamianus is used in Cameroon to treat diarrhoeal episodes. The study aimed to evaluate its antidiarrhoeal potential in Wistar rats and BALB/c mice. Extracts were preliminary investigated for phytochemical components, total phenols quantifcation and DPPH scavenging activity. Their efects were also evaluated against castor oil-induced diarrhoea, prostaglandin-E1-induced fuid accumulation, charcoal meal motility test, as well as against magnesium sulphateinduced diarrhoea and electrolytes regulation. The methanolic extract contains alkaloids, favonoids, polyphenols, saponins, sterols, tannins and triterpenes while aqueous extract was devoid of sterols and triterpenes. Phenolic compounds were more concentrated in methanolic extract, which also developed signifcant DPPH scavenging efects. In castor oil-induced diarrhoea, signifcant (p<0.001) reduction in diarrhoeal stools frequency was observed with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of aqueous extract, while 400 mg/kg of methanolic extract exhibited maximum efect. Total stools frequency was signifcantly (p<0.001) reduced with doses of 300 and 400 mg/kg of extracts. Maximum protection was obtained with 400 mg/kg of both extracts in magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea. That dose signifcantly (p<0.001) reduced Na+ excretion, while Ca2+ excretion was signifcantly (p<0.001) increased with 100 mg/kg of aqueous extract. Both extracts signifcantly (p<0.01, p<0.001) reduced the intestinal fuids mass and volume similarly compared to the negative control groups. The gut motility was signifcantly (p<0.001) reduced with 100 and 200 mg/kg of methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Extracts are therefore antidiarrhoeal remedies candidates, since they provoked a decrease in intestinal motility, associated with fuid and electrolytes regulation across the gut.
Mbiantcha Marius,Djami Marcelle Bejoutance,Ateufack Gilbert,Atsamo Donatien Albert,Tsafack Gonzal Eric,Yousseu William Nana,Djuichou Flore Stéphanie Nguemnang,Matah Vanessa Marthe Mba,Kenmogne Liliane 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.2
Nauclea diderrichii, is a common woody plant in Africa where it is traditionally used for the relief and treatment of multiple pain-related conditions. The aim was to evaluate the inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties of the aqueous extract of N. diderrichii stem bark. Carrageenan and formalin were used to induce inflammation while zymosan A was used to induce monoarthritis in rats. The extract was given orally at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. The extract significantly reduced carrageenan-induced edema up to 6 h, with 61.94% (6th hour). The extract induces a significant inhibition of the formalin-induced edema from the 2nd to the 8th hour with 61.50% (2nd hour). In continuous treatment, the activity of the extract remains significant from the 2nd to the 10th day of treatment with 63.85% (9th day). The extract (400 mg/kg) induces a significant decrease of the organ weight while the body weight increases significantly. At 400 mg/kg, the extract significantly increases the levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin and proteins, as well as the catalase and SOD activities, then a significant decrease of the levels of white blood cells, lymphocytes, hematocrit, MDA and NO. Furthermore, the extract significantly inhibited zymosan A-induced edema from the 1st to the 5th day with 60.99% (5th day). The joints of the treated animals show a close to normal architecture compared to that of the untreated animals. These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties of N. diderrichii and confirm its traditional use to relieve pain and inflammation.
Marius Mbiantcha,Rauf Khalid,Donatien Albert Atsamo,Isaac S. Njoku,Arif Mehreen,Gilbert Ateufack,Dar Hamza,William Yousseu Nana,Rehman Ur Naeem,Ahmad Izhar 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.3
Painful neuropathy that can cause hyperalgesia and allodynia is the most common and debilitating complication of diabetes. Both hyperglycemia and oxidative stress clearly play a key role in the progression of diabetic neuropathy. The search for new natural products with combined anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic and antinociceptive properties is important in the treatment of this disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-hypernoceptive effect of the methanolic extract of Boswellia dalzielii in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Thus, the mice were injected with 200 mg/kg of streptozotocin to produce hyperglycemia. Von Frey filaments, hotplate, acetone and formalin tests were used to evaluate anti-nociceptive activity. Assays of catalase, SOD, MDA and NO determined the antioxidant properties. When administered, methanolic extract of Boswellia dalzielii (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced licking/biting behavior during the first and second phase of the formalin test in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, this extract significantly improved the glycemia of diabetic mice, it also significantly decreased the levels of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta in the serum and the sciatic nerve, decreased the levels of MDA and NO, and then increased the activity of SOD and catalase enzymes. Our results suggest that methanolic extract of Boswellia dalzielii can be a useful therapeutic agent, presumably for both prevention and reversal of pathophysiologic pain. This effect seems to imply hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties of this plant.